refer to phrasal verb ⇨refer to sth (refer to your notes)⇨apply2 (This paragraph refers to the events of last year.)⇨leave6 (refer sb to a specialist)⇨mention (refer to the matter)
refer to sth
phrasal verb
refer to sth ♦︎ consult ♦︎ look sth upThese words all mean to look at or in sth for information.这些词均表示查阅、参考。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to refer to / consult a / an dictionary / encyclopedia / guide / manual / map / timetable / schedule / website◆to refer to / consult your notes■reˈfer to sth
phrasal verb
(-rr-)to look in or at sth for information查阅；参考◆You may refer to your notes if you want.如果需要，你可以查阅笔记。◆Refer to the Food Guide for nutrition recommendations.欲获取营养方面的建议，请参阅饮食指南。▸reference / /ˈrefrəns/ /
noun
[uncountable] ◆The library contains many popular works of reference.这家图书馆藏有许多常用的参考书。◆a reference book(= a dictionary, an encyclopedia, an atlas, etc.)参考书■consult [transitive] (ratherformal, especiallywritten) to look in or at sth for information查阅；参考◆If you're not sure which plug to buy, consult the manual.如果不确定该买哪种插头，请查阅使用手册。◆He spent quite some time consulting his notes before he answered.回答问题之前，他花了相当长的时间查阅笔记。 see also consult ⇨ ask1▸consultation /ˌkɒnslˈteɪʃn; NAmEˌkɑːnslˈteɪʃn/
noun
[uncountable] ◆There is a large collection of texts available for consultation on-screen.有大量文本可通过电脑屏幕查阅。■ˌlook sth ˈup
phrasal verb
to look for information in a dictionary or reference book, or by using a computer（在词典或参考书中，或用电脑）查阅，查检◆Can you look up the opening times on the website?你可以在网站上查一下开放时间吗？◆I looked it up in the dictionary.我在词典里查过这个词。NOTE辨析 Refer to sth, consult or look sth up?There is little difference between refer to sth and consult, although consult is more formal and is used more in written language. Look sth up is slightly more informal and is used more in everyday language. The object of look sth up is the information you want to find rather than the place where you look to find the information. * refer to sth和consult之间差异很小，不过consult较为正式，多用于书面语。look sth up稍非正式，多用于日常语言。look sth up的宾语是要查找的信息，而非信息的出处◆Please refer to / consult the Help file for further information.详细信息请参阅帮助文件。◆Try looking up this word in the index.试着在索引中查找这个词。◆Look it up on the Internet.在互联网上查找这一信息。
apply2
verb
apply sanction/common sense采取制裁；运用常识special conditions apply按照特殊情况处理apply ♦︎ relate to sb/sth ♦︎ be about sth ♦︎ have/be to do with sth ♦︎ concern ♦︎ refer to sb/sth ♦︎ deal with sth ♦︎ treatThese words all mean to be relevant to or connected with sb/sth, or to have sb/sth as a subject.这些词均表示有关、涉及。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a rule / law applies to / relates to / concerns / refers to / deals with sth◆a chapter / poem is about / is concerned with / refers to / deals with sth◆a book / film is about / is concerned with / deals with sth◆to specifically / directly apply to / relate to / be about / have to do with / be concerned with / refer to / deal with sth■apply [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be relevant to or connected with sb/sth有关；涉及◆Special conditions apply if you are under 18.18岁以下者按特殊情况处理。◆What I am saying applies only to some of you.我所说的只涉及你们中的一些人。◆The word 'unexciting' could never be applied to her novels.“乏味”这个词绝对和她的小说不沾边儿。■relate to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be connected with sb/sth; to refer to sb/sth涉及；与⋯有关；谈到◆We shall discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case.我们应针对我们的具体情况来讨论这个问题。◆The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.第二段谈到苏格兰的形势。■be about sth
phrase
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to have sb/sth as a subject; to be the purpose of sth关于；目的是◆What's his new book about?他的新书是写什么的？◆Movies are all about making money these days(= they make movies for the purpose of making money).当今拍电影只为赚钱。◆What was all that about(= what was the reason for what has just happened)?这到底是怎么回事？ see also cover ⇨ include1■have to do with sth■be to do with sth
idiom
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be connected with sth; to be the reason for sth与⋯有关；是⋯的原因◆Her job has something to do with computers.她的工作与计算机有关。◆'What do you want to see me about?' 'It's to do with that letter you sent me.'“你想见我有什么事？”“是关于你寄给我的那封信。”◆Hard work has a lot to do with(= is an important reason for) her success.工作努力是她成功的重要原因。ⓘ You can also usehave/be to do with to talk about people, especially in negative sentences and questions. In these cases it means to be involved with sb, or to be of interest to sb for a good reason.也可以说have/be to do with sb，尤其在否定句和疑问句中，指与某人有关，或有充分理由使某人感兴趣◆I'd have nothing to do with him, if I were you.如果我是你，我不会跟他有任何瓜葛。◆Mind your own business－this is nothing to do with you.管好你自己的事吧－这事与你无关。■concern ( be concerned with sth) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (ratherformal) to have sb/sth as a subject涉及；与⋯有关◆The story concerns the prince's efforts to rescue Pamina.故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜。◆The book is primarily concerned with Soviet-American relations during the Cold War.这本书主要讲的是冷战时期的苏美关系。◆This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.本章旨在讲述历史背景。■reˈfer to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(-rr-)to describe or be connected to sb/sth描述；涉及；与⋯有关◆The term 'Arts' usually refers to humanities and social sciences.arts一词通常指人文和社会科学。◆This paragraph refers to the events of last year.这一段讲的是去年发生的事。■ˈdeal with sth
phrasal verb
(dealt, dealt) (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to have sth as a subject涉及；论及；关于◆Her poems often deal with the subject of death.她的诗常涉及死亡这一主题。◆The second half of the book deals exclusively with public relations.书的后半部分专门论及公共关系。NOTE辨析 Be about sth, concern or deal with sth?Be about sth is the most general of these expressions; concern and deal with sth both suggest a formal, serious or thorough discussion of a subject. * be about sth在三者中含义最广。concern和deal with sth均指对某个主题进行正式、严肃或深入的探讨。■treat [transitive] to deal with or discuss a subject in a particular way（以特定方式）阐述，讨论◆The question is treated in more detail in the next chapter.这个问题在下一章有更详细的论述。▸treatment
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆Shakespeare's treatment of madness in 'King Lear'莎士比亚在《李尔王》中对疯癫的处理手法
leave6
verb
It's time we left.我们该走了。leave home/school离家；离校leave your job辞职leave sb/sth behind丢下某人；忘了带某物leave your husband/wife抛弃丈夫／妻子leave sb in charge委托某人负责leave ♦︎ refer sb/sth to sb/sth ♦︎ hand sth over ♦︎ delegate ♦︎ turn sth over to sb ♦︎ entrustThese words all mean to give sb else the responsibility for sth.这些词均表示把事情委托或托付给某人。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to leave / refer / hand over / delegate / turn over / entrust sth to sb◆to leave / entrust sb with sth◆to leave / hand over / delegate / turn over the task / job / responsibility / management of sth to sb◆to leave / entrust sb with the task / responsibility of sth◆to leave / hand over / turn over a project / business to sb◆to hand over / delegate authority / power to sb◆to leave / refer / hand over / delegate sth to a committee■leave(left, left) [transitive] to give sb else the responsibility for sth把⋯托付给；委托◆You can leave the cooking to me.你可以把做饭的事交给我。◆Leave it with me－I'm sure I can sort it out.把这事交给我吧－我一定会妥善处理的。◆I leave it to you to decide what order to do things in.事情应该按什么顺序来做，就由你来决定了。◆She left her assistant in charge.她委托助手来主管。◆I was left to cope on my own.就剩我一人独自应付。■reˈfer sb/sth to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(-rr-) (ratherformal) to send sb/sth to sb/sth for help, advice or a decision让（某人）求助于⋯；把（某事）移交给⋯◆My doctor referred me to a specialist.我的医生让我去找一位专科医生诊治。◆The case was referred to the Court of Appeal.这个案子被移交到上诉法院。▸referral
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆illnesses requiring referral to hospitals需要送医院转诊的疾病■ˌhand sth ˈover
phrasal verb
to give sb else your position of power or the responsibility for sth把（权力或责任）移交给（某人）◆He finally handed over his responsibility for the company last year.他终于在去年交出了公司的职务。ⓘ Hand sth over is typically used with work-related words such as job, project, business and responsibility. In British English hand over to sb can also be used without an object. * hand sth over通常与工作方面的词连用，如job、project、business和responsibility。在英式英语中，也可用不接宾语的hand over to sb◆ (BrE) She resigned and handed over to one of her younger colleagues.她辞职了，将工作交给一个比她年轻的同事接手。▸handover / /ˈhændəʊvə(r); NAmEˈhændoʊvər/
noun
[countable, uncountable] ◆the smooth handover of power from a military to a civilian government从军政府到文官政府权力的顺利移交■delegate /ˈdelɪgeɪt/ / [intransitive, transitive] (ratherformal) to give part of your work, power or authority to sb in a lower position than you授权；把（工作或权力）委托给◆Some managers find it difficult to delegate.有些经理认为难以放权。◆The job had to be delegated to an assistant.这项工作得交给助手去做。ⓘ People typically delegatepowers, responsibilities, authority, decisions and work. * delegate通常与power、responsibility、authority、decision和work等词搭配。▸delegation / /ˌdelɪˈgeɪʃn/ /
noun
[uncountable] ◆the delegation of decision-making决策权的授予■turn sth over to sb
phrasal verb
(especially NAmE) to give the control of sth to sb把⋯移交给（某人）◆He turned the business over to his daughter.他把企业交给女儿管理。■entrust [transitive] (formal) to make sb responsible for doing sth or taking care of sb委托；托付◆He entrusted the task to his nephew.他把任务委托给了自己的侄儿。◆He entrusted his nephew with the task.他委托侄儿来执行这个任务。◆His mother entrusted him to doctors at Charing Cross hospital.他母亲把他托付给查灵十字医院的医生照管。ⓘ Note the three possible patterns used with entrust. * entrust可以用在以下三种结构中◆to entrust sth to sb◆to entrust sb with sth◆to entrust sb to sb
mention
verb
mention ♦︎ refer to sb/sth ♦︎ speak ♦︎ cite ♦︎ quote ♦︎ allude to sb/sthThese words all mean to write or speak about sb/sth, often in order to give an example or prove sth.这些词均表示写到、提及或举例说明。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to mention / refer to / speak of / cite / quote / allude to sb / sth as sb / sth◆to mention / refer to / cite / quote a / an example / case / instance of sth◆sth is frequently / often mentioned / referred to / spoken of / cited / quoted / alluded to◆to mention / refer to / speak of / quote / allude to sb / sth briefly◆the example mentioned / referred to / cited / quoted / alluded to above / earlier / previously■mention [transitive] to write or speak about sb/sth, especially without giving much information（尤指简略地）提到，写到，说到◆Nobody mentioned anything to me about it.没人跟我提过这事儿。◆Now that you mention it, she did seem to be in a strange mood.既然你说到这事儿，她确实好像情绪不大对头。◆Did she mention where she was going?她有没有说起她要去哪儿？◆He failed to mention that he was the one who started the fight.他没提是他先动手打人的。 see also mention ⇨ referencenoun■reˈfer to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(-rr-) (ratherformal) to mention or speak about sb/sth提到；谈及；说起◆I promised not to refer to the matter again.我答应过再也不提这事了。◆She always referred to Ben as 'that nice man'.她总是称本为“那个大好人”。◆The victims were not referred to by name.没有提到受害人的姓名。 see also reference ⇨ reference■speak(spoke, spoken) [intransitive] to mention or describe sb/sth提起；讲述◆She still speaks about him with great affection.说起他来她依旧一往情深。◆Witnesses spoke of a great ball of flame.目击者都谈到有个大火球。◆Speaking of travelling,(= referring back to a subject just mentioned) are you going anywhere exciting this year?说到旅游，你今年要去什么好玩的地方吗？■cite / /saɪt/ / [transitive] (formal) to mention sth as a reason or example, or in order to support what you are saying（作为理由、例子或论证）援引，引用，引证◆He cited his heavy workload as the reason for his breakdown.他提到繁重的工作是导致他神经衰弱的原因。◆She cited the case of Leigh v. Gladstone.她援引了莉诉格拉德斯通案。 see also cite ⇨ quote, citation ⇨ reference■quote [transitive] to mention an example of sth to support what you are saying举例说明◆He quoted one case in which a person had died in a fire.他举了有一个人在火灾中丧生的例子。 see also quote ⇨ quote, quotation ⇨ referenceNOTE辨析 Cite or quote?You can cite reasons or examples, but you can only quote examples. * cite可指提及原因或举出事例，但quote只表示举例◆He quoted his heavy workload as the reason for his breakdown.Cite is a more formal word than quote and is often used in more formal situations, for example in descriptions of legal cases. * cite较quote正式，常用于较正式的场合，如讲述法律案件。■alˈlude to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(formal) to mention sth in an indirect way间接提到；暗指；影射◆The problem had been alluded to briefly in earlier discussions.这个问题在以往的讨论中已简要提及。 see also allusion ⇨ reference