scrap noun ⇨bit (a scrap of paper/news)⇨remains2 (food scraps)⇨waste (scrap metal)scrap verb ⇨abolish (scrap plans)⇨remove1 (scrap aircraft)
bit
noun
➡ See also the entries for ⇨ fragment and ⇨ piece另见fragment条和piece条bit ♦︎ piece ♦︎ scrap ♦︎ grain ♦︎ particle ♦︎ morsel ♦︎ speckThese are all words for a small amount of sth.这些词均表示小量、些许。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a bit / piece / scrap / grain / particle / morsel / speck of sth◆a small / tiny bit / piece / scrap / grain / particle / morsel / speck◆a little bit / piece / scrap / speck◆a large bit / piece / particle◆odd bits / pieces / scraps◆a grain / particle / speck of dust◆a bit / piece / scrap of information / news◆a bit / piece / scrap of paper◆to smash sth to bits / pieces◆to pick up the bits / pieces of sth■bit [countable] (especially BrE, ratherinformal) a small amount or part of sth小量；小块◆Do you want a bit of pizza?你想来点儿比萨饼吗？◆Can you save me a bit?你能给我留一点儿吗？◆You've got bits of grass in your hair.你头发里有些草屑。◆A big bit of plaster just fell down from the ceiling.一大块灰泥刚刚从天花板上掉下来。◆I've got a bit of shopping to do.我要买点东西。◆With a bit of luck, we'll be there by 12.如果顺利点，我们将于12点钟赶到那里。■piece [countable] one of the bits or parts that sth breaks into; a single example or an amount of sth碎片；碎块；一条；一项；一点◆There were tiny pieces of glass all over the road.路上到处都是碎玻璃碴儿。◆The vase lay in pieces on the floor.花瓶碎片散落在地上。◆It was an interesting piece of research.那是一项有趣的研究。ⓘ A piece of can be used with many different uncountable nouns, including advice, bread, chewing gum, equipment, furniture, information, luck, luggage, news, paper and research. * a piece of可以跟很多不同的不可数名词连用，包括advice、bread、chewing gum、equipment、furniture、information、luck、luggage、news、paper和research。➡ See also the entry for ⇨ piece另见piece条■scrap [countable] a small piece of sth, especially paper, fabric or information碎片，小块，一丁点儿（尤指纸、织物或信息）◆She scribbled his phone number on a scrap of paper.她把他的电话号码匆匆写在了一张小纸片上。◆We need to check every scrap of information that might give us a clue as to what happened.有可能向我们提供事发真相线索的所有零星信息，我们都得逐一核实。■grain [countable] a small hard piece of a particular substance颗粒；细粒◆She sprinkled a few more grains of rice into the pan.她又往平底锅里撒了几粒大米。◆I got a grain of sand caught in my eye.我眼里进了一粒沙。ⓘ Grain is used especially in the following collocations * grain尤用于下面的搭配◆a grain of rice / wheat / salt / sugar / sand一粒大米／小麦／盐／砂糖／沙■particle /ˈpɑːtɪkl; NAmEˈpɑːrtɪkl/ [countable] a very small piece of sth颗粒；微粒◆He watched the particles of dust floating in the light.他看着灰尘在光线里浮动。◆There was not a particle of evidence(= no evidence at all) to prove his case.没有丝毫证实他辩词的证据。■morsel /ˈmɔːsl; NAmEˈmɔːrsl/ [countable] (ratherformal) a small amount or piece of sth, especially food少量，一块（尤指食物）◆They put out some tasty morsels for the hedgehogs.他们为那些刺猬预备了一些可口的食物。■speck [countable] a small piece of sth, especially dirt or dust一丁点儿（尤指污垢或灰尘）◆There wasn't a speck of dirt anywhere.到处都一尘不染。◆He brushed a few specks of dust from his sleeve.他掸掉衣袖上的些许尘埃。
remains2
noun
prehistoric remains史前遗迹the remains of a sandwich吃剩的三明治remains ♦︎ remnant ♦︎ scraps ♦︎ leftoverThese are all words for what is left of sth after most of it has been eaten, used, removed or destroyed.这些词均表示吃剩、用剩、移除或毁掉后的残留物、剩余物。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆remains / remnants / scraps / leftovers from / of sth◆the last remains / remnants / scraps◆surviving remains / remnants◆the remains / remnants of a meal◆a remnant / leftover from the days when...■remains [plural] the parts of sth that are left after the other parts have been used, eaten, removed or destroyed剩余物；残留物；剩饭菜◆She sat watching some birds pecking at the remains of a sandwich that someone had dropped.她坐在那儿看着一些鸟儿在啄食有人丢下的剩三明治。◆In the middle of the clearing were the charred remains of a small fire.空地中间有一处小火烧焦的残迹。■remnant / /ˈremnənt/ / [countable, usually plural] (ratherformal) a part of sth that is left after the other parts have been used, removed or destroyed残余部分；剩余部分◆The woods are remnants of a huge forest which once covered the whole area.这片树林只是剩下的一部分，原来这一带是一大片森林。◆The institution is a remnant from the past.这个机构是由过去的机构精简而成的。NOTE辨析 Remains or remnant?Remains is used especially to talk about what is left of sth that has mostly been eaten or burnt. * remains尤指大部分被吃掉或烧毁后的残余◆the remains of a meal / sandwich / breakfast / lunch剩饭；吃剩的三明治／早餐／午餐◆the remnant of a meal/sandwich/breakfast/lunch◆the charred remnant of a small fireRemnant is mostly used to talk about much larger things that have become much smaller, either in the course of history or because of some great event. * remnant主要指原本大得多的事物在历史过程中或因一些大事件缩减留下的一小部分◆the remnants of a forest / an empire / an army森林残留下来的部分；帝国／军队的残余■scraps [plural] small pieces of food left after a meal残羹剩饭◆Give the scraps to the dog.把剩菜喂狗吧。■leftover /ˈleftəʊvə(r); NAmEˈleftoʊvər/ [countable] food that has not been eaten at the end of a meal; an object, custom or way of behaving that remains from an earlier time吃剩的食物；遗留物；残存物；遗留下来的风俗（或行为习惯）◆You've always got good ideas for using up leftovers.你总是有充分利用剩饭菜的好主意。◆He's a leftover from the 1960s(= he acts or dresses like people did in the 1960s).他留有20世纪60年代的做派。 see also leftover ⇨ excessadj.
waste
noun
waste ♦︎ garbage ♦︎ rubbish ♦︎ trash ♦︎ litter ♦︎ debris ♦︎ scrap ♦︎ refuseThese are all words for things that are no longer needed and are thrown away or left somewhere.这些词均表示废物、垃圾。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆organic waste / garbage / rubbish / debris◆household / domestic waste / garbage / rubbish / trash / refuse◆to dump waste / garbage / rubbish / trash / debris / refuse◆to produce waste / garbage / rubbish / trash / debris◆to take out the garbage / rubbish / trash◆waste / garbage / rubbish / trash / refuse disposal / collection◆a waste / garbage / rubbish / trash dump◆a garbage / rubbish / trash / scrap heap◆a waste / rubbish / trash / litter bin◆a garbage / trash can■waste [uncountable] ( technical术语wastes [plural]) materials that are no longer needed and are thrown away废料；废物；垃圾◆Around four million tons of industrial waste are disposed of each year.每年处理约400万吨工业废料。◆the disposal of toxic / radioactive wastes有毒废物／辐射废料的处理◆Waste water is pumped from the factory into a nearby river.废水从工厂排到附近的河里。■garbage [uncountable] (especially NAmE) waste, especially food and other wet material（尤指食物等湿的）垃圾，废物◆The garbage cans had just been emptied.垃圾箱刚刚清空。◆The canal is full of garbage and bits of wood.运河里尽是些垃圾和碎木头。■rubbish [uncountable] (especially BrE) waste, especially paper, cardboard and other dry material that is thrown away by individual people and households（尤指纸张、纸板等干的）垃圾，废弃物，生活垃圾◆The streets were littered with rubbish.街上到处是垃圾。◆Over a third of British household rubbish is packaging.英国人的生活垃圾超过三分之一来自于包装。 see also junk ⇨ thing3■trash [uncountable] (NAmE) waste, especially paper, cardboard and other dry material（尤指纸张、纸板等干的）垃圾，废物◆The subway entrance was blocked with trash.地铁入口处堆满了废物。◆What are these letters doing in the trash?这些信为什么会丢在垃圾里？◆Don't forget to take out the trash.别忘了把垃圾带走。■litter [uncountable] small pieces of rubbish/trash such as paper, cans and bottles, that people have left lying in a public place（丢弃在公共场所的）垃圾，杂物，废弃物（如纸张、罐、瓶等）◆There will be fines for people who drop litter.乱扔垃圾的人将处罚款。■debris / /ˈdebriː, ˈdeɪbriː; NAmEdəˈbriː/ [uncountable] (formal) pieces of material that are left somewhere where they are not wanted残渣；废弃物；垃圾◆Clear away leaves and other garden debris from the pond.把池塘里的树叶和其他庭园垃圾清除干净。■scrap [uncountable] things that are not wanted or cannot be used for their original purpose, but which have some value for the material they are made of（可加以利用的）废料，废品◆We sold the car for scrap(= so that any good parts could be used again).我们把车卖废品了。◆scrap metal / iron废金属；废铁 see also scrap ⇨ remove1■refuse /ˈrefjuːs/ / [uncountable] (formal) waste material that has been thrown away废弃物；垃圾◆Domestic refuse can be burnt to produce electricity.生活垃圾可以焚烧以发电。NOTE辨析 Waste, garbage, rubbish, trash or refuse?Rubbish is the usual word in British English for the things that you throw away because you no longer want or need them. Garbage and trash are both used in American English. Inside the home, garbage tends to mean waste food and other wet material; trash more often refers to paper, cardboard and dry material, although you can in fact use either word for either type of waste. Waste is used especially when it is considered in very large amounts, and is not often used in the context of the home. It is a general word which can also refer to the solids and liquids that the human body no longer needs.在英式英语中，表示垃圾或废物的常用词是rubbish。garbage和trash皆用于美式英语。在家居生活中，garbage常常指残羹剩饭等湿润的废弃物，trash常指纸张、纸板等干燥的废物，尽管两个词也可以通用。waste尤指大量的垃圾，不常用于家庭生活的语境。waste含义很广，还可指人体的排泄物◆There were no toilet facilities and no way to dispose of human waste in a sanitary manner.没有卫生间设备，因此无法卫生地处理排泄物。In British English you put your rubbish in a dustbin in the street to be collected by the dustmen. In American English your garbage and trash go in a garbage/trash can in the street and is collected by garbage men/collectors. Refuse is a formal word and is used in both British and American English. Refuse collector is the formal word for a dustman or garbage collector.在英式英语中，垃圾是rubbish，街上的垃圾箱是dustbin，清理垃圾的人是dustman。在美式英语中，垃圾是garbage或trash，街上的垃圾箱是garbage/trash can，清理垃圾的人是garbage man/collector。refuse一词用法正式，在英式英语和美式英语中均可使用，refuse collector与dustman或garbage collector同义，但用法正式。 see also junk ⇨ thing3
abolish
verb
➡ See also the entries for ⇨ cut1 and ⇨ remove1另见cut条第1义和remove条第1义abolish ♦︎ cancel ♦︎ scrap ♦︎ dismiss ♦︎ do away with sth ♦︎ axe ♦︎ call sth offThese words all mean to change plans so that sth no longer happens.这些词均表示取消、终止。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to abolish / cancel / scrap / axe a service◆to abolish / scrap a system / plan / scheme / tax◆to cancel / call off a / an game / match / engagement◆to scrap / axe jobs◆to abolish / scrap sth completely◆to cancel / scrap sth altogether■abolish / /əˈbɒlɪʃ; NAmEəˈbɑːlɪʃ/ [transitive, often passive] to officially end a law, system or institution废除，废止（法律、体制或习俗）◆Slavery was abolished in the US in 1865.美国于1865年废除了奴隶制。◆Over the past six years we have abolished a whole range of direct taxes.过去六年我们已经取消一系列的直接税。▸abolition /ˌæbəˈlɪʃn/ /
noun
[uncountable] ◆the abolition of slavery / apartheid / the death penalty奴隶制／种族隔离／死刑的废除■cancel(-ll-, NAmE-l-) [transitive, often passive] to decide that sth that has been arranged will not now take place取消；撤销；终止◆All flights have been cancelled because of bad weather.因天气恶劣，所有航班均已取消。◆Don't forget to cancel the newspaper(= arrange for it not to be delivered) before going away.外出前，别忘了安排停送报纸。 see also postpone ⇨ delay▸cancellation (NAmE alsocancelation)
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆We need at least 24 hours' notice of cancellation.如欲取消，请至少提前24小时告知。◆Cancellations must be made in writing.撤销必须有书面通知。■scrap(-pp-) [transitive, often passive] (ratherinformal, especially journalism尤用于新闻) to cancel sth, especially plans, that are no longer practical or useful取消（计划）；废弃；报废◆The government has been forced to scrap plans for a proposed tax reform.政府已经被迫撤销提出的税收改革方案。■dismiss [transitive] (law法律) to say that a trial or legal case should not continue, usually because there is not enough evidence驳回；不受理◆Judges have to state their reasons for dismissing a case.法官须说明驳回案件的理由。◆'Case dismissed!'此案驳回！■ˌdo aˈway with sth
phrasal verb
(does, did, done) (ratherinformal, especiallyspoken, oftenapproving) to abolish sth, especially when you think this is a good thing废除，废止（尤指这样做是对的）◆He thinks it's time we did away with the monarchy.他认为该是废除君主制的时候了。■axe (BrE) (NAmEax) [transitive, often passive] (ratherinformal, journalism新闻) to get rid of sth such as a service or system, or to reduce the money spent on it by a large amount精简（机构等）；大量削减（服务、经费等）◆Other less profitable services are to be axed later this year.其他盈利较少的服务项目预定今年稍晚将大量削减。◆The series was axed after only six episodes.那个系列节目只播了六集就被砍了。■ˌcall sth ˈoff
phrasal verb
to cancel sth, especially a plan involving lots of people; to decide that sth will not happen取消（参与人数众多的计划）；停止进行◆Union leaders last night called off strike action planned for today.工会领导昨晚取消了原定今天举行的罢工。◆They have called off their engagement(= decided not to get married).他们已经取消婚约。
remove1
verb
remove stains/obstacles除去污渍／障碍remove sb from power解除某人的职务➡ See also the entries for ⇨ abolish and ⇨ eradicate另见abolish条和eradicate条remove ♦︎ get rid of sb/sth ♦︎ eliminate ♦︎ dispose of sb/sth ♦︎ discard ♦︎ dump ♦︎ throw sth away/out ♦︎ shed ♦︎ dispense with sb/sth ♦︎ scrapThese words all mean to make yourself free of sb/sth that you do not want or need.这些词均表示除去、摆脱、丢弃。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to remove / get rid of / eliminate sth from sth◆to remove / get rid of / eliminate / dispose of / discard / dump waste◆to remove / discard / dump / dispose of / throw away rubbish / garbage / trash◆to remove / get rid of / dispose of / dump a (dead) body◆to remove / get rid of / eliminate / dispose of a problem◆to eliminate / shed / scrap jobs◆to remove / discard / shed your jacket / clothes, etc.◆to remove / eliminate / discard / dispense with / scrap sth altogether◆to entirely remove / eliminate / dispose of / discard / dispense with sth◆to completely remove / eliminate / discard / dispense with / scrap sth◆to quickly remove / get rid of / eliminate / dispose of / discard / shed / dispense with sth◆to easily remove / eliminate / dispose of / discard■remove [transitive] to take sth away or make it disappear, especially because it is unpleasant, dirty or a problem去除（污渍）；消除（不好的事物或问题）◆the best way to remove stains最佳的去污方法◆She has had the tumour removed.她已将肿瘤切除。◆A subsequent agreement removed the major obstacles to negotiations.随后的协议消除了主要的谈判障碍。◆The news removed any doubts about the company's future.这个消息消除了一切有关公司未来的疑虑。▸removal
noun
[uncountable] ◆stain removal去污◆the removal of trade barriers贸易壁垒的消除■get ˈrid of sb/sth
idiom
(getting, got, got; NAmEspokengetting, got, gotten) (ratherinformal) to make yourself free of sb/sth that is annoying you or that you do not want摆脱；丢弃；扔掉◆Try and get rid of your visitors before I get there.在我到达之前，想办法把你的客人打发走。◆Get rid of weed seedlings before they grow into plants.在杂草苗长成植株前将之除掉。◆I can't get rid of this headache.我这头疼老好不了。◆We got rid of all the old furniture.我们扔掉了所有的旧家具。■eliminate / /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ / [transitive] (ratherformal) to get rid of sb/sth that is a problem for you排除，清除，消除（问题）◆Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash.有了信用卡就用不着携带很多现金。◆This diet claims to eliminate toxins from the body.这种饮食据称具有排除体内毒素的作用。◆They attempted to eliminate him as a political rival.他们试图将他这个政治对手除掉。NOTE辨析 Eliminate or get rid of sb/sth?The main difference between these expressions is register. Get rid of sb/sth is usually used in more informal and/or personal contexts. Eliminate is rather formal; it is not used to talk about physically throwing sth away.这两种说法的主要区别在于语体风格。get rid of sb/sth通常用于较不正式或较为个人的语境。eliminate相当正式，不表示扔掉实体的东西◆We eliminated the old furniture.If you get rid of a person you make them go away; you eliminate a person as sth by forcing them to give up a particular role; if you just eliminate sb, you kill them. * get rid of sb指打发走某人，eliminate sb as sth指迫使某人失去某种地位或职能，eliminate sb指杀掉某人。 see also eliminate ⇨ kill▸elimination
noun
[uncountable] ◆the elimination of disease / poverty / crime消除疾病／贫穷／犯罪■dispose of sb/sth
phrasal verb
(ratherformal) to get rid of sb/sth that you do not want or cannot keep, especially by putting it somewhere carefully so that it will not be a problem（尤指小心地）处理，清除，销毁◆the difficulties of disposing of nuclear waste处理核废料的困难◆Markets such as these are often used by thieves to dispose of stolen property.像这样的市场经常被窃贼用来销赃。▸disposal
noun
[uncountable] ◆a bomb disposal squad炸弹清除小组◆sewage disposal systems污水处理系统■discard /dɪsˈkɑːd; NAmEdɪsˈkɑːrd/ [transitive] (formal) to get rid of sth that you no longer want or need, especially by just leaving it somewhere and/or not giving it any more attention（尤指随便地）丢弃，抛弃◆The floor was littered with discarded newspapers.地板上到处是乱扔的报纸。◆He had discarded his jacket because of the heat.因天气炎热，他脱掉了夹克。◆Most of the data was discarded as unreliable.大部分数据因不可靠而被废弃。■dump [transitive, intransitive] (ratherinformal, disapproving) to get rid of sth that you do not want, especially in a place which is not suitable（尤指在不合适的地方）丢弃，扔掉，倾倒◆Too much toxic waste is being dumped at sea.太多的有毒废料在向大海里倾倒。◆The dead body was dumped by the roadside.尸体就扔在路边。◆Any vessel dumping at sea without a licence will be prosecuted.任何船只未经许可在海上倾倒会被起诉。■ˌthrow sth aˈway■ˌthrow sth ˈout
phrasal verb
(threw, thrown)to get rid of sth that you no longer want, especially by putting it in the bin扔掉，丢弃，抛弃（尤指丢入垃圾桶里）◆I don't need that－you can throw it away.那东西我不要了，你可以把它扔了。◆The fish was off－I had to throw it out.鱼不新鲜了，我只好扔掉。■shed(shedding, shed, shed) [transitive] (ratherinformal, especially journalism尤用于新闻) to get rid of sth that is no longer wanted, especially if you do not care what happens to it（尤指不在乎后果地）去除，摆脱◆The defence industry is in decline and shedding jobs.国防工业正在衰落和裁员。◆It's a quick way to shed pounds(= lose extra weight or fat on your body) but it won't make you healthier.这是一个快速减肥的方法，但不会让你更健康。◆Museums have been trying hard to shed their stuffy image.各家博物馆一直在努力改变自身古板的形象。◆Her mother had shed ten years since her marriage to Douglas(= looked ten years younger).她的母亲嫁给道格拉斯后看起来年轻了十岁。ⓘ In this meaning shed usually collocates with weight, pounds, jobs, staff, workers, employees, image, responsibility, burden or years.表达此义时，shed通常与weight、pound、job、staff、worker、employee、image、responsibility、burden或year搭配。■diˈspense with sb/sth
phrasal verb
(formal) to stop using sb/sth because you no longer need them/it（因不再需要而）摒弃，省掉，不用◆Debit cards dispense with the need for cash altogether.有借记卡就完全不需要用现金了。◆The company now has no choice but to dispense with his services(= to fire him).那家公司现在已没有选择，只能解雇他。◆I think we can dispense with the formalities(= speak openly and naturally with each other).我想我们就免去客套吧。■scrap(-pp-) [transitive, often passive] to get rid of a vehicle or machine that is no longer useful废弃，抛弃，报废（交通工具或机器）◆The oldest of the aircraft should be scrapped.最老的飞机应当报废。 see also scrap ⇨ wastenoun