| 例句 |
battle noun
⇨ campaign (a legal battle) ⇨ war (killed in battle)battle verb
⇨ compete campaign noun campaign ♦︎ battle ♦︎ struggle ♦︎ drive ♦︎ war ♦︎ fight ♦︎ crusadeThese are all words for an effort made to achieve or prevent sth. 这些词均表示为达目的所作的奋斗或斗争。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a campaign / battle / struggle / drive / fight / crusade for sth◆a campaign / battle / struggle / drive / war / fight / crusade against sth◆a battle / struggle / war / fight between people◆a big / major campaign / battle / struggle / drive◆a successful campaign / battle / struggle / drive / fight◆a / an national / international campaign / battle / struggle / drive / crusade◆a personal / one-man / one-woman campaign / battle / struggle / war / crusade◆a bitter campaign / battle / struggle / fight◆a brave / desperate battle / struggle / fight◆a political campaign / battle / struggle◆to launch / embark on a campaign / battle / drive / crusade◆to lead / continue the campaign / battle / struggle / drive / war / fight / crusade◆to win / lose the battle / struggle / war / fight◆to give up the battle / struggle / fight◆The campaign / battle / war / fight is on.■ campaign / /kæmˈpeɪn/ / [countable] a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim （为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的）运动◆She led the campaign for parliamentary reform.她领导了要求改革议会的运动。◆We're launching an anti-smoking campaign in the New Year.我们会在新年发起反对吸烟的运动。◆The advertising campaign was responsible for the massive rise in sales.广告宣传活动是销售额大幅增长的原因。 see also campaigner ⇨ activist ■ battle [countable] a competition or argument between people or groups of people trying to win power or control 较量；争论；斗争◆She finally won the legal battle for compensation.她最终在这场要求赔偿的争讼中获胜。◆Looking after a two-year-old needn't be a constant battle of wills (= when each side is very determined to win).照顾两岁的孩子未必是一场持久的意志较量。◆He had been conducting a personal battle of wits (= when each side uses their ability to think quickly to try and win) with the sales manager since his first day at work.他从第一天上班开始就一直在和销售经理斗智。■ struggle [countable] a competition or argument between people or groups of people trying to win power or control 较量；争论；斗争◆He was a major player in the struggle for independence.在这场争取独立的斗争中，他是主角。◆It is an epic tale of the struggle between good and evil.这是一个关于善恶之争的史诗式故事。◆She will not give up her children without a struggle.她不会轻易放弃自己的孩子。 see also struggle ⇨ resist verb NOTE 辨析 Battle or struggle?In many cases you can use either word, but a struggle is always about things that seem absolutely necessary, such as life and death or freedom. A battle can also be about things that are not absolutely necessary, just desirable, or about the pleasure of winning. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，但struggle总是指看起来绝对必要的斗争，如关于生死或自由。battle还可指非必要的斗争，如仅仅是为了满足欲求或获得胜利的满足感◆the battle / struggle between good and evil / man and nature善与恶／人与自然之争◆a legal struggle for compensation ◆a struggle of wills/wits ■ drive [countable] an organized effort by a group of people to achieve sth （团体为达到某种目的而进行的）有组织的努力，运动◆He played a crucial role in the drive for greater efficiency.他在提高效率的运动中扮演了关键角色。◆She is leading the recruitment drive.她在领导招募活动。NOTE 辨析 Campaign or drive?A campaign is usually aimed at getting other people to do sth; a drive may be an attempt by people to get themselves to do sth. * campaign通常是旨在发动别人参加的运动；drive则可能是让自己努力参与其中的运动◆From today, we're going on an economy drive (= we must spend less).从今天起，我们要开展节约运动。◆an economy campaign A campaign may be larger, more formal and more organized than a drive. * campaign可以指比drive更大规模、更正式和更有组织的活动。 ■ war [uncountable, singular] an effort over a long period of time to get rid of or stop sth bad （为消灭或阻止有害事物的）长期斗争，顽强抵御◆The government has declared war on drug dealers.政府已经向贩毒分子宣战。◆We seem to be winning the war against crime.我们在打击犯罪方面似乎已做出成绩。■ fight [singular] the work of trying to stop or prevent sth bad or achieve sth good; an act of competing, especially in a sport （抑恶或扬善的）斗争；（尤指体育）比赛，竞赛◆Workers won their fight to stop compulsory redundancies.工人赢得了阻止强制性裁员的斗争。◆The team put up a good fight (= they played well) but were finally beaten.这个队打得不错，但最后还是输了。■ crusade / /kruːˈseɪd/ / [countable] a long and determined effort to achieve sth that you believe to be right or to stop sth that you believe to be wrong （长期坚定不移的）斗争，运动◆We must continue the crusade against crime.我们必须继续打击犯罪。◆Her moral crusade began in 1963.她那提倡道德的运动始于1963年。◆He led a crusade to give terminally ill people the right to die.他领导了一场给予末期病人死亡权利的运动。 see also crusader ⇨ activist NOTE 辨析 War, fight or crusade?A war is about stopping things, like drugs and crime, that everyone agrees are bad. A fight can be about achieving justice for yourself. A crusade is often about persuading other people to share your beliefs about what is right and wrong. * war指对公认的丑恶现象进行的斗争，如毒品和犯罪。 fight 可指为自己争取公正而进行的斗争。crusade常指说服别人接受自己的是非观的运动。 war noun war ♦︎ battle ♦︎ action ♦︎ conflict ♦︎ fighting ♦︎ combat ♦︎ warfare ♦︎ campaign ♦︎ hostilities ♦︎ skirmishThese are all words for a situation in which two or more countries or groups of people fight against each other. 这些词均表示战争、战斗。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a war / a battle / action / a conflict / fighting / combat / warfare / a campaign / hostilities / a skirmish with / against / between sb / sth◆in war / battle / action / conflict / fighting / combat / warfare / hostilities◆in a war / battle / conflict / campaign / skirmish◆(a) civil / nuclear war / conflict / warfare◆(a) fierce / bloody action / conflict / fighting / combat / warfare◆(a) decisive war / battle / action / conflict / campaign◆(a) military battle / action / conflict / combat / campaign◆to win / lose a war / battle / conflict / campaign / skirmish◆to fight a war / battle / campaign◆a war / a battle / action / a conflict / fighting / combat / a campaign / a skirmish takes place◆war / conflict / fighting / hostilities breaks out / break out◆a war / a battle / action / a conflict / fighting / combat / a campaign / hostilities begins / begin◆a war / a battle / a conflict / fighting / combat / a campaign / hostilities ends / end◆a war / a battle / action / a conflict / fighting / combat / warfare / a campaign continues◆a war / a battle / a conflict / fighting / combat / warfare / a campaign goes on◆the outbreak of war / conflict / fighting / combat / hostilities■ war [uncountable, countable] a situation in which two or more countries or groups of people fight against each other over a period of time 战争；战争状态◆The two countries were at war for eight years.两国之间的战争打了八年。◆The USA declared war on Germany in 1917.美国于1917年向德国宣战。◆The terrorists were charged with waging war against the state.恐怖分子被指控向那个国家发动战争。◆My grandfather fought in two world wars.我的祖父参加了两次世界大战。◆The country went to war in 1914.该国1914年卷入战争。OPP peace ⇨ peace ■ battle [countable, uncountable] a time when two or more armies meet and fight, especially during a war; a violent fight between two groups of people 战役；战斗；搏斗◆Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.拿破仑在滑铁卢战役中战败。◆His father had been killed in battle.他的父亲已经阵亡。◆Many young men were sent into battle without proper training.许多年轻人没有受到应有的训练就被送上了战场。◆Scores of people have been hurt in running battles with police.很多人在与警察的持久战中受了伤。■ action [uncountable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) fighting in a battle or war 战斗；作战◆He was killed during enemy action.他在一次敌军行动中阵亡。◆He was reported missing in action.据报告他在战斗中失踪。◆I never saw action during the war.战争时期，我从未参加过战斗。■ conflict [countable, uncountable] a violent situation or period of fighting between two countries （两国之间的）军事冲突，战斗◆Peace talks have failed to end the 6-year-old conflict.和平谈判未能终止六年的军事冲突。◆Conflict between the two groups has left more than 8 000 dead.两派间的冲突已导致超过8 000人死亡。■ fighting [uncountable] the violent activity that takes place when two or more countries or groups of people fight against each other 军事冲突；战斗◆Heavy fighting broke out in the east of the country.该国东部爆发了激烈的军事冲突。◆There were outbreaks of street fighting in three districts of the city last night.昨夜这个城市有三个区发生了巷战。 see also fight ⇨ fight verb 1 ■ combat /ˈkɒmbæt; NAmE ˈkɑːmbæt/ [uncountable] fighting, especially during a time of war 搏斗；打仗；战斗◆The soldiers are in combat with rebel forces.士兵与叛乱武装对抗。◆The troops were locked in hand-to-hand combat.部队陷入了肉搏战。■ warfare /ˈwɔːfeə(r); NAmE ˈwɔːrfer/ [uncountable] the activity of fighting a war, especially using particular weapons or methods （尤指用某种武器或方式的）战，作战，战争◆He denied his country has developed the capability for chemical warfare.他否认他的国家已经有能力打化学战。◆The fighting quickly turned into full-scale guerrilla warfare.这场战斗很快演变成一场全面的游击战争。■ campaign [countable] a series of attacks or battles that are intended to achieve a particular military aim during a war 战役◆The Russian campaign ended with the German defeat at Stalingrad.俄罗斯战役以德国在斯大林格勒战败宣告结束。◆The terrorists responded with a bombing campaign directed at business and commerce.恐怖分子的反应是针对企业和商业发动爆炸袭击。■ hostilities /hɒˈstɪlətiz; NAmE hɑːˈstɪlətiz/ [plural] (rather formal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) acts of fighting in a war 战争行为◆Hostilities between the two countries ended in a ceasefire.两国最终达成停火协议，结束了敌对行动。ⓘ Hostilities is used especially to talk about when fighting begins, ends, stops for a short time or starts again. Collocating verbs include begin, break out, cease, end, suspend and resume. Phrases include the outbreak/cessation/suspension/resumption of hostilities. 表示战争的开始、结束、暂时中断或重新爆发时尤用hostilities，与之搭配的动词有begin、break out、cease、end、suspend和resume，构成的短语有the outbreak/cessation/suspension/resumption of hostilities（战争的爆发／停止／暂停／再次爆发）。■ skirmish /ˈskɜːmɪʃ; NAmE ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/ [countable] a short fight between small groups of soldiers, etc., especially one that is not planned （尤指突发的）小规模战斗，小冲突◆Minor skirmishes broke out all along the border.边界多处爆发了小规模战斗。 see also skirmish ⇨ fight verb 1 compete verb compete ♦︎ fight ♦︎ battle ♦︎ take sb on ♦︎ struggle ♦︎ contest ♦︎ vie ♦︎ pit sb/sth against sb/sthThese words all mean to try to be more successful or better than sb else who is trying to do the same as you, for example in a competition, contest or election. 这些词均表示竞争、对抗、争夺。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to compete / fight / battle / struggle / vie for sth◆to compete / battle / struggle / vie with sb◆to compete / battle / vie to do sth◆to compete for / battle for / contest / vie for a (first / second, etc.) place◆to compete / fight / struggle / vie for power◆to fight / battle / struggle / vie for control◆to compete / fight / vie for a share of sth◆to compete / fight / battle / struggle hard◆to successfully compete for / fight (for) / contest sth■ compete [intransitive] to try to be more successful or better than sb else who is trying to do the same as you 竞争；对抗◆Small bookshops can't compete with the large stores.小书店无法与大店竞争。◆Several projects are competing against each other for scarce resources.几个项目在互相竞争抢夺稀缺资源。◆Travel firms are competing fiercely on price.旅行社在进行激烈的价格竞争。◆Colleges will have to compete to attract the best students.各大学将不得不竞相吸引最优秀的学生。 see also competitor , the competition ⇨ enemy ■ fight (fought, fought) [intransitive, transitive] to take part in a contest, especially when you compete very hard （激烈）竞争；参加（竞赛）◆She's fighting for a place in the national team.她正努力争取加入国家队。◆Collins fought back to level the match at 2 sets all.科林斯奋力反击，将比赛扳成二比二平局。◆ (especially BrE) There are twelve parties fighting the election.有十二个党派参加竞选。■ battle [intransitive] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to try very hard to be more successful than an opponent in a contest or argument or to achieve sth difficult （为战胜对手或困难）拼搏，奋斗，斗争◆Unions are battling with the company over the job losses.工会正就职位削减问题同那家公司进行斗争。◆The players have battled hard.运动员拼得很辛苦。◆The two sides will battle it out in the final next week.双方将于下周决赛中决一胜负。ⓘ Battle can also mean 'to deal with sth unpleasant or dangerous'. * battle还可指和令人不快或危险的事物作斗争◆She's still battling with a knee injury.她还在同膝部的伤痛作斗争。In this meaning it is also used with an object in American English. 表达此义时，battle在美式英语中还可带宾语◆He battled cancer for four years.他同癌症斗争了四年。 see also fight ⇨ oppose ■ ˌtake sb ˈon phrasal verb (took, taken) [no passive] to accept sb as an opponent 和某人较量◆He'll take on the former Olympic champion in the 5 000 metres.他将在5 000米比赛中迎战前奥运冠军。◆Why don't you take him on at chess?你为什么不和他比赛下棋？■ struggle [intransitive] to compete or argue with sb, especially in order to get sth 争夺；争辩◆The two men struggled for control of the party.两人在争夺该党的控制权。◆The firms are struggling for market share.那些公司在争夺市场份额。■ contest [transitive] to take part in a competition or election 角逐，参加（比赛或选举）◆Three candidates contested the leadership.有三名候选人角逐领导权。◆It turned out to be another hotly contested tournament.结果这成了又一场竞争白热化的比赛。■ vie / /vaɪ/ / [intransitive] (rather formal) to compete strongly against sb in order to get sth 激烈竞争；争夺◆The boys would vie with each other to impress her.那些男孩子竞相努力给她留下好印象。◆They are all vying for a place in the team.他们都在力争能够入队。■ ˈpit sb/sth against sb/sth phrasal verb (-tt-)to test sb or their strength, intelligence or determination in a contest against sb/sth else 使竞争；使较量；使经受考验◆The issue of water supply pitted farmers against environmentalists.供水问题使农民和环保人士展开了较量。◆They pit their wits against each other in the weekly sports quiz.在每周的体育竞猜中，他们互相斗智。 |