plantation noun ⇨farm (a banana plantation)⇨forest (a conifer plantation)
farm
noun
farm ♦︎ ranch ♦︎ plantation ♦︎ orchard ♦︎ vineyard ♦︎ grove ♦︎ homesteadThese words all mean an area of land that is used for growing crops or keeping animals.这些词均指农场、牧场、种植园。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆on a farm / ranch / plantation / vineyard / homestead◆at a farm / ranch / plantation / vineyard◆in a plantation / an orchard / a vineyard / a grove◆a 5-hectare, 100-acre, etc. farm / ranch / plantation / orchard / vineyard◆a cattle / sheep farm / ranch◆a fruit farm / plantation / orchard■farm [countable] an area of land, and the buildings on it, used for growing crops and/or keeping animals; the main house on a farm, where the farmer lives农场；农舍◆It's a dairy farm producing speciality cheeses.这是个生产特色奶酪的乳牛场。◆Many farm workers face low wages and poor working conditions.很多农场工人收入低，工作条件差。ⓘ Farm is also used in compounds to mean a place where particular fish or animals are bred. * farm亦用于构成复合词，指养殖场、饲养场◆a fish / trout / mink / pig farm养鱼场；鳟鱼养殖场；水貂饲养场；养猪场■ranch /rɑːntʃ; NAmEræntʃ/ [countable] a large farm, especially in North America or Australia, where large animals such as cows, horses or sheep are bred（尤指北美或澳大利亚的）牧场，大农场◆She grew up on a cattle ranch in Wyoming.她在怀俄明州的牧牛场长大。◆We hired three new ranch hands(= the people who work on a ranch).我们新雇用了三名牧场工人。■plantation /plɑːnˈteɪʃn; NAmEplænˈteɪʃn/ [countable] a large area of land, especially in a hot country, where crops such as coffee, sugar and rubber are grown种植园，种植场（尤指热带国家种植咖啡、甘蔗、橡胶等的大庄园）◆a banana / coffee plantation香蕉／咖啡种植园■orchard /ˈɔːtʃəd; NAmEˈɔːrtʃərd/ [countable] a piece of land, normally enclosed, in which fruit trees are grown果园◆an apple / a cherry orchard.苹果园；樱桃园■vineyard /ˈvɪnjəd; NAmEˈvɪnjərd/ [countable] a piece of land where grapes are grown in order to produce wine（为酿酒而种植的）葡萄园◆Dutch settlers planted the first vineyard when they arrived in 1652.荷兰移民1652年抵达后种植了第一个葡萄园。■grove /grəʊv; NAmEgroʊv/ [countable] a small area of land with fruit trees of a particular type on it（小片）果树林，果园◆olive / lemon groves橄榄园；柠檬园NOTE辨析 Orchard or grove?An orchard is usually enclosed and is usually for growing fruit such as apples, pears, plums and cherries that grow well in cooler countries; groves are usually open and are usually for growing fruit such as olives, oranges and lemons that grow well in warmer countries. * orchard通常是封闭的，种植的通常是适宜在凉爽地区生长的苹果、梨、李子、樱桃等水果；grove通常是没有围栏的，种植的通常是适宜在温暖地区生长的橄榄、橙子、柠檬等水果。■homestead /ˈhəʊmsted; NAmEˈhoʊmsted/ [countable] (especially NAmE) a house where a family lives and the land and buildings around it, especially a small farm; (in the US in the past) a piece of land given to sb by the government on condition that they lived on it and grew crops on it（包括周围土地和附属房屋的）家宅；（尤指）农庄；宅地（美国旧时由国家分给个人居住并开垦的土地）◆What began as a small family homestead is now a 5 000-acre ranch.起初的家庭小农庄现在已发展成5 000英亩的大牧场。
forest
noun
forest ♦︎ wood ♦︎ jungle ♦︎ woodland ♦︎ rainforest ♦︎ plantationThese words all mean an area of land that is covered with trees.这些词均表示树林、林地、林区。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in a forest / a wood / the jungle / woodland / the rainforest / a plantation◆(a) dense forest / wood / jungle / woodland◆tropical forest / jungle / rainforest■forest [countable, uncountable] a large area of land that is thickly covered with trees森林；密林◆The species is found in both coniferous and deciduous forests.针叶林和落叶林里均可见此物种。◆One careless match can start a forest fire.漫不经心地扔一根火柴就有可能引发一场森林火灾。◆Thousands of hectares of forest are destroyed each year.每年都有几千公顷的森林遭到破坏。■wood [countable] ( woods [plural]) an area of trees that is smaller than a forest, and often with more space between the trees than in a forest树林；林地◆We descended through an oak wood to the village below.我们穿过一片橡树林，来到下面的村子。◆She went for a walk in the woods.她去树林中散步了。ⓘ In American English woods [plural] is usually used, except in literature.美式英语中，除了在文学作品里，通常用复数形式的woods。■jungle [countable, uncountable] an area of tropical forest where trees and plants grow very thickly（热带）丛林，密林◆The plant originates from the jungles of South-East Asia.这种植物源自东南亚的热带丛林。◆We trekked for miles through dense jungle.我们在浓密的丛林里跋涉了几英里。■woodland [uncountable, countable] ( woodlands [plural]) an area of land that is covered with trees树林；林地；林区◆The house is fringed by fields and woodland.房子周围是田地和树林。◆These ancient woodlands are under threat from new road developments.这些原始林区受到新修道路的威胁。■rainforest /ˈreɪnfɒrɪst; NAmEˈreɪnfɔːrɪst, ˈreɪnfɑːrɪst/ [countable, uncountable] a thick forest in parts of the world that have a lot of rain, especially in tropical countries（热带）雨林◆The Amazon rainforest is home to 30% of all known plant and animal species.所有已知的动植物物种中有30%见于亚马孙雨林。NOTE辨析 Jungle or rainforest?A rainforest is an environment that has taken millions of years to reach its present state, so that the sizes and types of plants in it do not change any more. Not all rainforests are in tropical parts of the world. A jungle can be any tropical place where plants grow so much that it is difficult to move through. * rainforest指一种环境，它历经数百万年才达到目前的状态，其植物的大小和种类不会再发生变化。rainforest并非都位于热带地区。jungle可指热带地区中任何植被浓密、难以通行的地方。■plantation /plɑːnˈteɪʃn; NAmEplænˈteɪʃn/ [countable] a large area of land that is planted with trees to produce wood木材林地；人造林◆Most of these conifer plantations will be felled over the next 10 years.这些人造针叶林大多在接下来的10年里会被砍伐。