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voluntary1 adjective Attendance at classes is purely voluntary. 上课纯属自愿。voluntary work 义务工作voluntary ♦︎ optional ♦︎ discretionaryThese words all describe sth which sb does, decides or has by choice, not because they have to. 这些词均表示自愿的、主动的、可选择的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a voluntary / an optional course / procedure / scheme◆entirely voluntary / optional / discretionary◆purely / largely voluntary / optional■ voluntary /ˈvɒləntri; NAmE ˈvɑːlənteri/ done willingly and by choice, not because you have to do it 自愿的；主动的；自告奋勇的◆Many people pay voluntary contributions into a pension fund.许多人自愿向退休基金供款。◆Attendance at classes is purely voluntary.上课纯属自愿。◆ (BrE) He took voluntary redundancy.他选择了自愿裁汰。OPP involuntary , compulsory ⇨ necessary ▸ voluntarily adverb ◆He was not asked to leave－he went voluntarily.没有人让他走，是他主动走的。■ optional that you can choose to do or have if you want to 可选择的；选修的◆Certain classes are compulsory, others are optional.某些课程是必修的，其他是选修的。◆ (BrE) This model comes with a number of optional extras (= things you can choose to have but which you pay extra for).这种型号有一些可供选择的附件，但要额外收费。OPP compulsory , obligatory ⇨ necessary see also option ⇨ option NOTE 辨析 Voluntary or optional? Voluntary puts the emphasis on choosing to do or have sth without being forced to because of a rule or law; optional puts the emphasis on sth being available for you to choose if you want, when it is sth extra, not an essential part of sth. * voluntary强调自己选择做某事或拥有某物而非因规章或法律而被迫去做；optional强调某物是额外提供以备选的，不是必不可少的部分。■ discretionary /dɪˈskreʃənəri; NAmE dɪˈskreʃəneri/ [usually before noun] (formal) decided according to the judgement of a person in authority about what is necessary in each particular situation; not decided by rules 自由决定的；酌情行事的；便宜行事的◆Such awards are allocated on a discretionary basis.这些奖是自行决定颁发的。▸ discretion noun [uncountable] ◆Bail is granted at the discretion of the court.由法庭决定准予保释。 |