check verb ⇨check1 (check for mistakes)⇨check2 (Go and check that I've locked the windows.)⇨limit (check the growth of public spending)⇨mark1 (check the box)⇨suppress2 (check your tears)check noun ⇨bill (ask the waiter for the check)⇨inspection (do a routine check)⇨investigation (a police check)⇨limit1 (provide a natural check)⇨hold/keep sth in check⇨limitverb
check1
verb
check for mistakes/damage检查错误／受损情况Go and check that I've locked the windows.去查看一下我是不是把窗户锁上了。limitcheck the growth of public spendingmark1check the boxsuppress2check your tearscheck ♦︎ look at sth ♦︎ examine ♦︎ inspect ♦︎ audit ♦︎ visit ♦︎ go over sth ♦︎ look sb/sth over ♦︎ check over sb/sth ♦︎ view ♦︎ check through sthThese words all mean to look at sb/sth closely to make sure that everything is correct, in good condition or acceptable.这些词均表示检查、审查、检验。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to check / examine / inspect / check over / check through (sth) for sth◆to check / look at / examine / inspect sth to see if / whether...◆to check / look at / examine / inspect / go over / look over / check over / check through sth carefully◆to check / examine / inspect / go over sth thoroughly◆to check / look at / examine / inspect sth closely◆to check / examine / inspect / visit sth regularly / daily■check [transitive] to look at sb/sth closely to make sure that everything is correct, in good condition, safe or satisfactory检查；审查；检验◆Check your work before handing it in.交作业前先检查一遍。◆Check the container for cracks or leaks.检查一下容器是否有裂缝或漏的地方。 see also check ⇨ inspection■ˈlook at sth
phrasal verb
to take a close look at sth, especially in order to see if there is anything wrong or to find out information about sth（仔细）察看，检查（尤指为了查错或查找信息）◆Your ankle's swollen－I think a doctor ought to look at it.你的脚踝肿了，我觉得应该找医生检查一下。◆I haven't had time to look at(= read) the papers yet.我还没来得及看这些论文。 see also look ⇨ looknoun■examine [transitive] to look at sb/sth closely to see if there is anything wrong or to find the cause of a problem（仔细地）检查，检验（以找出错误或问题成因）◆The goods were examined for damage on arrival.货物到达时仔细检查了是否有破损。◆The doctor examined her but could find nothing wrong.医生为她做了检查，但没发现什么问题。 see also examination ⇨ inspection, examiner ⇨ inspector■inspect [transitive] to look at sb/sth closely to make sure that everything is satisfactory; to officially visit a school, factory, etc. in order to check that rules are being obeyed and that standards are acceptable检查；审视；视察◆The teacher walked around the classroom inspecting the children's work.老师在教室里走来走去，检查孩子们的作业。◆The Tourist Board inspects all recommended hotels at least once a year.旅游局每年到所有推荐旅馆视察至少一次。 see also inspection ⇨ inspection, inspector ⇨ inspectorNOTE辨析 Check, examine or inspect?These words can all be used when you are looking for possible problems, but only check is used about looking for mistakes.这些词均可指检查可能出现的问题，但检查错误只用check◆Examine/Inspect your work before handing it in.Only examine is used when looking for the cause of a problem.查找问题的原因只用examine◆The doctor checked/inspected her but could find nothing wrong.Examine is used more often about a professional person. * examine较常指专业人员做检查◆The surveyor examined the walls for signs of damp.房屋鉴定人检查了墙壁，看是否有水渍。Inspect is used more often about an official. * inspect较常指官方检查◆Public health officials were called in to inspect the restaurant.公共卫生官员给召来检视了这家餐馆。■audit / /ˈɔːdɪt/ / [transitive] (business商业) to officially examine the financial accounts of a company to see that they are true and correct审计；稽核◆The National Audit Office is responsible for auditing the accounts of a wide range of bodies.国家审计署负责审计各种机构。 see also audit ⇨ inspectionnoun■visit [transitive] to make an official visit somewhere, for example to carry out checks or give advice视察，巡视（对工作进行检查或督导）◆Government inspectors are visiting all schools in the area next month.政府检察员下月巡视这个地区所有的学校。■ˌgo ˈover sth
phrasal verb
to check sth carefully for mistakes, damage or anything dangerous（仔细）检查，审查，查阅◆Go over your work for spelling mistakes before you hand it in.交作业之前要仔细检查是否有拼写错误。◆The Health and Safety Officer went over the whole school, checking every fire door.卫生安全官员仔细检查了整所学校，查看了每扇防火安全门。■ˌlook sb/sth ˈover
phrasal verb
to look at sb/sth closely to see if it is satisfactory（仔细）查看，检查◆We looked over the house again before we decided to rent it.那房子我们又查看了一次才决定租下来。◆The sergeant looked him over and told him to polish his shoes.警官仔细看了看他，让他把鞋擦亮。■ˌcheck ˈover sb/sth
phrasal verb
to check sb/sth carefully to make sure that everything is correct, in good condition, or satisfactory仔细检查；核对；核查◆We checked over the house, looking for damp or rot.我们仔细检查那座房子，查看是否有受潮或腐烂的地方。◆The doctor checked him over and said he was fit and healthy.医生为他做了检查，说他很健康。■view [transitive] (ratherformal) to visit a house, etc. and examine it so that you can decide whether to buy or rent it实地查看，察看（房子等，以便决定购买或租用）◆The property can only be viewed by appointment.察看此处房产须预约。■ˌcheck ˈthrough sth
phrasal verb
to examine all parts of sth closely to make sure that everything is correct or satisfactory or in order to find sth仔细检查（某物）；核对；核查◆We checked through the photographs to make sure there were none missing.我们仔细检查了那些照片，确保一张不落。
check2
verb
check for mistakes/damage检查错误／受损情况Go and check that I've locked the windows.去查看一下我是不是把窗户锁上了。limitcheck the growth of public spendingmark1check the boxsuppress2check your tearscheck ♦︎ make sure ♦︎ verify ♦︎ assure yourselfThese words all mean to find out if sth is true.这些词均表示核实、核准、查明。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to check / verify sth with sb◆to check / make sure / verify / assure yourself that...◆to check / verify what / whether...◆to check / verify the accuracy / authenticity / results (of sth)◆to go and check / make sure◆to always check / make sure / verify sth■check [intransitive, transitive] to find out if sth is correct or true or if sth is how you think it is查明；查看；核实◆Go and check that I've locked the windows.去查看一下我是不是把窗户锁上了。◆'Is Mary in the office?' 'Just a moment. I'll go and check.'“玛丽在办公室吗？”“请稍等，我去看看。”◆You'd better check with Jane what time she's expecting us.你最好跟简确认一下她见我们的时间。■make ˈsure
idiom
to check that sth is true or has been done核实，查明，弄清（某事是否属实或已做）◆She looked around to make sure that she was alone.她环顾四周，确认周围没人。◆I think the door's locked, but I'll just go and make sure.我认为门已经锁了，但我还是会去检查一下。■verify / /ˈverɪfaɪ/ / [transitive, intransitive] (formal) to check that sth is true or accurate核实；查对；核准◆We have no way of verifying his story.我们无法核实他的说法。◆Please verify that your password was entered correctly.请核实你的密码是否输入正确。 see also verifiable ⇨ reliable2■assure yourself (formal) to make yourself certain about sth; to tell yourself that sth is certain（使自己）确信，确定◆He assured himself of her safety.他确定她是安全的。◆She assured herself that the letter was still in the drawer.她查清楚信仍在抽屉里。
limit
verb
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth另见confine sb/sth to sth条limit ♦︎ control ♦︎ restrict ♦︎ curb ♦︎ contain ♦︎ check ♦︎ cap ♦︎ rein sth in ♦︎ suppress ♦︎ hold/keep sth in checkThese words all mean to stop sth increasing beyond a particular amount or level, from spreading or from getting worse.这些词均表示限制、抑制。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be limited / restricted to sth◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / check / cap / rein in spending◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / check growth◆to limit / control / curb / contain / check inflation◆to keep spending / inflation / growth in check◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / cap expenditure◆to limit / control / curb / contain / check the spread of sth◆to limit / control / check the expansion of sth◆to limit / control / restrict the size / number / extent / amount of sth◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / check your speed◆to drastically / greatly / severely limit / restrict / curb sth■limit [transitive] to stop sth from increasing beyond a particular amount or level限制；限定◆Calorie intake is strictly limited to 1 000 a day.热量的摄入严格限定在每天1 000大卡。◆The amount of money you have to spend will limit your choice.你要消费的金额限制着你的选择。◆They introduced measures to limit carbon dioxide emissions from cars.他们采取了措施限制汽车二氧化碳的排放。◆There is no evidence that the restrictions have limited the effectiveness of the advertising.没有证据表明这些规定制约了广告的效果。■control(-ll-) [transitive] to limit sth or make it happen in a particular way控制；限制；限定◆The government has announced new measures to control immigration.政府已宣布了限制外来移民的新措施。◆Many biological processes are controlled by hormones.许多生理过程都是由激素控制的。◆Parents should control what their kids watch on television.家长应该限定孩子看什么样的电视节目。■restrict [transitive] to limit the size, amount or range of sth限制，限定（规模、数量或范围）◆We restrict the number of students per class to ten.我们把每个班的学生人数限定为十人。◆They tried to control traffic congestion by restricting entry to the city.他们试图通过限定进城车辆的数量来防止交通拥堵。◆Fog severely restricted visibility.浓雾严重影响了能见度。◆There have been several attempts to restrict the sale of alcohol.曾做过几次限制酒精饮料销售的尝试。NOTE辨析 Limit or restrict?In many cases you can use either word; however, restrict is used more often to talk about limiting what people can do; limit is used both for limiting what people can do and for controlling the effects of sth.在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，但restrict更多指限定人的行为，limit既可指限定人的行为，也可指控制某事的效果◆to restrict carbon dioxide emissions from cars◆to restrict the effectiveness of advertising■curb[transitive] to control or limit sth, especially sth bad控制，抑制，约束（有害事物）◆A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation.为了抑制通货膨胀已实施了一系列的政策。◆This legislation will greatly curb the power of local authorities.这次立法将大大限制地方当局的权力。■contain [transitive] (written) to stop sth harmful from spreading or getting worse防止⋯蔓延；防止⋯恶化◆Far more could have been done to contain the epidemic.本可以做更多事情来防止此次流行病的蔓延。◆He introduced repressive measures to contain the violence.他采取了一些遏止暴力行为的镇压措施。■check [transitive] to stop sth bad from continuing控制，抑制，阻止（有害事物）◆The government is determined to check the growth of public spending.政府决心要控制公共开支的增长。◆She tied some strips of cloth around the wound to check the bleeding.她在伤口上缠了些布条来止血。NOTE辨析 Curb, contain or check?To contain a problem is to stop it from getting worse or spreading over a larger area, but without actually getting rid of it from the areas where it already exists; to curb sth is to reduce it to a lower level; to check sth is to stop it altogether. * contain指防止问题恶化或蔓延，但并不能将其根除；curb指降低严重程度；check则指完全控制住。■cap(-pp-) [transitive, usually passive] (especially BrE) to limit the amount of money that can be charged for sth or spent on sth限额收取（或支出）◆We will continue to cap local government spending where necessary.必要时我们将继续限制地方政府的开支额度。◆The total annual fee is capped at 1.5 per cent.年费总额限定在1.5%。■ˌrein sth ˈinto start to control sth strictly, especially after it has been increasing too quickly（尤指增速过快后）严格控制，加强管理◆This is part of a battle to rein in public spending on health.此举是严控公共医疗开支这一艰巨工作的一环。◆If the situation continues, she may not be able to rein in the military much longer.如果这种局面继续下去，她对军队的控制力也许就维持不了多久了。■suppress / /səˈpres/ / [transitive] (written) to stop sth from growing, developing or continuing, especially a natural process or function压制，阻止，抑制（自然过程或功能）◆Slimming drugs do help to suppress appetite.减肥药确实能够抑制食欲。◆A 5 cm layer will suppress weed growth.一层5厘米厚的覆盖物就能抑制杂草的生长。OPPstimulate ⇨ stimulate■hold sth in ˈcheck■keep sth in ˈcheck
idiom
(held, held; kept, kept)to control sth that could be a problem, so that it does not spread or get worse控制，制止（以免蔓延或恶化）◆They want interest rates kept in check.他们希望利率控制在合理范围之内。◆We need to keep the rabbit population in check.我们需要控制兔子的数量。
mark1
verb
X marks the spot * X符号标明地点mark exam papers; mark sth wrong给试卷打分；把⋯批为错mark ♦︎ label ♦︎ tick ♦︎ check ♦︎ highlight ♦︎ flag ♦︎ tagThese words all mean to put sth such as a word, symbol or label on sth in order to give information about it.这些词均表示用文字、符号、标签等做记号、做标记、标示。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to mark / label / highlight / flag / tag sth with sth◆to mark / highlight sth in red, yellow, etc.◆to tick / check sth off◆to mark / label boxes / bags◆to mark / tick / check / highlight / flag an item◆to mark / tick / check a box◆to mark / highlight / flag a / an word / paragraph / passage / section / error◆to mark / label sth clearly / carefully■mark [transitive] to write or draw a symbol, line, etc. on sth in order to give information about it; (of a symbol, line, etc) to show the position of sth做记号；做标记；（符号、线条等）标明方位，标示◆Items marked with an asterisk can be omitted.打星号的项目可以删去。◆Prices are marked on the goods.价格标在商品上。◆Do not open any mail marked 'Confidential'.不要打开任何标有“机密”的邮件。◆The cross marks the spot where the body was found.十字记号标明了发现尸体的地点。■label(-ll-, NAmE-l-) [transitive, often passive] to fix a label on sth or write information on sth贴标签于；用标签标明◆We carefully labelled each item with the contents and the date.我们仔细地把每件物品用标签标明成分和日期。 see also label ⇨ labelnounNOTE辨析 Mark or label?When you use mark, you usually have to say how sth is marked, for example with a cross, or particular words, or in a particular colour. When you say that sth is labelled, you mean that sb has written on it what it is, what is in it, or who it belongs to, and you do not need to give more details if the context is enough to give the meaning.用mark时通常要说明是如何做的标记，比如用十字记号、特定的文字或颜色等。sth is labelled指已在标签上写明某物是什么、成分如何或归谁所有，若上下文足够明确则不必再给出更多的信息◆The path is marked in red.这条路线用红色标示。◆Make sure that all your luggage is clearly labelled(= with your name and address).确保你的所有行李都清楚地用标签标明了你的名字和地址。■tick [transitive] (BrE) to put a mark (✓) next to an answer or an item on a list to show that it is correct or has been dealt with标记号；打钩；打对号◆Tick 'yes' or 'no' to each question.在每个问题的“是”或“否”旁打钩。◆I've ticked off the names of the people who have paid.我在已付款者的姓名旁画了钩。■check [transitive] (NAmE) to tick sth标记号；打钩；打对号◆Check the box next to the right answer.在正确答案旁边的方框中打钩。◆Check the names off as the guests arrive.客人到来时请在其姓名上打钩。■highlight [transitive] to mark part of a text with a special coloured pen, or to mark an area on a computer screen, to emphasize it or make it easier to see用荧光笔标记（文本的某部分）；高亮显示（计算机屏幕的某区域）；使醒目◆I've highlighted the important passages in yellow.我用黄色标出了重要段落。◆Highlight the section that you want to delete.高亮选中你想要删除的部分。■flag(-gg-) [transitive] to put a special mark next to information that you think is important标示（重要处）◆I've flagged the paragraphs that we need to look at in more detail.我已用特殊记号标示出我们需要仔细研究的段落。NOTE辨析 Tick, check or flag?When you tick or check sth, you put the particular mark (✓) next to it. When you flag sth you put any kind of mark next to it to show that it is important. * tick和check指打上钩号(✓)，flag指用任何记号标示重要处。■tag(-gg-) [transitive] to fasten a tag(= a small piece of paper, fabric or plastic)onto sb/sth to identify them or give information about them给⋯系上标签◆Each animal was tagged with a number for identification.每只动物都系上了号码牌，以便辨认。 see also tag ⇨ labelnoun
suppress2
verb
suppress a rebellion镇压叛乱suppress a feeling压抑感情suppress ♦︎ control ♦︎ stifle ♦︎ contain ♦︎ restrain ♦︎ keep from sth ♦︎ repress ♦︎ hold sth back ♦︎ check ♦︎ curbThese words all mean to stop yourself from feeling or showing an emotion.这些词均表示对情感加以抑制、克制。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to control / contain / restrain / check yourself◆to restrain / keep yourself from doing sth◆to suppress / control / contain / restrain / repress / hold back / check your anger◆to suppress / control / stifle / restrain / repress / check / curb an impulse◆to suppress / control / stifle / contain / restrain / repress an urge◆to suppress / control / stifle / contain / repress / check a / an feeling / emotion◆to suppress / control / check / curb an instinct◆to control / contain / restrain / curb your impatience◆to suppress / control / contain your excitement◆to control / contain / curb your temper◆to suppress / control / contain / restrain / hold back tears◆to suppress / control / stifle / restrain a smile◆to barely suppress / control / contain / restrain / repress / hold back sth◆to hardly suppress / control / contain / keep from sth■suppress / /səˈpres/ / [transitive] to stop yourself from feeling or showing an emotion or thinking about sth, even though you might want to抑制，控制，忍住（情感或思想）◆She was unable to suppress a giggle.她忍不住笑出声来。◆He had suppressed the painful memories of his childhood.他尽力不去回想那些痛苦的童年记忆。◆Her face was charged with barely suppressed anger.她的脸上充满了勉强忍住的怒火。OPParouse ⇨ stimulate▸suppression
noun
[uncountable] ◆the suppression of emotion / feelings对情感的抑制■control(-ll-) [transitive] to manage to make yourself remain calm, even though you are angry or upset抑制，克制（怒气或不快）◆I was so furious I couldn't control myself and I hit him.我气得无法自制，就打了他。◆The clerk could scarcely control his excitement.那位职员简直无法抑制内心的激动。 see also self-control ⇨ restraint■stifle / /ˈstaɪfl/ / [transitive] to stop yourself from showing how you feel, especially through a physical action such as laughing, crying or yawning忍住，抑制（尤指笑、哭或打哈欠等）◆He stifled the urge to laugh.他抑制住了笑的冲动。◆She managed to stifle a yawn.她设法忍住了呵欠。ⓘ You might stifle a laugh or a yawn because you don't want to seem rude. * stifle可指出于礼貌而忍住大笑或呵欠。■contain [transitive] (written) to keep your emotions under control控制，克制，抑制（感情）◆I was so furious I just couldn't contain myself.我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。◆She could hardly contain her excitement.她几乎无法抑制内心的激动。■restrain / /rɪˈstreɪn/ / [transitive] to stop yourself from feeling an emotion or doing sth that you would like to do, because you realize this might make a situation worse约束（自己）；控制（自己）；忍住◆I restrained the urge to punch him.我抑制住了自己的冲动，没用拳头打他。◆I was tempted to answer back, but I restrained myself.我想还嘴，但忍住了。 see also restraint ⇨ restraint■ˈkeep from sth■ˈkeep yourself from sth
phrasal verb
(kept, kept)to stop yourself from doing sth, especially showing an emotion忍住，克制（尤指不流露感情）◆She could hardly keep herself from laughing out loud.她差一点大声笑起来。◆Caroline bit her lip to keep from telling him how wrong he was.卡罗琳咬着嘴唇，忍住没说出他的错误有多严重。■repress / /rɪˈpres/ / [transitive] (ratherformal) to try hard not to feel or show an emotion克制，抑制，压抑（情感）◆He burst in, making no effort to repress his fury.他闯了进来，毫不掩饰自己的愤怒。◆They tend to hide their emotions and repress their desires.他们往往会掩饰自己的情感并克制自己的欲望。▸repression
noun
[uncountable] ◆sexual repression性压抑NOTE辨析 Suppress or repress?Repress is less frequent and more formal than suppress. Suppress is used more often to describe a deliberate effort to prevent your feelings being seen by other people; repress is a slightly stronger word, often suggesting that you do not want your inner feelings to be expressed at all, even to yourself.与suppress相比，repress较少用，也较正式。suppress更常指故意掩饰自己的感情不让别人看出来；repress语气稍强，常意味着根本不想表露自己的内心感情，甚至对自己也是这样。■ˌhold sth ˈback
phrasal verb
(held, held)to stop yourself expressing how you really feel, especially through laughing or crying抑制，控制（尤指大笑、哭等）；不露声色◆He bravely held back his tears.他勇敢地忍住了自己的眼泪。◆At times he could barely hold back his impatience.有时候他几乎无法控制自己的不耐烦。■check [transitive] (written) to suddenly stop yourself from saying or doing sth or from showing an emotion克制，抑制（说某事、做某事或表露感情）◆She wanted to tell him the whole truth but she checked herself.她本想告诉他全部真相，但又忍住了。◆She made no effort to check her tears and just let them run down her face.她没有克制自己的眼泪，听凭它们顺着脸颊往下流。■curb[transitive] to keep an aspect of your personality under control, especially a bad one or one that is considered bad控制，抑制，约束（尤指不好的性格）◆He needs to learn to curb his temper.他需要学会控制自己的脾气。◆She has to curb her natural exuberance.她只得抑制住自己热情洋溢的性格。
bill
noun
bill ♦︎ account ♦︎ invoice ♦︎ check ♦︎ tabThese are all words for a record of how much you owe for goods or services that you have bought or used.这些词均表示账单、账目。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the bill / invoice / tab / check for sth◆to pay / settle a bill / an account / an invoice / a check◆to pick up the bill / check / tab◆to put sth on the bill / (sb's) account / the tab◆to send / submit a bill / an invoice to a customer◆to ask for / get the bill / check■bill [countable] a list of goods that you have bought or services that you have used, showing how much you owe; the price or cost of sth账单◆the telephone / electricity / gas bill电话费／电费／煤气费账单◆We ran up a massive hotel bill.我们积下了一大笔旅馆费。◆Is the company going to foot the bill(= pay) for the repairs?公司会支付修理费吗？◆I'll be sending you the bill(= I will expect you to pay) for the dry-cleaning!我这就给你发账单付干洗费！◆ (especially BrE) The waiter brought the bill to their table.侍者把账单拿到他们桌边。 see also bill ⇨ chargeverb■account [countable] an arrangement with a shop or business to pay bills for goods or services at a later time, for example in regular amounts every month; the money owed in such an arrangement赊销账；赊欠账；赊欠款◆Put it on my account please.请记在我的赊购账上。◆We have accounts with most of our suppliers.我们与大多数供应商实行赊购制。◆She bought the furniture she wanted on account(= she would pay for it later).她赊购了想要的家具。■invoice [countable] (ratherformal) a bill for goods that sb has bought or work that has been done for sb发票；（发货或服务）费用清单◆The timber merchants sent an invoice for £250.木材商发出了一张250英镑的发票。 see also invoice ⇨ chargeverbNOTE辨析 Bill or invoice?You would get a bill in a restaurant, bar or hotel; from a company that supplies you with gas, electricity, etc.; or from sb whose property you have damaged. An invoice is for goods supplied or work done as agreed between a customer and supplier, and is usually sent after the goods have been delivered or the work finished. * bill指餐馆、酒吧、旅馆或煤气公司、电力公司等开出的账单，也指财产所有者开出的索赔账单。invoice指供求双方按约定发货或提供服务的费用清单，通常于交货或完工后发出。■check [countable] (NAmE) a piece of paper that shows how much you have to pay for the food and drinks that you have had in a restaurant餐饮账单◆Can I have the check, please?请给我结账好吗？ⓘ In British English the usual word for this is bill.在英式英语中表达此义通常用bill。■tab [countable] (ratherinformal) a bill for goods you receive but pay for later, especially for food or drinks in a restaurant or bar; the price or cost of sth（待付的）账单；（尤指）餐饮账单；费用◆a bar tab酒吧账单◆Can I put it on my tab?我可以记账吗？◆He walked out of the restaurant and left me to pick up the tab(= pay) for the whole meal.他走出餐馆，丢下我为整顿饭买单。
inspection
noun
inspection ♦︎ observation ♦︎ check ♦︎ examination ♦︎ audit ♦︎ surveillance ♦︎ survey ♦︎ scan ♦︎ check-upThese are all words for a careful look at sb/sth, especially to check that everything is satisfactory.这些词均表示检查、查看、审视。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(a) detailed inspection / observation / check / examination / audit / survey◆(a) close inspection / observation / check / examination / surveillance◆(a) thorough inspection / check / examination / audit / survey / check-up◆(a) careful inspection / observation / check / examination◆(a) regular inspection / observation / check / examination / audit / surveillance / check-up◆(a / an) routine inspection / check / examination / surveillance / scan / check-up◆a medical inspection / check / examination / check-up◆to carry out / do an inspection / an observation / a check / an examination / an audit / surveillance / a survey / a scan◆to conduct an inspection / a check / an examination / an audit / surveillance / a survey◆to give sb / sth an inspection / a check / an examination / a scan / a check-up◆to have an inspection / a check / an examination / a scan / a check-up◆an inspection / observation / a check / an examination / an audit / a survey / a scan / a check-up reveals / shows sth◆an inspection / observation / a check / an examination / a survey confirms sth■inspection [uncountable, countable] a careful look at sb/sth, especially to check that everything is satisfactory检查；查看；审视◆The documents are available for public inspection.这些文件可供公众查看。◆On closer inspection, the notes proved to be forgeries.经仔细检查，发现这些钞票是假钞。◆The principal went on a tour of inspection of all the classrooms.校长巡视了每一间教室。◆Council officials made one site inspection of the property.市政官员对房产进行了一次实地检查。 see also inspect ⇨ checkverb1■observation [uncountable, countable] the act of watching sb/sth carefully for a period of time, especially to find sth out观察；观测；监视◆Most of the information was collected by direct observation of the animals' behaviour.大部分信息都是通过直接观察动物的行为收集到的。◆We managed to escape observation(= we were not seen).我们设法避开了人们的注意。◆The report is based on scientific observations.报告以科学观测为基础。 see also observe ⇨ lookverb1■check [countable] a close and careful look at sth to make sure that it is safe, correct or in good condition检查，查看（是否安全、正确或状况良好）◆Could you give the tyres a quick check?你能快速检查一下轮胎吗？◆Regular safety checks are conducted on the equipment used in the factory.工厂里使用的设备会定期进行安全检查。◆In a series of spot checks(= checks made without warning), police searched buses crossing the border.警方在一系列突击检查中搜查了跨境公共汽车。 see also check ⇨ checkverb1■examination [uncountable, countable] a close and careful look at sth, especially to find sth out or see if anything is wrong（仔细的）检查，检验，考查◆Careful examination of the ruins revealed an even earlier temple.仔细考查这片废墟后发现了一座更为古老的庙宇。◆Doctors gave him a thorough medical examination.医生给他做了全面的体格检查。 see also examine ⇨ checkverb1■audit / /ˈɔːdɪt/ / [countable] (especially business尤用于商业) an official examination of business and financial records to see that they are true and correct; an official examination of the quality or standard of sth审计；稽核；（质量或标准的）审查，检查◆a tax audit税务审计◆Environmental audits are being carried out by many companies, showing the environmental impact of their activities.许多公司都在做环保审查，明示其活动对环境的影响。 see also audit ⇨ check1■surveillance /sɜːˈveɪləns; NAmEsɜːrˈveɪləns/ [uncountable] the act of carefully watching a person suspected of a crime or a place where a crime may be committed（对犯罪嫌疑人或容易发生犯罪的地方的）监视◆The police are keeping the suspects under constant surveillance.警方对嫌疑人保持不间断监视。■survey [countable] a careful look at an area of land in order to make a map or plan of it测量；勘测；测绘◆They carried out an aerial survey(= made by taking photographs from an aircraft) of the mountains.他们对山脉进行了航测。◆A geological survey revealed the presence of oil beneath the ground.地质勘查显示这块地下面有石油。ⓘ In British English a survey is also a careful look at the condition of a building, usually done for sb who is thinking of buying it.在英式英语中，survey还指为欲购房者所做的房屋查验◆We paid for a detailed structural survey, which identified two areas of dry rot in the attic.我们花钱请人对房屋结构做了详细查验，结果发现阁楼里有两处干朽。■scan [countable] a medical test in which a machine produces a picture of the inside of a person's body on a computer screen, using X-rays or ultrasound扫描检查◆The brain scan revealed no signs of injury.脑部扫描未显示受伤的迹象。■ˈcheck-up [countable] (ratherinformal) an examination of sth, especially a medical examination to make sure that you are healthy检查；（尤指）体格检查◆I went for my regular check-up.我去做了常规体检。
investigation
noun
investigation ♦︎ survey ♦︎ poll ♦︎ enquiry ♦︎ case ♦︎ probe ♦︎ inquest ♦︎ checkThese are all words for a process to find out about sth, especially to find all the facts or the cause of sth.这些词均表示调查、查究，尤指详尽的调查。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an investigation / a survey / an enquiry / a probe / an inquest into sth◆a survey / an inquest / a check on sth / sb◆in a survey / a poll / an enquiry◆a full investigation / survey / enquiry / inquest / check◆an independent investigation / survey / poll / enquiry / probe / inquest / check◆an official investigation / survey / enquiry / probe◆a public investigation / survey / enquiry / inquest◆a murder investigation / enquiry / case / probe◆a police investigation / enquiry / probe / check◆to carry out an investigation / a survey / a poll / an enquiry / a check◆to conduct an investigation / a survey / a poll / an enquiry / an inquest / a check◆to order an investigation / an enquiry / a probe / an inquest◆to launch an investigation / a survey / an enquiry / a probe◆an investigation / a survey / a poll / an enquiry / an inquest / a check reveals / shows sth◆an investigation / a survey / a poll / an enquiry / an inquest finds sth◆the results / findings of an investigation / a survey / a poll / an enquiry / an inquest■investigation [countable, uncountable] an official examination of the facts about a crime, accident or other situation（正式的）调查，侦查◆The police have completed their investigations into the accident.警方已完成对这起事故的调查。◆These are the same methods used in criminal investigations.这些方法跟在刑事调查中所使用的相同。◆She is currently under investigation for possessing illegal drugs.她因持有违禁药物目前正在接受调查。■survey [countable] a process to find out the opinions or behaviour of a particular group of people, which is usually done by asking them questions民意调查；民意测验◆According to the survey, many young adults have experimented with drugs.调查显示很多年轻人尝试过毒品。◆The charity did a survey of people's attitudes to the disabled.慈善机构就民众对残疾人的态度作了一次调查。 see also survey ⇨ surveyverb■poll / /pəʊl; NAmEpoʊl/ [countable] a process of questioning people who are representative of a larger group to get information about general opinions民意测验；民意调查◆Nelson has a clear lead in the opinion polls.纳尔逊在民意测验中明显领先。◆A nationwide poll revealed differences in food preferences between the North and South.一项全国范围的民意调查显示北方人和南方人对食物各有所好。 see also exit poll,straw poll ⇨ election, poll ⇨ surveyverb■enquiry ( inquiry, especially in NAmE) [countable] an official process to find out the cause of sth or to find out information about sth（正式的）调查，查究，查问◆There will be a public enquiry into the impact of the proposed new road.对拟建新路的影响将进行公开调查。◆ (formal) The director has been suspended on full pay pending an internal enquiry.该董事已被停职，仍领全薪，等候内部调查。■case [countable] a matter that is being officially investigated, especially by the police（尤指警方）侦查的案情，调查的案件◆A detective is on the case at the moment.一名侦探正在调查此案。◆Four police officers are investigating the case.四名警察在调查此案。◆They never solved the Jones murder case.琼斯谋杀案一直未能侦破。■probe [countable] (journalism新闻) a thorough and careful investigation into sth, especially sth that might be illegal（尤指对涉嫌违法之事的）探究，详尽调查◆There is to be a police probe into the financial affairs of the company.警方将对这家公司的财务进行详细调查。◆Arson probe after three die in blaze(= in a news headline)三人葬身烈焰，已展开纵火调查■inquest /ˈɪŋkwest/ / [countable] an official process to find out the cause of sb's death, especially when it has not happened naturally; a discussion about sth that has failed死因审理；验尸；勘验；（对失败之事所作的）检讨◆There will be a coroner's inquest into his death.将进行验尸以探究他的死因。◆There will inevitably be an inquest into the team's poor performance.对该队的差劲表现必然要进行检讨。■check [countable] (ratherinformal) an investigation to find out more information about sth调查；审查◆Was any check made on Mr Morris when he applied for the job?莫里斯先生申请这个职位时对他进行过调查吗？◆The police ran a check on the registration number of the car.警方对那辆车的牌照号码进行了调查。
limit1
noun
a speed/time/age limit速度／时间／年龄限制a limit to what we can do我们做事能力的限度limit ♦︎ restriction ♦︎ control ♦︎ constraint ♦︎ restraint ♦︎ limitation ♦︎ ceiling ♦︎ curb ♦︎ checkThese are all words for sth that limits what you can do or what can happen.这些词均表示限制、限定、制约。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / a ceiling / curbs / checks on sth◆limits / limitations / checks to sth◆without limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / checks◆severe limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / checks◆tight limits / restrictions / controls / constraints◆effective limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints◆an artificial limit / restriction / constraint◆to impose limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / a ceiling / curbs / checks◆to place limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / a ceiling / checks◆to introduce limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / limitations / curbs / checks◆to remove / accept limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations◆to lift restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / the ceiling◆to tighten / relax restrictions / controls / constraints◆to act as a control / constraint / restraint / limitation / ceiling / curb / check■limit [countable] the greatest or smallest amount of sth that is allowed极限；限量；限额◆The EU has set strict limits on pollution levels.欧盟对污染程度定下了严格的限制。◆He admitted that he had broken the speed limit.他承认超速驾驶。◆You can't drive－you're over the limit(= you have drunk more alcohol than is legal when driving).你饮酒过量，不能驾车。◆It is our job to keep government spending within acceptable limits.我们的职责是使政府的开支保持在可接受的限额内。 see also limit ⇨ confine sb/sth to sthphrasal verb■restriction [countable] (ratherformal) a rule or law that limits what you can do限制规定；限制法规◆Speed restrictions are in operation on the M4 due to poor visibility.由于能见度低，M4高速公路正在实施限速。◆The government has agreed to lift restrictions on press freedom.政府已经同意取消对新闻自由的限制。◆There are no restrictions on the amount of money you can withdraw.取款没有限额。 see also restrict ⇨ confine sb/sth to sthphrasal verb■control [uncountable, countable] (often in compounds常构成复合词) the act of limiting or managing sth; a method of doing this限制；管制；约束◆traffic control交通管制◆talks on arms control军备控制谈判◆A new advance has been made in the control of malaria.在控制疟疾方面已取得新的进展。◆government controls on trade and industry政府对工商业的管理◆Price controls on food were ended.对食品价格的控制已告结束。◆A pest control officer was called in to deal with the rat problem.一名虫害防治员被请来应对鼠害问题。■constraint [countable] (ratherformal) a fact or decision that limits what you can do限制；限定；约束◆We have to work within severe constraints of time and money.我们不得不在时间紧迫、资金紧缺的限制下工作。◆This decision will impose serious financial constraints on all schools.这项决定将使所有学校受到严格的财务限制。 see also constrain ⇨ confine sb/sth to sthphrasal verb■restraint [countable, usually plural, uncountable] (ratherformal) a decision, rule, idea, etc. that limits what you can do; the act of limiting sth because it is necessary or sensible to do so管制措施；制约因素；（必要或合理的）控制，限制◆The government has imposed export restraints on some products.政府对一些产品实行了出口限制。◆There are certain social restraints on drinking alcohol.在饮酒方面存在着某些社会制约因素。◆The unions are unlikely to accept any sort of wage restraint.这些工会不可能接受任何形式的工资限制。◆They said that they would fight without restraint(= completely freely) for what they wanted.他们说，为达目的，他们会无所顾忌地抗争到底。■limitation [uncountable, countable] the act or process of limiting sth; a rule, fact or condition that limits sth限制；控制；限制措施；制约条件◆They would resist any limitation of their powers.他们会抵制对他们权力的任何限制。◆Disability is a physical limitation on your life.残疾在生理上限制了你的生活。◆There should be no limitations to progress in the talks.谈判的进展情况不应受到任何制约。NOTE辨析 Restriction, constraint, restraint or limitation?These are all things that limit what you can do. A restriction is rule or law that is made by sb in authority. A constraint is sth that exists rather than sth that is made, although it may exist as a result of sb's decision. A restraint is also sth that exists: it can exist outside yourself, as the result of sb else's decision; but it can also exist inside you, as a fear of what other people may think or as your own feeling about what is acceptable.这些词均表示限制，其中restriction指权威人士制定的规定或法规；constraint指现存的限制或约束而非作出的规定，尽管这种约束也可能是因他人的决定而存在；restraint也指现存的限制或制约因素，既可能指自身之外的因素，如他人的决定；也可能指自身因素，如担心别人的想法或顾虑自己的做法能否被接受◆moral / social / cultural / conventional restraints道德／社会／文化／习俗的制约因素A limitation is more general and can be a rule that sb makes or a fact or condition that exists. * limitation使用比较普遍，可指某人作出的限制规定，也可指现存的制约因素或条件。■ceiling [countable] the highest limit on sth such as prices or wages（价格、工资等的）最高限度，上限，最大限量◆They have put a ceiling on the price of fuel.他们规定了燃料价格的上限。◆The government has decided to lift price ceilings on bread and milk.政府已决定取消对面包和牛奶的最高限价。■curb /kɜːb; NAmEkɜːrb/ [countable] a rule or action that limits the level, amount or degree of sth（对水平、数量或程度）起限制作用的规定（或行为）◆We are in favour of strict curbs on government spending.我们赞成对政府开支采取严格限制措施。◆Counselling acted as a curb on his violent behaviour.心理咨询对他的暴力行为起到了抑制作用。■check [countable] (ratherformal) something that slows down the progress of sth else or stops it from getting worse阻碍进程的事物；防止恶化的事物◆A cold spring will provide a natural check on the number of insects.寒冷的春季会自然控制昆虫的数量。◆The House of Commons became the most fundamental check to the power of the British monarchy.下议院对英国君主的权力起到了最根本的制衡作用。