election ♦︎ vote ♦︎ poll ♦︎ referendum ♦︎ ballot ♦︎ exit poll ♦︎ straw poll ♦︎ show of handsThese are all words for an event in which people choose a representative or decide sth by voting.这些词均表示选举、表决。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an election / a vote / a poll / a referendum / a ballot on sth◆a democratic / free election / vote / poll / ballot◆a secret election / vote / ballot◆a national / local election / poll / referendum / ballot◆a state election / poll / referendum◆to conduct an election / a vote / a poll / a referendum / a ballot / an exit poll◆to have an election / a vote / a poll / a referendum / a ballot / a show of hands◆to hold an election / a vote / a poll / a referendum / a ballot◆to call / lose / win an election / a vote / a referendum / a ballot◆an election / a vote / a poll / a referendum / a ballot takes place◆the outcome / result of an election / a vote / a poll / a referendum / a ballot■election [countable, uncountable] an occasion on which people officially choose a political representative or government by voting（对政治代表或政府的）选举，推选◆Who did you vote for in the last election?上届选举你投了谁的票？◆The first election results will be coming in very soon.第一次选举结果很快会公布。◆ (BrE) Labour won a landslide victory in the 1945 general election(= a national election for a new government).工党在1945年的大选中以压倒性的得票获胜。◆He first stood for election when he was 21.21岁时他首次参加竞选。◆She's yet to say whether she will be running for election.她还没有明确表示是否参加竞选。 see also elect ⇨ appoint■vote [countable] an occasion on which a group of people vote for sb/sth投票；选举；表决◆They took a vote on who should be their new leader.他们投票选出新一任领导人。◆I think it's time to put this issue to the vote.我认为就这一问题进行表决的时候到了。◆The vote was unanimous(= everyone voted the same way).表决一致通过。 see also vote sb in ⇨ appoint■poll / /pəʊl; NAmEpoʊl/ [countable] ( the polls [plural]) (especially journalism尤用于新闻) the process of voting in an election选举投票◆The final result of the poll will be known tomorrow.最终的投票结果将于明天公布。◆They suffered a resounding defeat at the polls.他们在选举中惨败。◆The polls close(= voting ends) at 10 pm.投票于晚上10点结束。◆Thursday is traditionally the day when Britain goes to the polls(= votes in an election).星期四是英国传统的投票日。■referendum [countable] an occasion on which all the adults in a country can vote on a particular issue（对某一议题的）全民投票，全民公决◆The president called a referendum on the new divorce laws.总统宣布就新的离婚法案进行全民公决。◆The issue will be decided by referendum.这一议题将由全民公决来裁定。■ballot /ˈbælət/ / [uncountable, countable] the system of voting by marking an election paper, especially in secret; an occasion on which a vote is held（无记名）投票选举；投票表决◆The leader will be chosen by secret ballot.领导人将通过无记名投票选举产生。◆The union cannot call a strike unless it holds a ballot amongst its members.工会未经会员投票表决不得发动罢工。ⓘ Ballot is usually used about a vote within an organization rather than an occasion on which the public vote. * ballot通常指组织内部的投票表决，而非公开选举。 see also ballot ⇨ surveyverb■ˈexit poll [countable] an occasion on which people who have just voted are asked how they voted. This is used to try to predict the final result before the votes have been officially counted.投票后民意调查◆Exit polls show that the Republicans are slightly ahead.投票后民意调查显示共和党以微弱优势领先。■ˌstraw ˈpoll [countable] an occasion on which a number of people are asked in an informal way to give their opinion about sth非正式民意调查◆I took a quick straw poll among my colleagues to see how many agreed.我随便问了几个同事，看看有多少人同意。■show of ˈhands
idiom
an occasion on which a group of people vote on sth by raising their hands举手表决◆OK, let's have a show of hands. Who's in favour of the proposal?好吧，我们举手表决。谁赞成这个提议？
survey
verb
survey ♦︎ poll ♦︎ sample ♦︎ canvass ♦︎ ballotThese words all mean to find out about sth by asking a group of people questions.这些词均表示作民意调查。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to poll / ballot sb on sth◆to canvass / ballot sb for sth◆to survey / canvass opinion◆to poll / ballot your members■survey [transitive] to find out about the opinions or behaviour of a group of people by asking them a series of questions对⋯作民意调查；对⋯进行民意测验◆We surveyed 500 smokers and found that over three quarters would like to give up.我们对500名吸烟者进行了调查，发现有超过四分之三的人愿意戒烟。◆The aim of the project is to survey public attitudes to disability.该项目旨在了解公众对残障的态度。 see also survey ⇨ investigationnoun■poll / /pəʊl; NAmEpoʊl/ [transitive, usually passive] to ask a large number of people, especially members of the public, what they think about sth对⋯作民意调查◆Over 50% of those polled were against the proposed military action.民调中有超过50%的人反对拟议的军事行动。 see also poll ⇨ investigationnoun■sample [transitive] (technical术语) to test part of sth or question part of a group of people in order to find out what the rest is like抽样检验；对⋯取样；对⋯采样◆The survey was done using a group of 100 children randomly sampled from the school population.在学校中随机抽取了100名儿童进行调查。▸sample
noun
[countable] ◆Samples of the water contained pesticide.水样中含有杀虫剂。◆The interviews were given to a random sample of students.对随机抽选出的学生进行了采访。■canvass /ˈkænvəs/ / [transitive] to ask people about sth in order to find out what they think about it调查民意；征求意见◆I quickly canvassed opinion on the issue among my colleagues.我很快就这一问题征求了同事们的意见。◆People are being canvassed for their views on the proposed new road.正在就计划修建的新道路征求人们的意见。■ballot / /ˈbælət/ / [transitive] to ask sb to vote secretly in writing about sth, especially to find out the opinion of a group of people（尤指为征求意见）要求（某人）对某事作无记名投票◆The union balloted its members on the proposed changes.工会要求会员对所提议的变革进行无记名投票。 see also ballot ⇨ electionnoun