charter noun ⇨law (a charter of rights)⇨licence (the BBC's charter)charter verb ⇨order2
law
noun
law ♦︎ legislation ♦︎ constitution ♦︎ code ♦︎ charterThese are all words for a system or set of rules or principles which govern a country or organization.这些词均表示国家的法律法规或机构的章程。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆legislation / a charter on sth◆under / in the legislation / constitution / code / charter◆(a) draft legislation / constitution / code / charter◆(the) civil / criminal law / legislation / code◆(the) state / federal law / legislation / constitution◆to draw up / draft / adopt / approve / amend legislation / a constitution / a code / a charter◆to break the law / a code◆to contravene legislation / a constitution / a code◆to be enshrined in law / legislation / the constitution / a charter◆the law / legislation / the constitution forbids sth◆legislation / the constitution / a charter guarantees sth■law ( the law) [uncountable] the system of rules that everyone in a country or society must obey; a particular branch of this system法律（体系）；法规◆In Sweden it is against the law to hit a child.在瑞典打孩子是违法的。◆Defence attorneys can use any means within the law to get their client off.辩护律师可以在法律允许的范围内利用任何手段使当事人免于处罚。◆British schools are now required by law to publish their exam results.按现行法律规定，英国的学校须公布考试结果。◆The reforms have recently become law.最近已立法保证这些改革措施。◆He specializes in international law.他专攻国际法。 see also law ⇨ rulenoun■legislation / /ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn/ / [uncountable] a law or set of laws passed by a parliament法规；法律◆The civil rights campaign resulted in legislation against segregation.那次民权运动的结果是通过了反对隔离的法规。◆There were calls for legislation to ban smoking in public places.人们呼吁立法禁止在公共场所吸烟。◆The government is trying to push through a controversial piece of legislation.政府正试图通过一项有争议的法规。 see also legislate ⇨ ruleverb2■constitution /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃn; NAmEˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃn/ [countable] the system of laws and basic principles that a state, country or organization is governed by宪法；章程◆These rights are established in the federal constitution.这些权利是联邦宪法中所规定的。◆A two-thirds majority is needed to amend the club's constitution.俱乐部章程的修订需经三分之二的俱乐部成员同意。■code [countable] a system of laws or written rules that state how people in an organization or country should behave法典；法规；规定◆The company has drawn up a new disciplinary code.公司已经起草了一项新的纪律规定。◆The law includes amendments to the penal code.该法律包括几条刑法修正案。■charter [countable] a written statement describing the rights that a particular group of people should have; a written statement of the principles and aims of an organization权利宪章；规章；章程◆He fought for a social charter of workers' rights.他为出台一部保障工人权利的社会宪章而斗争。◆Minority rights are protected by the UN charter.少数族裔的权利受到联合国宪章的保护。
licence (BrE) (NAmElicense)
noun
➡ See also the entries for ⇨ certificate and ⇨ permission另见certificate条和permission条licence ♦︎ franchise ♦︎ warrant ♦︎ permit ♦︎ charter ♦︎ authorization ♦︎ passThese are all words for an official document that gives you permission to do sth.这些词均表示许可证、执照、通行证或授权书。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆under (a) licence / franchise / charter◆a licence / franchise / warrant / permit / charter to do sth◆the necessary licence / permit / authorization◆to have a licence / a franchise / a warrant / a permit / a charter / an authorization / a pass◆to get / obtain a licence / a franchise / a warrant / a permit / a charter / an authorization / a pass◆to give (sb) a licence / franchise / permit / charter / pass◆to grant (sb) a licence / a franchise / a warrant / a permit / a charter◆to issue (sb) a licence / warrant / permit / charter / pass◆to apply for a licence / franchise / warrant / permit / charter / pass◆to renew a licence / franchise / permit / charter / pass◆to revoke sb's licence / permit / charter◆to see / check sb's licence / permit / authorization / pass◆a licence / franchise / permit / charter / pass expires◆a licence / franchise / permit / pass holder■licence (BrE) (NAmElicense) / /ˈlaɪsns/ / [countable] an official document that shows that permission has been given for you to do, own or use sth许可证；执照◆You need a licence to fish in this river.你要有许可证才能在这条河里钓鱼。◆The beer is brewed under licence in the UK.在英国酿造啤酒需要有许可证。◆ (BrE) Do you have a valid driving licence?你有有效驾驶执照吗？◆ (NAmE) a driver's license驾驶执照◆She lost her licence(= had her driving licence taken away) for six months.她的驾驶执照被暂扣了六个月。◆a marriage licence结婚证◆a liquor licence(= giving permission to sell alcoholic drinks)售酒许可证◆an export licence(= a licence to export goods)出口许可证◆Is there a licence fee?需要交执照费吗？ see also license ⇨ allow■franchise / /ˈfræntʃaɪz/ / [countable] formal permission given by a company to sb who wants to sell its goods or services in a particular area; formal permission given by a government to sb who wants to operate a public service as a business（公司授予的）特许经销权；（政府授予的）特别经营权，特许◆a catering franchise in the fast-food industry快餐业内的餐饮经营权◆In the reorganization, Southern Television lost their franchise.在重组中南方电视公司失去了特许经营权。◆They operate the business under franchise.他们根据特许经营权经营。▸franchise
verb
[transitive, usually passive] ◆The catering has been franchised (out) to a private company.餐饮特许经营权已授予一家私营公司。■warrant /ˈwɒrənt; NAmEˈwɔːrənt, ˈwɑːrənt/ [countable] a legal document that is signed by a judge and gives the police authority to do sth（法官授予警方的）执行令，授权令◆They issued a warrant for her arrest.当局发出了逮捕她的令状。◆Police arrived with a search warrant.警察是带着搜查令来的。◆Federal agents tried to serve arrest warrants on him for firearms offences.联邦探员试图以枪支犯罪向他发出逮捕令。■permit /ˈpɜːmɪt; NAmEˈpɜːrmɪt/ [countable] an official document that gives sb the right to sth, especially for a limited period of time（尤指有期限的）许可证，特许证◆I asked to see his permit.我要求看他的许可证。◆His 30-day permit expires on Tuesday.他30天的许可证周二就到期了。◆a work permit(= giving you permission to work in a foreign country)工作许可证◆a residence permit居住证 see also permit ⇨ allow■charter [countable] an official document stating that a ruler or government allows a new organization, town or university to be established and gives it particular rights and privileges（统治者或政府准许设立新的机构、城镇或大学并授予某些特权的）特许状，许可证，凭照◆The BBC's charter was due to be renewed.英国广播公司的许可证该续期了。◆The university received its Royal Charter in 1946.该大学于1946年获得皇家特许状而成立。ⓘ In British English charter is sometimes used in an ironic way to describe a law or policy that seems likely to help criminals by giving them extra rights.在英式英语中，charter有时带有讽刺意味，指法律或政策赋予了罪犯额外权利，反而便利了他们钻空子◆The new law will be a charter for unscrupulous financial advisers.这项新法将会为无良的金融顾问大开方便之门。■authorization (BrE alsoauthorisation) /ˌɔːθəraɪˈzeɪʃn; NAmEˌɔːθərəˈzeɪʃn/ [countable] a document that gives sb official permission to do sth批准书；授权书◆Can I see your authorization please?我能看看你的授权书吗？ see also authorize ⇨ allow■pass [countable] an official document or ticket that shows that you have the right to enter or leave a place, to travel on a bus, train, etc.通行证；车票；乘车证◆You can buy a three-day pass that gives you entry to all the major sights.你可购买一张有效期为三天的通行证，就能进入所有主要的景点了。◆a bus pass公共汽车票◆You will need a boarding pass to get onto the plane.你须持有登机卡才能上飞机。
order2
verb
order sb to do sth命令某人做某事order goods/a taxi/a meal订货；叫出租车；点餐arrangeorder your thoughtsrankordered alphabeticallyrule2order that sth must happenorder ♦︎ book ♦︎ hire ♦︎ rent ♦︎ charter ♦︎ reserveThese words all mean to ask for sth to be made available for you at a later time, or to pay to use sth temporarily.这些词均表示预订、预约或租借、租用。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to order / book / hire / rent / charter / reserve sth for sb◆to book / reserve a place / seat / table / ticket◆to book / hire / rent / reserve a room / hall◆to book / rent a DVD / video◆to book / charter a flight◆to hire / rent a bicycle / a boat / a car / equipment / a movie / a van / a vehicle◆to hire / charter a plane / vessel / yacht◆to order / book / reserve sth for eight o'clock / this evening / midday, etc.■order [transitive, intransitive] to ask for goods to be made or supplied or for sth to be provided; to ask to be served with sth to eat or drink订购；订货；点（食物或饮料）◆The furniture can be ordered direct from the manufacturer.这些家具可向厂方直接订货。◆I'd like to order some books, please.请帮我订几本书可以吗？◆I'll order you a taxi.我会给你叫辆出租车。◆I've ordered some sandwiches.我点了一些三明治。◆The waiter asked if we were ready to order.服务员问我们是否要点菜。 see also order ⇨ requestnoun■book [transitive, intransitive] (especially BrE) to arrange with a hotel or theatre to have a room or seat on a particular date; to arrange for sb to have a seat on a plane, train or ship（向旅馆或戏院）预约，预订；给某人预订飞机（或火车、轮船）座位◆The hotel is fully booked that weekend.旅馆那个周末订满了。◆The seminars get quickly booked up(= have no more places available).研讨会的席位很快就预订一空。◆I've booked you on the 9.30 flight.我给你订了9点30分的飞机票。◆Book early to avoid disappointment.及早预订，以免向隅。 see also book ⇨ scheduleverb■hire [transitive] (BrE) to pay money to borrow sth for a short time租用；租借◆There's a place where you can hire bikes for the day.有个地方可以租自行车用一天。◆They hired a room above a pub for the wedding reception.他们在酒馆楼上租了一个房间办婚宴。▸hire
noun
[uncountable] ◆bicycles for hire, £4 an hour自行车出租，每小时4英镑◆The costumes are on hire from the local theatre.戏装可向本地剧院租用。■rent [transitive] (especially NAmE) to pay money to borrow sth for a short time租用；租借◆She rented a car at the airport.她在机场租了一辆汽车。◆He had a list of movies they had rented from the local video store.他有一份他们从本地录像带商店租借过的电影清单。NOTE辨析 Hire or rent?In British English you hire vehicles, rooms or tools, but you rent DVDs or videos. In American English rent is used for all these things. However, for larger vehicles that usually carry paying passengers, use charter.在英式英语中，租车、租房间或租用工具用hire，但租DVD或录像带用rent。在美式英语中，租所有这些东西都用rent。不过，租用通常载送付费乘客的大型交通工具则用charter。■charter [transitive] to hire a plane, boat, bus or train包租（飞机、船、公共汽车或火车）◆The club chartered a special flight from Manchester to Turin.俱乐部包租了一架从曼彻斯特飞往都灵的专机。▸charter
noun
[uncountable] ◆a yacht available for charter可供租赁的游艇■reserve [transitive] (ratherformal) to ask for a seat, table, room or place on a course to be available for you or sb else at a future time预订，预约（座位、席位、房间）；预留（课程名额）◆They had reserved seats on the train.他们已经在火车上预订了座位。◆Please reserve a place for me on the software training day.请在软件培训日那天给我留一个名额。NOTE辨析 Book or reserve?Book usually means to make a firm arrangement which often includes making a payment at the same time or being charged if you cancel. Reserve means to ask for sth to be kept for you and does not usually require payment in advance, except in the case of seats on a train. You can also say make a reservation, which is the most usual way to express this idea in American English. * book通常指作出确定的安排，常包括在预订的同时付款，又或者如果取消预订也要交一定的费用。reserve指预订、预留某物，通常不要求预先付款，除非是预订火车座位。也可以说make a reservation，这是美式英语中表达此义最常见的用法◆I'd like to make a reservation for August 14.我想预订8月14日的座位。 see also reserve ⇨ reserve, reservation ⇨ request