| 例句 |
rule sb/sth out phrase
⇨ excluderule sb/sth out phrase
⇨ preventexclude1 verb exclude sugar from your diet 饮食中不含糖分exclude sb from a club 阻止某人加入俱乐部exclude ♦︎ eliminate ♦︎ rule sb/sth outThese words all mean to deliberately not include sth or decide sth is not possible. 这些词均表示不包括、排除在外。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to exclude / eliminate / rule out sth as sth◆to exclude / eliminate sth from sth◆to be excluded / eliminated / ruled out by sb / sth◆to exclude / eliminate / rule out a / an possibility / explanation◆to eliminate / rule out sb as a suspect◆to exclude / rule out the idea of sth◆to completely / entirely / totally / effectively exclude / eliminate / rule out sth■ exclude [transitive] to deliberately not include sth in what you are doing or considering; to decide that sth is not possible or cannot be true 不包括；不放在考虑之列；排除⋯的可能性◆The cost of borrowing has been excluded from the inflation figures.通胀数字未包括借贷成本。◆Try to exclude sugar and fat from your diet.日常饮食中尽量不含糖分和脂肪。◆Buses run every hour, Sundays excluded.公共汽车每小时一班，星期天除外。◆We should not exclude the possibility of negotiation.我们不应该排除谈判的可能性。◆The police have excluded theft as a motive for the murder.警方已经排除了这起杀人案的偷窃动机。 OPP include ⇨ include 1 ▸ excluding adjective ◆Lunch costs £10 per person, excluding drinks.午餐每人10英镑，酒水除外。 OPP including ⇨ include verb 1 ▸ exclusion / /ɪkˈskluːʒn/ / noun [uncountable, countable] ◆Memories of the past filled her mind to the exclusion of all else.她满脑子全是对过去的回忆，根本不想别的。 OPP inclusion ⇨ include verb 1 ■ eliminate / /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to decide that sth cannot be true 排除⋯的可能性◆The police have eliminated two suspects from their investigation.警方已从调查对象中排除了两名嫌疑人。◆Malaria was eliminated as a cause of death.已经排除了疟疾致死的可能性。◆We can only be certain once we have eliminated every other possible explanation.我们只有在排除了其他解释的可能性之后才能肯定。▸ elimination noun [uncountable] ◆You can crack the code by a process of elimination.可以通过排除法破解密码。■ ˌrule sb/sth ˈout phrasal verb to decide or state that sth is not possible or that sb/sth is not suitable 把⋯排除在外；认为⋯不适合◆The proposed solution was ruled out as too expensive.提出的解决方案被认为花钱太多而遭否决。◆We aren't ruling anything out at this stage.在目前这个阶段，我们不排除任何可能性。◆He has not explicitly ruled out increasing taxes.他没有明确表明不加税。 prevent verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ thwart 另见thwart条prevent ♦︎ stop ♦︎ avoid ♦︎ keep sb from sth ♦︎ avert ♦︎ preclude ♦︎ rule sb/sth out ♦︎ restrainThese words all mean to cause sth not to happen or sb not to do sth. 这些词均表示阻止、阻碍。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to prevent / stop / keep / preclude / restrain sb from doing sth◆to prevent sb / stop / avoid / preclude doing sth◆to prevent / stop / avoid / avert a / an crisis / accident◆to prevent / avoid / avert a disaster / catastrophe / tragedy / conflict◆to prevent / stop the spread of sth◆to prevent / avoid / preclude / rule out the possibility of sth◆to prevent / avoid / preclude the need / necessity for sth / to do sth◆to forcibly / physically prevent / stop / restrain sb / sth◆to narrowly avoid / avert sth◆to prevent / avoid sth altogether / at all costs■ prevent [transitive] to cause sth not to happen or sb not to do sth, especially by taking action before it happens （尤指事先采取行动）阻止，阻碍，防止◆These strategies are aimed at preventing crime.这些部署目的在于防止犯罪。◆He is prevented by law from holding a licence.按照法律他不准持有执照。◆Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against injustice.什么也阻挡不了他站出来鸣不平。 see also preventive ⇨ protective ▸ prevention noun [uncountable] ◆accident / crime prevention防止事故／犯罪◆the prevention of disease疾病的预防■ stop (-pp-) [transitive] to prevent sb from doing sth; to prevent sth from happening 阻止；阻碍；防止◆I want to go and you can't stop me.我要走，你拦不住我。◆The activists failed to stop the tests from going ahead.活动人士没能阻止试验进行。◆There's nothing to stop you from accepting the offer.你尽可以接受那个提议。NOTE 辨析 Prevent or stop?In many cases you can use either word, although stop is less formal. Prevent is more likely to suggest action that sb plans in advance so that sth does not even start to happen; stop is used more to talk about immediate action that sb takes to end sth that is already in progress. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，但是stop不如prevent正式。prevent较多指事先采取行动预防某事发生，stop较多指即刻采取行动使正在发生的事情不得继续。■ avoid [transitive] to prevent sth bad from happening 避免，防止（坏事发生）◆The accident could have been avoided.这个事故本来是可以避免的。◆They narrowly avoided defeat in the semi-final.他们在半决赛中险遭失败。◆Getting involved in a court case is something to be avoided at all costs.有时要不惜一切代价避免卷入官司。■ ˈkeep sb from sth phrasal verb (kept, kept)to prevent sb from doing sth that they want or need to do 阻止，防止，阻碍（某人做想做或该做的事）◆I hope I'm not keeping you from your work.我希望没有妨碍你工作。◆The church bells keep me from sleeping.教堂的钟声使我不能入睡。■ avert / /əˈvɜːt; NAmE əˈvɜːrt/ [transitive] (written) to prevent sth bad or dangerous from happening, especially sth that was likely to happen soon 防止，避免（尤指即将发生的坏事或危险）◆A disaster was narrowly averted.及时避免了一场灾难。◆He did his best to avert suspicion.他尽量不引起怀疑。◆Talks are taking place in an attempt to avert a strike.正在进行谈判以避免出现罢工的局面。■ preclude /prɪˈkluːd/ / [transitive] (formal) to prevent sth from happening or sb from doing sth; to make sth impossible 阻止；妨碍；排除◆Lack of time precludes further discussion.由于时间有限，不可能进行深入讨论。◆His religious beliefs precluded him serving in the army.他的宗教信仰使他无法服兵役。ⓘ Circumstances and events, not people, preclude things. * preclude的主语是情况和事件，而不是人。■ ˌrule sb/sth ˈout phrasal verb to prevent sb from doing sth or sth from happening, especially by making it impossible according to rules or practical considerations （尤指依规定或实际考虑）阻止，防止◆His age effectively ruled him out as a possible candidate.他的年龄使他根本不可能成为候选人。◆Common sense and logistics ruled out this option.基于常识和后勤组织安排方面的考虑，这一备选方案给排除了。■ restrain / /rɪˈstreɪn/ / [transitive] (rather formal, written) to prevent sb/sth from doing sth, especially by using physical force （尤指用武力）阻止，制止◆I had to restrain her from hitting out at passers-by.我得强行制止她袭击路人。 |