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baby noun
⇨ child (Babies can't talk.) ⇨ darling (Hi, baby!) ⇨ offspring (a baby elephant) ⇨ son (She's had a baby boy.) child noun ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ girl and ⇨ son 另见girl条和son条child ♦︎ boy ♦︎ girl ♦︎ baby ♦︎ kid ♦︎ infant ♦︎ youngster ♦︎ toddler ♦︎ minor ♦︎ brat ♦︎ juniorThese are all words for a young person who is not yet an adult. 这些词均表示孩子、未成年人。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a young child / boy / girl / baby / kid / infant◆a little child / boy / girl / baby / kid / brat◆a small / good / naughty child / boy / girl / baby / kid◆a healthy / normal child / boy / girl / baby / kid / infant◆a bright / local child / boy / girl / kid / youngster◆a difficult child / boy / baby / toddler◆a spoilt / spoiled child / kid / brat◆to look after / take care of a child / baby / kid◆a child / boy / girl / baby / kid / infant / youngster / toddler learns sth◆a child / boy / girl / baby / kid / youngster / toddler / junior plays◆a child / boy / girl / baby / kid / youngster grows (up)■ child (plural children) [countable] a young person who is not yet an adult 儿童；小孩◆a child of three / a three-year-old child三岁小孩◆men, women and children男人、女人和儿童◆I lived in London as a child.我小时候住在伦敦。◆The group campaigns for the rights of the unborn child.那个团体为未出生婴儿争取权利。◆She was a child star but never made it as an adult.她曾是童星，成年后却默默无闻。OPP adult , grown-up ⇨ adult adj. see also child ⇨ son ■ boy [countable] a male child 男孩◆The older boys at school used to tease him.学校里大一些的男生过去常常取笑他。◆Be a good boy and get me my coat.乖孩子，把我的外衣拿来。OPP girl see also boy ⇨ son ■ girl [countable] a female child 女孩◆She's a bright little girl.她是个聪明伶俐的小姑娘。OPP boy see also girl ⇨ girl , girl ⇨ son ■ baby [countable] a very young child, especially from birth until it starts to walk 婴儿（尤指从出生到会走路的阶段）◆The baby's crying!婴儿在哭！◆He just broke down and cried like a baby.他禁不住像个孩子似的失声痛哭。◆The illness is common in newborn babies and is easily treated.这是新生儿的常见病，很容易治好。 see also baby ⇨ son ■ kid [countable] (informal, especially spoken) a child 小孩◆He's only a kid. You can't expect him to understand what's going on.他只是个小孩子，你不能指望他理解出了什么事。◆A bunch of kids were hanging around outside.一群孩子在外面闲逛。 see also kid ⇨ son NOTE 辨析 Child or kid? Kid is much more frequent than child in informal and spoken American English. A kid can also be older than a child: you can talk about a kid of 15 but people generally stop being called children at around the age of 12. Above that age you can call them kids, teenagers, young people, girls, youths or lads. 在美式非正式用语和口语中，kid比child常用得多。kid可以比child年龄大，可以说a kid of 15（一个15岁的孩子），但一般12岁左右时便不再称为child。12岁以上可以称为kid、teenager、young person、girl、youth或lad。■ infant / /ˈɪnfənt/ / [countable] (formal or technical 术语) a baby or very young child 婴儿；幼儿◆We studied newborn infants up to two months old.我们研究了出生两个月以内的新生儿。◆The country has an appallingly high infant mortality rate.这个国家的婴儿死亡率高得令人震惊。ⓘ In the British and Australian education systems infant is also the word for a child at school between the ages of four and seven. 在英国和澳大利亚的教育体制中，infant也指四到七岁的学童◆The majority of infant teachers are women.大多数幼儿教师是女性。◆I've known her since we were in the infants (= at infant school).从幼儿学校时我就认识她了。 ■ youngster [countable] (informal) a child or young person 少年；儿童；年轻人◆The camp is for youngsters aged 8 to 14.这次夏令营是为8到14岁的少年儿童安排的。■ toddler [countable] a young child who has only recently learnt to walk 学步的儿童◆She was left at home with a toddler and a four-month-old baby to care for.她给留在家里照顾一个蹒跚学步的孩子和一个四个月大的婴儿。■ minor [countable] (law 法律) a young person who is under the age at which you legally become an adult and are responsible for your actions 未成年人◆It is an offence to serve alcohol to minors.向未成年人提供含酒精饮料是违法行为。◆He was jailed for having sex with a minor.他因与未成年人发生性行为而入狱。 OPP adult ⇨ adult ■ brat [countable] (informal, disapproving) a person, especially a child, who behaves badly 不守规矩的人；（尤指）顽童◆He's a spoilt little brat!他是个被宠坏了的捣蛋鬼！■ junior [countable] (BrE) (in sport) a young person below a particular age, rather than an adult; a child at school in Britain between the ages of 7 and 11 青少年运动员；（英国）7到11岁的学童◆At 16, he's still eligible to play for the juniors.16岁时，他还有资格参加青少年组的比赛。◆Sam is going to be a junior next year.萨姆明年就要上学了。◆a junior school小学 darling noun darling ♦︎ honey ♦︎ love ♦︎ baby ♦︎ sweetheart ♦︎ dear ♦︎ sweetie ♦︎ loved one ♦︎ babe ♦︎ belovedThese are all words for addressing or describing sb that you like or care about very much. 这些词均用于称呼或描述非常喜欢或关心的人。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆thank you, hello, yes, etc. darling / honey / love / baby / sweetheart / dear / sweetie / babe◆my darling / love / baby / sweetheart / dear / beloved■ darling [countable] (especially BrE, informal, spoken) a way of addressing sb that you love 亲爱的；宝贝儿◆What's the matter, darling?怎么啦，亲爱的？◆I love you too, my darling.我也爱你，亲爱的。 see also darling ⇨ dear adj. ■ honey / /ˈhʌni/ / [countable] (especially NAmE, informal, spoken) a way of addressing sb that you love or like very much 亲爱的；宝贝儿◆Have you seen my keys, honey?你见过我的钥匙吗，宝贝儿？■ love [countable] a person that you love 心爱的人；亲爱的◆Take care, my love.保重，我的爱人。◆He was the love of my life (= the person I loved most).他是我一生中最爱的人。■ baby [countable] (especially NAmE, informal, spoken) a way of addressing sb that you love, especially in a romantic way 宝贝儿，心肝儿（尤用于情侣之间）◆Come on baby, let's dance!来吧，宝贝儿，咱们跳舞吧！ⓘ Baby can be offensive if used by a man to a woman that he does not know. 如果男子用baby来称呼素不相识的女子会有冒犯之嫌。■ sweetheart / /ˈswiːthɑːt; NAmE ˈswiːthɑːrt/ [singular] (informal, spoken) a way of addressing sb that you love or like very much 亲爱的；宝贝儿；甜心◆Do you want a drink, sweetheart?想喝一杯吗，亲爱的？ⓘ Sweetheart is used especially by a man to a woman or by a woman to a child. * sweetheart尤用于男子对女子或女子对孩子的称呼。■ dear [countable] (becoming old-fashioned, informal, spoken) a way of addressing sb that you like or love 亲爱的◆Come here, my dear.过来吧，亲爱的。ⓘ Dear is used especially by older people. * dear尤为年纪较大的人所用。 see also dear ⇨ dear adj. ■ sweetie [singular] (especially NAmE, informal, spoken) a way of addressing sb that you love or like very much 亲爱的◆Oh, sweetie. Don't cry.哦，亲爱的，别哭。◆If you ask me, sweetie, you're making a big mistake.亲爱的，如果你问我，我说你是大错特错了。ⓘ In British English sweetie is mostly used by a woman to a child; in American English it is also used between female friends. 在英式英语中，sweetie主要用于女子对孩子的称呼；在美式英语中也用于女性朋友之间相称。■ ˈloved one (rather informal, especially written) a person you care about very much, especially a member of your family 所爱的人，至爱的人（尤指家庭成员）◆He longed to be at home with his loved ones.他渴望回家与亲人团聚。ⓘ Loved one is the only term in this group that cannot be used as a way of addressing sb. * loved one是本组词汇中唯一不能用于称呼的词◆Are you all right, loved one? ■ babe [countable] (informal, spoken) a way of addressing a close friend or sb that you love 宝贝儿；心肝儿◆Hi, babe, how are you doing?嗨，宝贝儿，近来怎么样？ⓘ Babe is used especially by young people. It can be offensive if used by a man to a woman he does not know. The word babes is also used, but this is less frequent. * babe尤用于年轻人之间。男子若用babe来称呼素不相识的女子会有冒犯之嫌。也可用babes，但较少用。■ beloved /bɪˈlʌvɪd/ / (old use or literary) a person who is loved very much by sb, especially in a romantic way 心爱的人；爱慕的人◆It was a gift from her beloved.那是她心爱的人送给她的礼物。 see also beloved ⇨ dear adj. offspring noun offspring ♦︎ baby ♦︎ young ♦︎ litter ♦︎ broodThese are all words for baby animals. 这些词均表示动物幼崽。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to produce / rear / raise offspring / babies / young / a litter / brood◆to give birth to offspring / a baby / young / a litter■ offspring / /ˈɒfsprɪŋ; NAmE ˈɔːfsprɪŋ, ˈɑːfsprɪŋ/ (plural offspring) [countable, usually plural] young animals that are born to parent animals 崽兽；幼崽◆Female badgers may give birth to as many as five offspring.雌貛一胎可产下多达五只幼崽。■ baby [countable] a very young animal 动物幼崽◆What do you call a baby kangaroo?你们把袋鼠幼崽叫什么？◆After some months, the baby learns to walk along branches by holding onto its mother's fur.几个月以后，幼崽学着抓紧母亲的皮毛在树枝上行走。■ young [plural] young animals of a particular type or that belong to a particular mother （同一种类或同一母亲的）幼崽，幼兽，幼鸟◆It carries its young on its back.它把幼崽背在背上。NOTE 辨析 Offspring, baby or young? Offspring and young are more scientific, factual words. Baby is used in everyday language by people who are not experts, and can suggest that the speaker finds the animal attractive or lovable. * offspring和young是较为科学的、描述事实的词语。baby是非专业的日常用语，意味着说话人觉得小动物讨人喜爱◆the lion's offspring / young狮子的幼崽◆a little baby lion一头小狮子The parent animal must be mentioned or understood when using offspring and young, but not with baby. 用offspring和young时，幼崽的父母必须提及或从上下文中可清楚得知，但用baby时不必如此◆The females stay close to their offspring / young.雌兽待在它们的幼崽附近。◆Oh look! That one's just a baby!啊，快看！那还只是个幼崽呢！◆That one's just an offspring/a young! ■ litter [countable] a number of baby animals that a mother produces at one time （动物一胎所生的）一窝幼崽◆a litter of puppies / kittens一窝小狗／小猫■ brood /bruːd/ / [countable + singular or plural verb] all the young birds or creatures that a mother produces at one time （一次孵或生的）一窝鸟，一窝动物◆A brood averages eight to ten ducklings.一窝小鸭子平均有八到十只。 son, daughter noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ child 另见child条son ♦︎ daughter ♦︎ child ♦︎ girl ♦︎ boy ♦︎ baby ♦︎ kid ♦︎ family ♦︎ descendantThese are all words for a person's male or female child. 这些词均表示儿子或女儿。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(a) newborn son / daughter / child / girl / boy / baby◆a baby son / daughter / girl / boy◆a young son / daughter / child / girl / boy / baby / kid / family◆sb's eldest / oldest / youngest son / daughter / child / girl / boy / kid◆a teenage son / daughter / child / girl / boy / kid◆a grown-up son / daughter / child◆a male / female child / descendant◆a / an illegitimate / legitimate son / daughter / child◆to have a son / daughter / child / girl / boy / baby / kid / family◆to give birth to a son / daughter / child / girl / boy / baby / kid◆to bring up / raise a son / daughter / child / girl / boy / kid / family◆a son / daughter / child / girl / boy / baby is born■ son [countable] a person's male child 儿子◆We have two sons and a daughter.我们有两个儿子，一个女儿。◆He's the son of an Oxford professor.他是牛津大学一位教授的儿子。◆Maine & Sons, Grocers (= the name of a company on a sign) 梅因父子杂货店■ daughter [countable] a person's female child 女儿◆His wife recently gave birth to a daughter.他的妻子最近生下一个女儿。■ child (plural children) [countable] a son or daughter of any age 儿子；女儿◆They have three grown-up children.他们有三个成年的孩子。◆I'm an only child (= I have no brothers or sisters).我是个独生子。ⓘ Children is often used to refer to both or all the children of a particular person. * children常指某人的两个或所有子女◆Will you put the (= our / my) children to bed?你安顿孩子们睡觉好吗？'The child' is not used in this way. * the child不这样用◆I'm just taking the child to school. see also child ⇨ child NOTE 辨析 Son, daughter and childThese words are often combined with others to make compounds. 这三个词常与其他词合并构成复合词◆grandson / granddaughter / grandchild (= the son / daughter / child of your son or daughter) （外）孙子；（外）孙女◆stepson / stepdaughter / stepchild (= the son / daughter / child that your husband or wife has from an earlier marriage to another person) 继子；继女◆son-in-law / daughter-in-law (= the husband / wife of your daughter / son) 女婿；儿媳妇 ■ girl [countable] a daughter, especially a young daughter 女儿；（尤指）年少的女儿◆Our youngest girl wants to go to art college.我们的小女儿想上美术学院。 see also girl ⇨ child , girl ⇨ girl ■ boy [countable] a son, especially a young son 儿子；（尤指）年少的儿子◆They have two boys and a girl.他们有两个儿子和一个女儿。◆Her eldest boy has just started high school.她的长子刚上中学。 see also boy ⇨ child ■ baby [countable] a very young son or daughter 婴儿（儿子或女儿）◆My sister's expecting a baby.我姐姐怀孕了。◆She had a baby last year.她去年生了个孩子。 see also baby ⇨ child ■ kid [countable, usually plural] (informal, especially spoken) a son or daughter 小孩（儿子或女儿）◆How are the kids (= your children)?孩子们好吗？◆Do you have any kids?你有孩子吗？ⓘ Kid is used more in spoken than written language, and is most often used in the plural: I have to take the/my kids to school is more common than I have to take my kid to school. * kid更多用于口语而非书面语，而且最常用复数形式：I have to take the/my kids to school比I have to take my kid to school更常见。 see also kid ⇨ child ■ family [countable + singular or plural verb, uncountable] a couple's or a person's children, especially young children 子女；（尤指）幼年子女◆I always wanted to have a large family.我一直希望儿女成群。◆I addressed it to Mr and Mrs Jones and family.我以此致琼斯伉俪及子女。◆They got married last year and plan to start a family (= have children) soon.他们去年结了婚，而且计划马上要孩子。■ descendant / /dɪˈsendənt/ / [countable] a person who is related to sb who lived in the past 后裔；后代；子孙◆He was an O'Conor and a direct descendant of the last High King of Ireland.他属于奥康纳家族，是爱尔兰最后一位君王的嫡系后裔。ⓘ Descendant refers to adults as well as children. * descendant兼指成人和儿童。 OPP ancestor ⇨ family 3 |