| 例句 |
neurotic adj.
⇨ mentally ill (neurotic patients) ⇨ nervous (neurotic about sth)mentally ill adjective mentally ill ♦︎ insane ♦︎ neurotic ♦︎ psychotic ♦︎ disturbed ♦︎ crazed ♦︎ deranged ♦︎ unstable ♦︎ psychopathicThese words all describe sb who is suffering from a mental illness. 这些词均表示精神失常的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达精神失常的严重程度| neurotic | ➔ | mentally ill | ➔ | crazed | | disturbed | | insane | | psychopathic | | unstable | | psychotic | | | | | deranged | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆insane / crazed / deranged with grief / sorrow / jealousy◆neurotic / psychotic / disturbed / unstable / psychopathic behaviour◆neurotic / psychotic / psychopathic illnesses / disorders / symptoms / patients◆a crazed / psychopathic killer◆seriously mentally ill / neurotic / psychotic / disturbed◆emotionally / mentally disturbed / unstable■ mentally ˈill suffering from an illness of the mind, especially in a way that affects the way you think and behave 有精神病◆She was unhappy and stressed, but I didn't think she was mentally ill.她郁郁寡欢，焦虑不安，但我认为她没有精神病。◆Services for mentally ill people have been cut yet again.对精神病患者的服务又削减了。 see also ill ⇨ sick 1 ▸ the mentally ˈill noun [plural] ◆the care of the mentally ill对精神病人的护理■ insane / /ɪnˈseɪn/ / [not usually before noun] (especially written) suffering from a serious mental illness and unable to live in normal society 精神失常；神经错乱◆Doctors certified her as insane.医生证实她精神失常。◆The question is, was the man insane when he committed the crime?问题在于该男子犯罪时是否处于精神失常状态？ⓘ In informal English insane can describe sb who is not suffering from a mental illness, but whose mind does not work normally, especially because they are under pressure. This meaning is used especially in the phrases go insane and drive sb insane. 在非正式用语中，insane可修饰未患精神病但尤因压力导致心智不正常的人。此义尤用于短语go insane和drive sb insane中◆She was driving me insane with her constant chatter.她唠叨个没完，快把我逼疯了。 OPP sane ⇨ sane ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ mad 另见mad条▸ the insane noun [plural] ◆He's in a hospital for the criminally insane (= people who are seriously mentally ill and are likely to commit dangerous crimes).他住在一家收治可能实施危险犯罪的重度精神病患者的医院里。■ neurotic / /njʊəˈrɒtɪk; NAmE nʊˈrɑːˈrɒtɪk/ (medical 医学) suffering from or connected with neurosis (= a mental illness in which a person suffers strong feelings of fear and worry) 神经（官能）症的◆the treatment of anxiety in neurotic patients对神经官能症病人焦虑感的治疗ⓘ In informal English neurotic is also used to describe sb who is not suffering from a mental illness, but is not behaving in a calm way because they are worried about sth. 在非正式用语中，neurotic亦可修饰未患精神病但因担忧而变得神经质的人◆She became neurotic about keeping the house clean.她对保持房屋清洁变得有点神经质。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ nervous 另见nervous条■ psychotic /saɪˈkɒtɪk; NAmE saɪˈkɑːtɪk/ (medical 医学) suffering from or connected with psychosis (= a serious mental illness in which thought and emotions lose connection with external reality) 精神错乱的；有精神病的◆a young mother with a psychotic illness患精神病的年轻母亲◆He suffered a psychotic episode (= an occasion on which he became psychotic) two years ago.他两年前发过一次精神病。ⓘ In informal English psychotic is sometimes used to describe anyone suffering from a mental illness, but in correct medical usage it only describes people who have difficulty relating to external reality. It contrasts with neurotic which describes people who are less seriously mentally ill and are still able to distinguish what is real from what is not. Psychotic should not be confused with psychopathic: being psychotic does not make sb violent. 在非正式用语中，psychotic有时泛指患有精神疾病，但在正确的医学用语中，只用以描述难以与外界现实建立联系的人，这与neurotic形成对比－neurotic用以描述患有轻微神经错乱，但仍能区分现实与虚幻的人。psychotic所描述的精神病人没有暴力行为，不应与psychopathic混淆。■ disturbed /dɪˈstɜːbd; NAmE dɪˈstɜːrbd/ mentally ill, especially because of very unhappy or shocking experiences 有精神病的，心理不正常的，精神紊乱的（尤因不幸或受刺激所致）◆He works with emotionally disturbed children.他的工作对象是精神异常的儿童。◆His behaviour is deeply disturbed.他的行为极其失常。■ crazed /kreɪzd/ / (written, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) not having any emotional or mental control 疯狂的；发狂的◆A crazed killer stalked the streets.一个丧心病狂的杀手恶狠狠地在街上走。◆She was crazed with grief.她伤心欲狂。■ deranged / /dɪˈreɪndʒd/ / (especially written) not able to behave and think normally, especially because of a mental illness 精神错乱的；精神失常的；疯狂的◆The plan seemed to be the product of a deranged mind.这个计划像是精神错乱的人想出来的。◆At first I thought he was deranged.起初我以为他发疯了。■ unstable / /ʌnˈsteɪbl/ / having emotions and behaviour that are likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly （情绪和行为）反复无常的，不稳定的◆He's highly unstable, and liable to sudden fits of rage.他情绪极其反复无常，动辄暴跳如雷。◆emotionally unstable patients情绪不稳定的病人■ psychopathic / /ˌsaɪkəˈpæθɪk/ / suffering from or connected with a serious mental illness that causes the sufferer to behave in a violent way towards other people 患严重精神病的；精神错乱而有暴力倾向的◆He was diagnosed as suffering from a psychopathic disorder.他被诊断为精神错乱。 nervous adjective nervous ♦︎ neurotic ♦︎ edgy ♦︎ on edge ♦︎ jitteryThese words all describe people who are easily frightened or behaving in a frightened way. 这些词均形容人神经质的、易紧张焦虑的、胆怯的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a nervous / neurotic man / woman / girl◆to feel nervous / edgy / on edge / jittery◆a bit nervous / edgy / on edge / jittery◆very nervous / edgy / jittery■ nervous easily worried or frightened 神经质的；易紧张焦虑的；胆怯的◆He's not the nervous type.他不是那种易于紧张的人。◆She was of a nervous disposition.她生性容易紧张。OPP relaxed ⇨ calm adj. see also nervous ⇨ worried ▸ nerves noun [plural] ◆She was a bag / bundle of nerves.她非常紧张。◆I need something to calm / soothe / steady my nerves.我需要点东西来稳定一下我的情绪。 see also get on sb's nerves ⇨ annoy ■ neurotic / /njʊəˈrɒtɪk; NAmE nʊˈrɑːtɪk/ not behaving in a reasonable, calm way, because you are worried about sth 神经质的；神经过敏的◆She became neurotic about keeping the house clean.她对保持房屋清洁有点神经质。◆He's a brilliant but neurotic actor.他是个杰出但有些神经质的演员。 see also neurotic ⇨ mentally ill ■ edgy (informal) nervous or bad-tempered, especially because you are worried about what might happen （尤指因担心可能发生的事而）紧张的，烦躁的，易怒的◆He became edgy and defensive.他变得烦躁不安且心存戒心。◆After the recent unrest there is an edgy calm in the capital.最近的骚乱之后，首都平静得令人不安。■ on ˈedge idiom edgy 紧张不安的；烦躁的◆She was always on edge before an interview.她在面试前总是紧张不安。NOTE 辨析 Edgy or on edge?These expressions have the same meaning but edgy can also describe a time or event. 这两个表达方式含义相同，但edgy亦可描述某一时刻或事情◆It was an edgy match with both players making mistakes.这是一场令人紧张的比赛，两名选手均出了差错。 On edge can also describe sb's nerves. * on edge亦可形容人的紧张状态◆His nerves had been on edge (= he had been nervous or bad-tempered) all day.他一整天都惶惶不安。 ■ jittery /ˈdʒɪtəri/ / (informal) anxious and nervous, especially about what might happen 紧张不安的；心神不宁的◆All this talk of war was making him jittery.所有这些关于战争的传言让他心神不宁。▸ jitters ( often 常作 the jitters) noun [plural] ◆We all had the jitters－we were worried we'd lose our jobs.我们都紧张不安，担心自己会失业。 |