law noun ⇨law (against the law)⇨principle2 (moral laws)⇨rule (strict gun laws)⇨theory1 (Newton's laws)⇨lay down the law⇨dictate to sbphrasal verb⇨law and order, the rule of law⇨peace
law
noun
law ♦︎ legislation ♦︎ constitution ♦︎ code ♦︎ charterThese are all words for a system or set of rules or principles which govern a country or organization.这些词均表示国家的法律法规或机构的章程。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆legislation / a charter on sth◆under / in the legislation / constitution / code / charter◆(a) draft legislation / constitution / code / charter◆(the) civil / criminal law / legislation / code◆(the) state / federal law / legislation / constitution◆to draw up / draft / adopt / approve / amend legislation / a constitution / a code / a charter◆to break the law / a code◆to contravene legislation / a constitution / a code◆to be enshrined in law / legislation / the constitution / a charter◆the law / legislation / the constitution forbids sth◆legislation / the constitution / a charter guarantees sth■law ( the law) [uncountable] the system of rules that everyone in a country or society must obey; a particular branch of this system法律（体系）；法规◆In Sweden it is against the law to hit a child.在瑞典打孩子是违法的。◆Defence attorneys can use any means within the law to get their client off.辩护律师可以在法律允许的范围内利用任何手段使当事人免于处罚。◆British schools are now required by law to publish their exam results.按现行法律规定，英国的学校须公布考试结果。◆The reforms have recently become law.最近已立法保证这些改革措施。◆He specializes in international law.他专攻国际法。 see also law ⇨ rulenoun■legislation / /ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn/ / [uncountable] a law or set of laws passed by a parliament法规；法律◆The civil rights campaign resulted in legislation against segregation.那次民权运动的结果是通过了反对隔离的法规。◆There were calls for legislation to ban smoking in public places.人们呼吁立法禁止在公共场所吸烟。◆The government is trying to push through a controversial piece of legislation.政府正试图通过一项有争议的法规。 see also legislate ⇨ ruleverb2■constitution /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃn; NAmEˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃn/ [countable] the system of laws and basic principles that a state, country or organization is governed by宪法；章程◆These rights are established in the federal constitution.这些权利是联邦宪法中所规定的。◆A two-thirds majority is needed to amend the club's constitution.俱乐部章程的修订需经三分之二的俱乐部成员同意。■code [countable] a system of laws or written rules that state how people in an organization or country should behave法典；法规；规定◆The company has drawn up a new disciplinary code.公司已经起草了一项新的纪律规定。◆The law includes amendments to the penal code.该法律包括几条刑法修正案。■charter [countable] a written statement describing the rights that a particular group of people should have; a written statement of the principles and aims of an organization权利宪章；规章；章程◆He fought for a social charter of workers' rights.他为出台一部保障工人权利的社会宪章而斗争。◆Minority rights are protected by the UN charter.少数族裔的权利受到联合国宪章的保护。
principle2
noun
a matter of principle原则问题the principle that education should be available to all所有人都应有权受教育的观念principle ♦︎ rule ♦︎ law ♦︎ tenetThese are all words for a belief about the way sb should behave and what actions they should take.这些词均表示行事原则、行为准则。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the principle / rule / law / tenet that ...◆a basic / fundamental principle / rule / law / tenet◆a moral principle / rule / law◆a religious principle / law◆to accept a principle / rule / tenet◆to apply a principle / rule■principle [countable, uncountable] a belief that is accepted as a reason for acting or thinking in a particular way观念；（行动或思想的）理由；信条◆Their policy is based on the principle that free education should be available for all children.他们的政策以所有儿童都有权享受免费教育的理念为基础。◆The order to show no mercy was contrary to the most basic principles of their religion.绝不心慈手软这一命令与他们宗教最基本的信条相背离。 see also principle ⇨ theory1■rule [countable] a statement of what you do, or are advised to do, in a particular type of situation规矩；准则◆I've made it a rule not to talk to the press.我已立下规矩，不接受媒体采访。◆There are no hard and fast rules for planning healthy meals.在安排健康饮食方面，没有什么一定之规。◆The golden rule(= most important rule)of teaching is to remember that all children learn at different rates.做教师最重要的一条是要牢记孩子学习有快有慢。 see also rule ⇨ habit, rule ⇨ rulenoun, rule ⇨ theory1, as a rule ⇨ usually■law [countable, uncountable] a rule or set of rules for good behaviour or how you should behave in a particular situation良好行为的准则；（某场合下的）行为规范◆He frequently behaved as though moral laws did not exist.他的所作所为常常无视道德准则的存在。 see also law ⇨ rulenoun, law ⇨ theory1■tenet / /ˈtenɪt/ / [countable] (formal) one of the principles or beliefs that a theory or larger set of beliefs is based on原则；信条；教义◆Underlying Leninism was the tenet that revolution was inevitable.列宁主义的根本信条是革命是不可避免的。
rule
noun
rule ♦︎ law ♦︎ regulation ♦︎ act ♦︎ statute ♦︎ commandmentThese are all words for an official statement of what may, must or must not be done in a particular situation.这些词均表示规则、规章、条例。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the rules / laws / regulations on sth◆a rule / law against sth◆under a rule / the regulations / an act / a statute◆within the rules / law / regulations / act / statute◆against the rules / law / regulations◆strict rules / laws / regulations◆to pass a law / a regulation / an act / a statute◆to obey a rule / a law / the regulations / a commandment◆to comply with a rule / a law / the regulations / a statute◆to break a rule / law / regulation / commandment◆to contravene / be in breach of a rule / a law / the regulations / an act / a statute◆to repeal a law / a regulation / an act / a statute◆to tighten up a rule / a law / the regulations◆a rule / a law / a regulation / an act / a statute governs / prohibits / forbids sth◆a rule / a law / a regulation / an act allows (for) sth◆a rule / a law / a regulation / an act comes into force■rule [countable] a statement of what may, must or must not be done in a particular situation or when playing a game（具体情况或游戏的）规则，规章，条例◆Tackling a player without the ball is against the rules.阻截无持球队员是犯规的。◆He was punished for breaking school rules.他因违反校规被罚。◆You and your room-mates should establish some ground rules.你和室友应该制订一些基本守则。◆Without unwritten rules civilized life would be impossible.没有不成文的规章，就不会有文明生活。◆Couldn't they just bend the rules and let us in without a ticket?难道他们就不能通融一下，让我们没票也进去吗？ see also rule ⇨ principle2■law [countable] a rule that everyone in a country or society must obey which deals with a particular crime or area of activity（针对某罪行或活动领域的一条）法律，法规◆The government has introduced some tough new laws on food hygiene.政府针对食品卫生出台了一些严格的新法规。◆There ought to be a law against it!应该立法加以禁止！◆The country has very strict gun laws.那个国家对枪支管理有非常严格的法律规定。 see also law ⇨ lawnoun, law ⇨ principle2■regulation [countable, usually plural] an official rule made by a government or some other authority章程；规章制度；规则；法规◆It's against safety regulations to eat or drink in the laboratory.在实验室饮食违反安全章程。◆There are too many rules and regulations.规章制度过多。 see also regulation ⇨ government2■act (often常作Act) [countable] a law that has been passed by a parliament（议会通过的）法案，法令◆an Act of Parliament / Congress议会／国会法案◆the Higher Education Act 19651965年颁布的高等教育法◆The Act was passed by a majority of 175 votes to 143.本法案以175票对143票多数表决通过。■statute / /ˈstætʃuːt/ / [countable] a law that has been passed by a parliament, council, etc. and formally written down; a formal rule of an organization or institution成文法；法令；章程；条例◆Penalties are laid down in the statute.法规中有关于惩罚措施的规定。◆Corporal punishment was banned by statute in 1987.1987年通过的法令明文禁止体罚。◆It is not yet on the statute book(= it has not yet become law).成文法中还没有这方面的规定。◆Under the statutes of the university they had no power to dismiss him.按大学的规章制度，他们无权开除他。■commandment [countable] a law given by God, especially any of the Ten Commandments given to the Jews in the Bible诫条（尤指《圣经》中上帝给犹太人的十诫之一）◆You shall keep the commandments of the Lord your God.你要谨守耶和华你们的神的诫命。
theory1
noun
the theory of relativity相对论I have this theory that...依我看⋯theory ♦︎ principle ♦︎ law ♦︎ rule ♦︎ theoremThese are all words for an idea or set of ideas that explains why sth happens or why sth exists.这些词均表示学说、理论、原理。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a theory / law / rule / theorem about sth◆the theory / principle behind sth◆in theory / principle◆the theory / principle / law / rule / theorem that...◆a basic / fundamental theory / principle / law / rule / theorem◆a mathematical theory / principle / law / rule / theorem◆a scientific theory / principle / law / rule◆to prove a theory / principle / law / rule / theorem◆to define a law / rule◆to apply a theory / principle◆a theory / principle / law / rule / theorem states that...■theory [countable, uncountable] a formal set of ideas that is intended to explain why sth happens or exists; the ideas on which a particular subject is based学说；理论◆There are conflicting theories as to the very early origins of mankind.关于人类最早的起源有些相互矛盾的理论。◆According to Einstein's theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light.根据爱因斯坦的相对论，任何东西都无法超越光速。◆He wrote a number of books on political theory.他撰写了几本政治理论方面的书。◆In theory, all children get an equal chance at school.从理论上讲，所有孩子在学校都能获得平等的机会。 see also theoretical ⇨ intellectual1■principle [countable, uncountable] an idea or theory that sth is based on; a general or scientific idea that explains how sth works or why sth happens法则；原则；原理；定律◆The principle behind it is very simple.这背后的原理很简单。◆We must get back to first principles(= the basic principles of sth).我们必须回到根本原则上来。◆It is based on the principle that heat rises.这是基于热气上升的定律。◆A tidal current turbine is similar in principle to a windmill.潮流涡轮机从原理上和风车相似。 see also principle ⇨ principle2■law [countable] the fact that sth always happens in the same way in an activity or in nature; a scientific statement made by sb that explains a natural process规律；法则；原理；定律◆The usual laws of supply and demand do not seem to apply in this case.一般的供求规律似乎不适用于这种情况。◆Do you remember anything about Ohm's Law?你还记得欧姆定律吗？ see also law ⇨ principle2■rule [countable] a statement of what is possible according to a particular system, for example the grammar of a language规则；法则◆He's a writer who doesn't seem to know the most basic rules of English grammar.他这个作家似乎连最基本的英语语法规则都不知道。 see also rule ⇨ principle2■theorem /ˈθɪərəm; NAmEˈθiːərəm, ˈθɪrəm/ [countable] (technical术语) a rule or principle, especially in mathematics, that can be proved to be true（尤指数学）定理◆Work out the answer using Pythagoras's Theorem.运用毕达哥拉斯定理算出答案。
dictate to sb
phrasal verb
dictate to sb ♦︎ push sb around/about ♦︎ tyrannize ♦︎ order sb around/about ♦︎ lay down the lawThese words all mean to tell sb what to do in a rude or forceful way.这些词均表示以粗鲁或强迫的方式支使人做事。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺下图显示这些词所表达支使的专横程度
push sb about/around
➔
dictate to sb
➔
tyrannize
order sb about/around
lay down the law
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb will not be dictated to / pushed around / tyrannized (by sb)◆to allow yourself to be dictated to / pushed around◆sb thinks they can push sb around / order sb around■dicˈtate to sb
phrasal verb
[often passive] to give orders to sb, often in a rude and aggressive way任意支使某人；向某人发号施令◆She refused to be dictated to by anyone.她拒绝受任何人摆布。■ˌpush sb aˈround■ˌpush sb aˈbout
phrasal verb
(ratherinformal) to keep telling sb what to do in a rude and aggressive way任意摆布某人；不断支使某人◆She's wrong if she thinks she can push me around.如果她以为可以任意摆布我，那她就错了。■tyrannize (BrE alsotyrannise) / /ˈtɪrənaɪz/ / [transitive, intransitive] (ratherformal, written) to use your power to give orders to sb and treat them in a cruel and unfair way（利用权势）专横地对待；对⋯施行暴政◆After years of obeying her own husband's mother, she felt that she was now entitled to tyrannize her daughter-in-law.在多年对婆婆俯首帖耳之后，她觉得自己现在有资格专横地对待儿媳妇了。◆Since he took power five years ago, he has tyrannized over the people of this small nation.自从五年前掌权后，他一直对这个小国的人民施行暴政。■ˌorder sb aˈround■ˌorder sb ˈaˈbout
phrasal verb
(ratherinformal) to keep telling sb what to do in a rude or annoying way（不断地）支使某人，使唤某人◆How dare he order her around like that?他怎么竟敢那样支使她？NOTE辨析 Dictate to sb, push sb around or order sb around?If sb dictates to sb else, they say what they should do, without listening to them or taking their opinions into account, especially because they believe they are in a strong position to do so. If sb pushes sb about/around they tell them what to do, often using threats or violence, especially over a period of time. The person who is being pushed around is often in a weaker position and cannot say no. If sb orders sb around/about, they give them orders because they believe that they are more important or powerful. The person who is being ordered around may or may not do what they are told. * dictate to sb表示任意支使别人做事而不聆听或考虑他们的想法，尤其是因为觉得自己处于强势地位，可以这么做。push sb about/around表示常使用威胁或暴力手段支使别人做事，尤指这种行为持续一段时间，而被支使者常处于弱势，不得不从。order sb around/about则表示因觉得自己比别人重要或有权势而向别人发号施令，被支使者可能服从，也可能不服从。■lay down the ˈlaw
idiom
(laid, laid)to tell sb what they should and should not do, in a forceful way强行规定；严格规定◆My dad started laying down the law about what time I should come home.我爸爸开始规定我必须什么时候回家。
peace
noun
peace ♦︎ order ♦︎ law and order ♦︎ the rule of law ♦︎ calmThese are all words for a situation or period of time in which there is no war or violence in a country or area and people obey the law.这些词均表示和平、太平或治安。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an uneasy peace / calm◆relative / comparative peace / calm◆to maintain / establish / preserve peace / order / law and order / the rule of law◆to restore peace / order / law and order / the rule of law◆to enforce peace / order / law and order / the rule of law◆peace / order / law and order / the rule of law / calm prevails◆order / law and order / the rule of law breaks down◆the breakdown of order / law and order / the rule of law■peace [uncountable, singular] a situation or period of time in which there is no war or violence in a country or area和平；太平◆Any hopes of peace between the two nations seem to have faded.这两国之间的和平希望似乎逐渐渺茫。◆The two communities now live together in peace.这两个群落现在和睦相处。◆England and France were once again at peace with each other.英格兰和法国又一次和平共处，相安无事了。◆Peace finally returned to the city streets.城市的街道终于恢复了平静。◆The negotiators are trying to make peace between the warring factions.谈判代表试图让交战各方和解。◆Troops were brought in to keep the peace.出动了部队来维持和平。◆Obviously world peace is our ultimate goal.显然世界和平是我们的最终目标。◆After years of war, the people longed for a lasting peace.经历了多年的战乱之后，人民渴望永久和平。OPPwar ⇨ war■order [uncountable] the state that exists when people obey laws, rules or authority治安；秩序；规矩◆The army had been brought in to maintain order in the capital.出动了军队来维持首都的治安。◆Some teachers find it hard to keep order in their classes.有些教师觉得难以维持课堂秩序。◆Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in order.有些教师觉得难以维持课堂秩序。◆It is our duty to preserve public order.我们的责任是维护公共秩序。OPPdisorder ⇨ trouble1■ˌlaw and ˈorder
idiom
a situation in which people obey the law and behave in a peaceful way法治；治安；遵纪守法◆They regarded the forces of law and order(= the police and the courts) as their enemy.他们视法制力量为敌。■the rule of ˈlaw
idiom
(ratherformal) the situation in which all members of society, including its leaders, accept the authority of the law法治◆It is our duty to uphold the rule of law.我们的责任是维护法治。■calm [uncountable, singular] a situation in which there is no violence, angry protests or arguments（没有暴力、抗议或争吵的）平静，宁静（的状态）◆The police appealed for calm.警方呼吁保持冷静。◆An uneasy calm descended on the streets.街上有一种令人不安的宁静。 see also calm ⇨ quietadj.1