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citizen noun
⇨ citizen (an Australian citizen) ⇨ resident (law-abiding citizens) citizen noun citizen ♦︎ voter ♦︎ taxpayer ♦︎ native ♦︎ national ♦︎ subjectThese are all words for a person who belongs to a particular country and has legal rights there. 这些词均表示公民、国民。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a citizen / native / national of a country◆a British citizen / voter / taxpayer / national / subject◆a US / Australian, etc. citizen / voter / taxpayer / national◆an ordinary / average citizen / voter / taxpayer◆a foreign / fellow citizen / national■ citizen [countable] a person who has the legal right to belong to a particular country 公民◆She's Italian by birth, but is now an Australian citizen.她生于意大利，但现在是澳大利亚公民。 see also citizen ⇨ resident ▸ citizenship noun [uncountable] ◆You can apply for citizenship after five years' residency.居住满五年可申请公民身份。■ voter [countable] a person who votes or has the right to vote, especially in a political election （尤指政治选举中的）投票人，选举人，有选举权的人◆Only 60% of eligible voters actually used their vote.只有60%的合资格选民行使了选举权。■ taxpayer / /ˈtækspeɪə(r)/ / [countable] a person who pays tax to the government, especially on the money that they earn 纳税人◆The changes make an average taxpayer £2.50 a week better off.这些改革使纳税人平均每周少交2.50英镑的税。◆Hundreds of thousands of pounds of taxpayers' money have been spent on the project.这个项目已经花上纳税人的几十万英镑。ⓘ The taxpayer is often used to refer to the ordinary people of a country as a group, when talking about government spending. 在谈论政府支出时，taxpayer常指一国的老百姓群体◆What is the cost to the taxpayer of hosting the Olympics?举办奥运会要花纳税人多少钱？◆Should politicians be able to travel first class at the taxpayer's expense?政客出行能花纳税人的钱坐头等舱吗？◆It was estimated to have cost the US taxpayer $35 billion.据估计，这花费了美国纳税人350亿美元。 ■ native [countable] a person who was born in a particular country or area 出生于某国（或某地）的人◆She was not a native of the island, but had lived there for many years.她不是在那个岛出生的，但在那儿生活了很多年。 see also native ⇨ resident noun , native ⇨ cultural adj. ■ national [countable] (rather formal) a person who belongs to a particular country （某国的）公民◆The government has advised British nationals to leave the area.政府建议英国公民离开该地区。ⓘ Nationals is used especially when talking about people of a particular nationality who are abroad, for example living and working in a foreign country. * national尤指在国外生活、工作的侨民。▸ nationality / /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/ / noun [uncountable, countable] ◆She has dual nationality (= is a citizen of two countries).她有双重国籍。◆The college attracts students of all nationalities.这所大学吸引着各国的学生。■ subject [countable] (rather formal) a person who has the right to belong to a particular country, especially one with a king or queen （尤指君主制国家的）国民，臣民◆British subjects and Commonwealth citizens do not need visas.英国国民和英联邦公民不需要签证。◆The prince had to tax his subjects heavily to raise money for the war.国王不得不对他的臣民征重税来为战争筹款。 resident noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ tenant 另见tenant条resident ♦︎ citizen ♦︎ inhabitant ♦︎ dweller ♦︎ householder ♦︎ local ♦︎ nativeThese are all words for a person who lives in a particular place. 这些词均表示居民、居住者。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆local residents / citizens / inhabitants / householders◆rural residents / inhabitants / dwellers / householders◆city / urban residents / dwellers◆permanent residents / inhabitants◆private citizens / householders■ resident / /ˈrezɪdənt/ / [countable] a person who lives in a particular place or who has their home there 居民；住户◆There were confrontations between local residents and the police.当地居民和警察之间有过冲突。◆Japan has more than 1.1 million registered foreign residents.在日本登记的外国居民超过110万人。 see also reside ⇨ live ■ citizen / /ˈsɪtɪzn/ / [countable] a person who lives in a particular place 居民；市民◆She is a prominent citizen of the town.她是那个城市的杰出市民。◆The king was visiting France as a private citizen (= not as a head of state).国王正以私人身份访问法国。ⓘ Citizen is used especially to make a comment about people's character or status as members of the community. * citizen尤用于评论人的品质或作为社会成员的地位◆This terrible crime has shocked all law-abiding citizens.这桩可怕的罪行震惊了所有守法公民。◆When you're old, people treat you like a second-class citizen (= with fewer rights than other people).你老了以后，人们就把你当二等公民对待。 see also citizen ⇨ citizen ■ inhabitant / /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/ / [countable] a person or animal that lives in a particular place （某地的）居民，栖息动物◆It is a town of about 10 000 inhabitants.这是一个有约1万名居民的城镇。◆He is Brixham's oldest inhabitant.他是布里克瑟姆最早的居民。◆The island's earliest inhabitants came from India.岛上最早的居民来自印度。 see also inhabit ⇨ live NOTE 辨析 Resident or inhabitant? Resident is the most general word here and can refer simply to all the people who live in a town, area or country. It can also refer to people who have their home in a particular place for official purposes, for example for paying tax. A resident is usually part of a modern society, living in a house or flat in a village, town or city. Inhabitant can be used in a similar way, or it can refer to people (or animals) living a more basic life either in the past or in a wilder environment. * resident在本组词中含义最宽泛，可指居住在某个城镇、地区或国家的所有人，亦可指出于纳税等公务目的将家安在某处的人。resident通常指住在村镇或城市房子或公寓的居民，是现代社会的一部分。inhabitant有类似用法，也可指生活在过去或是比较荒蛮的环境中生活较为简朴的人，还可指生存在某处的动物◆the inhabitants of the rainforest / tundra / remote islands热带雨林／苔原／偏远岛屿的居民 ■ dweller [countable] (especially in compounds 尤用于构成复合词) (rather formal, written) a person or animal that lives in the particular place that is mentioned 居民；居住者；栖身者◆The disease spread quickly among the poor slum dwellers of the city.这种疾病在那座城市的贫民窟迅速蔓延。◆Almost all Asian hornbills are forest dwellers.几乎所有的亚洲犀鸟都栖身于森林。■ householder /ˈhaʊshəʊldə(r); NAmE ˈhaʊshoʊldər/ [countable] (formal) a person who owns or rents the house that they live in 房主；住户◆Single householders receive a 20% discount on their council tax.单身户主缴纳市政税享有20%的减税。■ local [countable, usually plural] a person who lives in a particular place or area, especially compared with people coming from outside 当地人，本地人（尤与外地人相对）◆The locals are very friendly.当地人很友好。◆Tensions have been growing between students and locals in the area.那个地区的学生和当地居民之间关系日益紧张。■ native [countable] a person who lives in a particular place, usually sb who has lived there a long time, and especially compared with tourists or foreigners 本地人，当地人（尤与游客或外国人相对）◆You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives.游客与当地人的区别一望便知。◆She speaks Italian like a native.她的意大利语说得和意大利人一样。ⓘ In the past the word native was used by Europeans to describe a person who lived in a place originally, before white people arrived there. This use of the word is now considered offensive and should be avoided. When using native simply to mean sb who has lived in a place for a long time, make it clear that the contrast is with tourists or foreigners (especially those who speak a different language), not with white people or Westerners. In many cases it may be better to use local instead. 在过去，欧洲人用native一词指某地在白人来到之前的原住民、土著，这一用法如今被视为冒犯，应当避免。用native表示在某地住了很长时间的当地人时，要说清楚是与游客或外国人（尤其是讲别种语言的）相对而言的，而不是与白人或西方人相对。在许多情况下，用local可能会更好◆You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the locals.游客与当地人的区别一望便知。However, in the context of language, use native. 不过，谈论语言时，用native◆She speaks Italian like a local. see also native ⇨ citizen noun , native ⇨ cultural adj. |