officer noun ⇨official (a press officer)⇨policeman (uniformed officers)
official
noun
official ♦︎ officer ♦︎ councillor ♦︎ councilman/councilwoman ♦︎ mayor ♦︎ commissioner ♦︎ civil servant ♦︎ secretary ♦︎ bureaucratThese are all words for sb who works in a government department or a large organization, especially in a position of authority.这些词均表示政府部门的官员或大机构的高级职员。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a senior official / officer / councillor / civil servant / bureaucrat◆a chief official / officer / commissioner / civil servant / secretary◆a junior official / officer / civil servant◆a deputy officer / mayor / commissioner / secretary◆a local official / officer / councillor / councilman / mayor / commissioner / civil servant / bureaucrat / secretary◆a regional / district official / officer / commissioner / secretary◆a city / town official / councillor / councilman / mayor◆a public official / officer◆a government official / officer / bureaucrat◆a party official / bureaucrat / secretary◆a union official / officer / secretary◆to appoint an official / an officer / a commissioner◆to elect (sb as) a councillor / mayor / councilman◆to serve as an officer / a councillor / a councilman / mayor / a commissioner / secretary■official [countable] a person who is in a position of authority in a large organization or a government department（政府部门的）官员；（大机构的）高级职员◆A senior official in the State Department issued a statement.国务院的一名高级官员发表了一份声明。■officer [countable] (often in compounds常构成复合词) an official（政府部门的）官员；（大机构的）高级职员◆The charity has a full-time press officer working with the national newspapers.这家慈善机构设有一名全职新闻主任，负责跟全国性报纸沟通。◆the company's Chief Executive / Financial Officer(= CEO / CFO)公司的首席执行官／财务总监NOTE辨析 Official or officer?Official is a general word which can refer to any person in a position of authority. * official含义很广，可指任何身居要位的人◆government / bank / Olympic officials政府官员；银行高级职员；奥运会官员Officer is often part of a job title for a particular position. * officer常用以构成某一特定职位的名称◆an environmental health officer环境卫生专员◆the chief medical officer医疗总监■councillor (NAmE alsocouncilor) / /ˈkaʊnsələ(r)/ / [countable] a member of a council(= a group of people who are elected to govern an area); used as a title市议员；政务委员会委员；议员，委员（用作头衔）◆Councillor Bob Harris鲍勃•哈里斯委员◆Talk to your city councillor about the problem.关于这个问题，可与你那里的政务委员谈一谈。◆ (BrE) She served as a Conservative councillor for Harwich for many years.她曾担任哈里奇的保守党议员多年。■ˈcouncilman■ˈcouncilwoman ( Councilman, Councilwoman) [countable] (NAmE) a councillor市议员；政务委员会委员◆'This is a first for the city,' said Councilman Wallis.“这对本城来说是前所未有的。”沃利斯议员说。■mayor ( Mayor) / /meə(r); NAmEˈmeɪər/ [countable] the head of a town, borough or county council; the head of the government of a town or city镇长；市长；郡长◆He became the first directly elected mayor of London in 2000.他在2000年成为伦敦首位直选市长。■commissioner ( Commissioner) /kəˈmɪʃənə(r)/ / [countable] a member of a commission(= an official group of people who are responsible for controlling sth or finding out sth)（委员会的）委员，专员，特派员◆a commissioner for the Central Collegiate Hockey Association中部大学曲棍球协会委员◆The merger has been referred to the European Competition Commissioner.这个并购项目已提交欧洲竞争委员会委员审查。■ˌcivil ˈservant / /ˌsɪvl ˈsɜːvənt/ / [countable] a person who works in the civil service(= the government departments in a country), as a paid official, rather than as an elected politician（政府的）公务员，文职人员◆The committee will question a number of ministers and high-ranking civil servants.委员会将对几位部长和高级公务员提出质询。■secretary [countable] an official of a club, society, political party or trade union, who deals with writing letters, keeping records and making business arrangements; (in Britain) an assistant of a government minister or an ambassador, either a senior civil servant or a junior minister（俱乐部、社团、政党或工会的）干事，文书；（英国的大臣或大使的）助理◆She served as club secretary for 25 years.她任俱乐部文书25年。◆Anyone interested in joining the society should contact membership secretary Bob Barwood.有意加入本社团者请与组织干事鲍勃•巴伍德联系。◆He had talks with the Chief Secretary to the Treasury.他与财政部首席大臣进行了会谈。■bureaucrat /ˈbjʊərəkræt; NAmEˈbjʊræt/ [countable] (oftendisapproving) an official working in an organization or a government department, especially one who follows rules too strictly官僚◆He was just another faceless bureaucrat.他无非是一个毫无个性的官僚。 see also bureaucracy ⇨ authorities, bureaucracy ⇨ bureaucracy
policeman
noun
policeman ♦︎ officer ♦︎ detective ♦︎ police officer ♦︎ cop ♦︎ constable ♦︎ PC/WPC ♦︎ policewoman ♦︎ trooperThese are all words for a member of the police.这些词均表示警察。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a uniformed policeman / officer / police officer / cop / policewoman◆a plain-clothes policeman / officer / detective / police officer / cop / policewoman◆an undercover policeman / officer / detective / police officer / cop◆an off-duty policeman / officer / detective / police officer / policewoman / cop◆a senior policeman / officer / detective / police officer / policewoman◆a policeman / an officer / a detective / a police officer / a cop / a constable arrests sb / investigates sth◆a policeman / an officer / a police officer / a cop / a constable patrols sth■policeman [countable] a male member of the police男警察◆A policeman was called to the house just after midnight.午夜刚过，一名警察接报来到这所房子。■officer [countable] a member of the police, often used as a form of address（常用于称谓）警察◆Yes, officer, I saw what happened.是，警官先生，我看到了发生的事。◆We spoke to the duty officer at the police station.我们在警察局跟值班警察说了。◆I tried to find out who was the officer in charge of the case.我设法弄清楚谁是负责本案的警察。ⓘ In the US, officer is also used as a title for a member of the police.在美国，officer还用作警察的头衔◆Officer Dibble迪布尔警官■detective / /dɪˈtektɪv/ / [countable] a person, especially a member of the police, whose job is to examine crimes and catch criminals侦探；警探◆Detective Sergeant John Nelson约翰•纳尔逊警长◆Detectives investigating the case are appealing for witnesses to the attack.调查此案的警探呼吁这起袭击的目击者出来作证。ⓘ Detective is a rank of a police officer who investigates crimes. It is often part of a title such as Detective Inspector or Detective Constable. * detective表示负责犯罪调查的警官这一警衔，常作为头衔的一部分，如Detective Inspector（侦缉督察）或Detective Constable（警员）。■poˈlice officer [countable] a member of the police警察◆The plans were drawn up at a meeting of senior police officers.这些方案是在一次高级警官会议上起草的。NOTE辨析 Policeman, officer or police officer?Policeman is the most frequent word used for a member of the police, especially by ordinary people in conversation. Officer and police officer are words used by the police, in more formal contexts such as news reports, and in order to avoid referring to the gender of the person. Officer is used instead of police officer when the context makes it clear that you are talking about a police officer, not any other kind of officer, especially when it forms part of another compound noun. * policeman最常用，尤用于普通人的谈话中。officer和police officer乃警方用语，或用于新闻报道等较正式的语境中，或用以避免涉及警官性别。当上下文语义清楚，尤其在officer构成复合名词时，用officer而不用police officer◆We spoke to the duty police officer at the police station.■cop [countable] (informal) a police officer警察◆The film is based on the true story of a New York cop.本片以一名纽约警察的真实故事为蓝本。◆Somebody call the cops!哪位帮忙报警啊！ⓘ The cops is often used to mean 'the police' in general. * the cops常指警方。■constable /ˈkʌnstəbl; NAmEˈkɑːnstəbl/ [countable](in the UK and some other countries) a police officer of the lowest rank（英国和其他一些国家的警察中最低级别的）警员◆Have you finished your report yet, Constable?你的报告写完了吗，警员？◆The children were taken out of the room by a woman police constable.孩子们被一名女警员带到了房间外。◆Special constables provide part-time assistance for the regular police force.兼职纠察可以补充正规警力。ⓘ Constable is a rank and is mainly used within the police when referring to or talking to particular police officers with this rank, including as a title. * constable是个级别，主要在警察内部使用，指这一级别的警察，或用于称呼这一级别的警察，也作头衔◆Constable Quinn奎恩警员It is not used to refer to groups of police officers or the police in general. In the UK, a chief constable is a senior police officer who is in charge of the police force in a particular area. * constable不用来指一群警察，也不用来统称警方。在英国，chief constable指地区警察局长。■PC■WPC [countable] (BrE) the abbreviations for 'police constable' and 'woman police constable'; used as titles警员，女警员（police constable和woman police constable的缩写，用作头衔）◆PC Jason Adams is a community policeman patrolling the estate.贾森•亚当斯警员是在这个住宅区巡逻的社区警察。◆WPC Karen Mills was praised for her swift action.卡伦•米尔斯警员因行动迅速受到表扬。■policewoman [countable] a female police officer女警察◆A plain-clothes policewoman waited at the entrance to her office.一名女便衣在她办公室门外等候。■trooper [countable] (NAmE) a member of a State police force州警察◆The teenager was shot by a state trooper during a drugs raid.在一次缉毒行动中，那个少年被州警察击中。