refer to sb/sth phrase ⇨applyrefer to sb/sth phrase ⇨mention
apply2
verb
apply sanction/common sense采取制裁；运用常识special conditions apply按照特殊情况处理apply ♦︎ relate to sb/sth ♦︎ be about sth ♦︎ have/be to do with sth ♦︎ concern ♦︎ refer to sb/sth ♦︎ deal with sth ♦︎ treatThese words all mean to be relevant to or connected with sb/sth, or to have sb/sth as a subject.这些词均表示有关、涉及。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a rule / law applies to / relates to / concerns / refers to / deals with sth◆a chapter / poem is about / is concerned with / refers to / deals with sth◆a book / film is about / is concerned with / deals with sth◆to specifically / directly apply to / relate to / be about / have to do with / be concerned with / refer to / deal with sth■apply [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be relevant to or connected with sb/sth有关；涉及◆Special conditions apply if you are under 18.18岁以下者按特殊情况处理。◆What I am saying applies only to some of you.我所说的只涉及你们中的一些人。◆The word 'unexciting' could never be applied to her novels.“乏味”这个词绝对和她的小说不沾边儿。■relate to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be connected with sb/sth; to refer to sb/sth涉及；与⋯有关；谈到◆We shall discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case.我们应针对我们的具体情况来讨论这个问题。◆The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.第二段谈到苏格兰的形势。■be about sth
phrase
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to have sb/sth as a subject; to be the purpose of sth关于；目的是◆What's his new book about?他的新书是写什么的？◆Movies are all about making money these days(= they make movies for the purpose of making money).当今拍电影只为赚钱。◆What was all that about(= what was the reason for what has just happened)?这到底是怎么回事？ see also cover ⇨ include1■have to do with sth■be to do with sth
idiom
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be connected with sth; to be the reason for sth与⋯有关；是⋯的原因◆Her job has something to do with computers.她的工作与计算机有关。◆'What do you want to see me about?' 'It's to do with that letter you sent me.'“你想见我有什么事？”“是关于你寄给我的那封信。”◆Hard work has a lot to do with(= is an important reason for) her success.工作努力是她成功的重要原因。ⓘ You can also usehave/be to do with to talk about people, especially in negative sentences and questions. In these cases it means to be involved with sb, or to be of interest to sb for a good reason.也可以说have/be to do with sb，尤其在否定句和疑问句中，指与某人有关，或有充分理由使某人感兴趣◆I'd have nothing to do with him, if I were you.如果我是你，我不会跟他有任何瓜葛。◆Mind your own business－this is nothing to do with you.管好你自己的事吧－这事与你无关。■concern ( be concerned with sth) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (ratherformal) to have sb/sth as a subject涉及；与⋯有关◆The story concerns the prince's efforts to rescue Pamina.故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜。◆The book is primarily concerned with Soviet-American relations during the Cold War.这本书主要讲的是冷战时期的苏美关系。◆This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.本章旨在讲述历史背景。■reˈfer to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(-rr-)to describe or be connected to sb/sth描述；涉及；与⋯有关◆The term 'Arts' usually refers to humanities and social sciences.arts一词通常指人文和社会科学。◆This paragraph refers to the events of last year.这一段讲的是去年发生的事。■ˈdeal with sth
phrasal verb
(dealt, dealt) (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to have sth as a subject涉及；论及；关于◆Her poems often deal with the subject of death.她的诗常涉及死亡这一主题。◆The second half of the book deals exclusively with public relations.书的后半部分专门论及公共关系。NOTE辨析 Be about sth, concern or deal with sth?Be about sth is the most general of these expressions; concern and deal with sth both suggest a formal, serious or thorough discussion of a subject. * be about sth在三者中含义最广。concern和deal with sth均指对某个主题进行正式、严肃或深入的探讨。■treat [transitive] to deal with or discuss a subject in a particular way（以特定方式）阐述，讨论◆The question is treated in more detail in the next chapter.这个问题在下一章有更详细的论述。▸treatment
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆Shakespeare's treatment of madness in 'King Lear'莎士比亚在《李尔王》中对疯癫的处理手法
mention
verb
mention ♦︎ refer to sb/sth ♦︎ speak ♦︎ cite ♦︎ quote ♦︎ allude to sb/sthThese words all mean to write or speak about sb/sth, often in order to give an example or prove sth.这些词均表示写到、提及或举例说明。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to mention / refer to / speak of / cite / quote / allude to sb / sth as sb / sth◆to mention / refer to / cite / quote a / an example / case / instance of sth◆sth is frequently / often mentioned / referred to / spoken of / cited / quoted / alluded to◆to mention / refer to / speak of / quote / allude to sb / sth briefly◆the example mentioned / referred to / cited / quoted / alluded to above / earlier / previously■mention [transitive] to write or speak about sb/sth, especially without giving much information（尤指简略地）提到，写到，说到◆Nobody mentioned anything to me about it.没人跟我提过这事儿。◆Now that you mention it, she did seem to be in a strange mood.既然你说到这事儿，她确实好像情绪不大对头。◆Did she mention where she was going?她有没有说起她要去哪儿？◆He failed to mention that he was the one who started the fight.他没提是他先动手打人的。 see also mention ⇨ referencenoun■reˈfer to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(-rr-) (ratherformal) to mention or speak about sb/sth提到；谈及；说起◆I promised not to refer to the matter again.我答应过再也不提这事了。◆She always referred to Ben as 'that nice man'.她总是称本为“那个大好人”。◆The victims were not referred to by name.没有提到受害人的姓名。 see also reference ⇨ reference■speak(spoke, spoken) [intransitive] to mention or describe sb/sth提起；讲述◆She still speaks about him with great affection.说起他来她依旧一往情深。◆Witnesses spoke of a great ball of flame.目击者都谈到有个大火球。◆Speaking of travelling,(= referring back to a subject just mentioned) are you going anywhere exciting this year?说到旅游，你今年要去什么好玩的地方吗？■cite / /saɪt/ / [transitive] (formal) to mention sth as a reason or example, or in order to support what you are saying（作为理由、例子或论证）援引，引用，引证◆He cited his heavy workload as the reason for his breakdown.他提到繁重的工作是导致他神经衰弱的原因。◆She cited the case of Leigh v. Gladstone.她援引了莉诉格拉德斯通案。 see also cite ⇨ quote, citation ⇨ reference■quote [transitive] to mention an example of sth to support what you are saying举例说明◆He quoted one case in which a person had died in a fire.他举了有一个人在火灾中丧生的例子。 see also quote ⇨ quote, quotation ⇨ referenceNOTE辨析 Cite or quote?You can cite reasons or examples, but you can only quote examples. * cite可指提及原因或举出事例，但quote只表示举例◆He quoted his heavy workload as the reason for his breakdown.Cite is a more formal word than quote and is often used in more formal situations, for example in descriptions of legal cases. * cite较quote正式，常用于较正式的场合，如讲述法律案件。■alˈlude to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(formal) to mention sth in an indirect way间接提到；暗指；影射◆The problem had been alluded to briefly in earlier discussions.这个问题在以往的讨论中已简要提及。 see also allusion ⇨ reference