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break4 verb break a window/leg 打破窗户；摔断腿a machine breaks 机器坏了break the law 违反法律break a promise 违背诺言break ♦︎ withdraw ♦︎ do a U-turn ♦︎ retract ♦︎ recant ♦︎ take sth back ♦︎ backtrack ♦︎ go back on sthThese words all mean to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise. 这些词均表示改变、撤回原先的声明、观点或承诺。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to break / withdraw / go back on a promise◆to break / go back on your word / an agreement◆to withdraw / retract a / an claim / allegation / confession■ break [transitive] to not keep a promise or agreement 违背（诺言或协议）◆I've never broken my word; why should I do it now?我从未食言过，为什么现在要这么做？◆She has already broken three appointments (= not gone to them).她已经爽约三次了。OPP keep ⇨ keep 5 ■ withdraw / /wɪðˈdrɔː, wɪθˈdrɔː/ (withdrew, withdrawn) [transitive] (formal) to say that you no longer believe that sth you previously said is true 收回，撤回，撤销（说过的话）◆The newspaper withdrew the allegations the next day.这家报纸第二天收回了那些说法。■ ˌdo a ˈU-turn (informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to make a complete change in policy or behaviour, usually one that is embarrassing （在政策或行为上）作出（令人尴尬的）彻底转变◆The Prime Minister may be forced to do another humiliating U-turn on Europe.首相在欧洲政策上也许再一次被迫做出不光彩的180度大转变。ⓘ Do a U-turn is most often found in contexts relating to politics and business. Because doing a U-turn is seen as being an embarrassing experience, it is usually used with verbs such as have to and be forced to. * do a U-turn最常出现在与政治和商业相关的语境里。由于do a U-turn被视作令人尴尬的做法，故通常与have to、be forced to等动词连用。 see also U-turn ⇨ revolution 2 ■ retract /rɪˈtrækt/ / [transitive] (formal) to say that sth you said earlier is not true or correct or that you did not mean it 撤销，收回（说过的话）◆He made a false confession which he later retracted.他作了假供词，后来又翻供。 see also retraction ⇨ denial NOTE 辨析 Withdraw or retract?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆to withdraw / retract a claim / an allegation / a confession撤销声明／说法／供词However, retract is used more often when sb has been forced to say sth (like a false confession) that they did not really mean and wish to give their true opinion; withdraw is used more often when sb has made a claim or accusation against sb that they cannot prove, and is forced to admit that it is not true. 不过，某人被迫说了本意不想说的话（如假供词），但希望能说出真实的看法时较常用retract；某人作出了针对他人未经证实的断言或指控，被迫承认所言非实时较常用withdraw。 ■ recant / /rɪˈkænt/ / [transitive, intransitive] (formal) (especially in the past) to say publicly that you no longer have the same belief or opinion （尤指旧时）公开宣布放弃（原先的信仰或观点）◆In 1633 he was forced to recant his assertion that the earth orbited the sun.他在1633年被迫公开宣布放弃地球围绕太阳运转的断言。■ ˌtake sth ˈback phrasal verb (took, taken) (rather informal, especially spoken) to admit that sth you said was wrong or that you should not have said it 收回，撤回（说过的不当的话）◆OK, I take it all back!好吧，我把我说过的话统统收回！ⓘ Take sth back is most often used in spoken expressions such as Would you like to take that back? (said to sb who has just offended the speaker), Can I take that back? or I take it (all) back. * take sth back最常用于口语表达，如Would you like to take that back?（你愿意收回那句话吗？）；Can I take that back?（我可以收回那句话吗？）；I take it (all) back.（我把我说过的话（统统）收回。）■ backtrack / /ˈbæktræk/ / [intransitive] (especially business 尤用于商业 or politics 政治) to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise because of pressure from sb/sth （屈于压力而）改变声明（或主张），出尔反尔；退缩◆The trade unions have had to backtrack on their main demand.工会不得不改变了主要的诉求。■ ˌgo ˈback on sth phrasal verb (goes, sent, gone) (rather informal) to fail to keep a promise; to change your mind about sth 违背承诺；食言；改变主意◆They have no intention of going back on any of their commitments.他们无意背弃他们作出的任何承诺。 |