| 例句 |
poor adj.
⇨ poor 1 (poor people/countries) ⇨ poor 2 (poor quality) ⇨ incompetent (a poor swimmer)poor1 adjective poor people/countries 穷人；穷国poor quality 质量差 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ bankrupt 另见bankrupt条poor ♦︎ disadvantaged ♦︎ needy ♦︎ impoverished ♦︎ deprived ♦︎ penniless ♦︎ destitute ♦︎ hard upThese words all describe sb/sth that has very little or no money and therefore cannot satisfy their basic needs. 这些词均表示贫穷的、贫困的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达贫穷的程度| disadvantaged | ➔ | poor | ➔ | penniless | | | needy | | destitute | | | impoverished | | | | | deprived | | | | | hard up | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆poor / disadvantaged / needy / impoverished / deprived / destitute / hard-up people / families◆poor / disadvantaged / needy / impoverished / deprived / destitute children◆poor / disadvantaged / needy / impoverished / penniless / hard-up students◆poor / disadvantaged / needy / impoverished / deprived groups◆poor / disadvantaged / needy / impoverished / deprived areas◆poor / disadvantaged / impoverished / deprived regions◆poor / disadvantaged / impoverished countries◆a poor / a disadvantaged / an impoverished / a deprived background◆a poor / an impoverished / a deprived childhood◆very poor / disadvantaged / needy / impoverished / deprived / hard up◆really poor / needy / hard up◆relatively poor / disadvantaged / impoverished / deprived■ poor having very little money; not having enough money for basic needs 贫穷的；贫困的；清贫的◆They were too poor to buy shoes for the kids.他们穷得没钱给孩子买鞋穿。◆They always treated me like a poor relation.他们一直把我当穷亲戚看待。◆We aim to help the poorest families.我们的目的是接济最贫困的家庭。◆It's among the poorer countries of the world.那是世界上较贫困的国家之一。◆ (NAmE, rather informal) I may be dirt poor, but I have my pride.也许我很穷，但我有自尊。 OPP rich , wealthy , affluent ⇨ rich see also poverty ⇨ poverty ▸ the poor noun [plural] ◆They provided food and shelter for the poor (= people who are poor).他们为贫困者提供食物和住所。■ disadvantaged [usually before noun] having less money and fewer opportunities than most people in society 弱势的；社会地位低的◆socially disadvantaged sections of the community社会中的弱势群体◆the issues facing farmers in disadvantaged rural areas of Europe生活在欧洲贫困乡村的农民所面临的问题▸ the disadvantaged noun [plural] ◆helping the poor and the disadvantaged帮助贫困和弱势人群■ needy poor 贫穷的；贫困的；清贫的◆It's a charity that provides help and comfort for needy children.这是一家为贫困孩子提供帮助和抚慰的慈善机构。 OPP wealthy ⇨ rich see also need ⇨ poverty ▸ the needy noun [plural] ◆They provide shelter and a hot meal to the homeless and the needy.他们为无家可归和穷困的人提供住所和热食。■ impoverished /ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃt; NAmE ɪmˈpɑːvərɪʃt/ (journalism 新闻) poor 贫穷的；贫困的；清贫的◆Thousands of impoverished peasants are desperate to move to the cities.数以千计的贫困农民渴望移居城市。OPP prosperous , affluent ⇨ rich NOTE 辨析 Poor, needy or impoverished? Poor is the most general of these words and can be used to describe yourself, another individual person, people as a group or a country or area. Needy is mostly used to describe people considered as a group; it is not used to talk about yourself or individual people. * poor在这些词中含义最广，可以描述自己、个人、群体、国家或地区。needy多用于描述群体，不用于描述自己或个人◆poor / needy children / families贫困孩子／家庭◆They were too needy to buy shoes for the kids. Impoverished is used, especially in journalism, to talk about poor countries and the people who live there. (To talk about poor areas in rich countries, use deprived.) * impoverished尤用于新闻报道，形容贫困国家及那里的居民。（表示富裕国家中的贫困地区，用deprived。） ■ deprived [usually before noun] without enough food, education, and all the things that are necessary for people to live a happy and comfortable life 贫穷的；贫困的；穷苦的◆It's a very deprived area, with no amenities.那是个非常贫困的地区，没有基本的生活设施。◆We try to identify and provide support for emotionally deprived children.我们努力去寻找得不到关爱的儿童，并为他们提供援助。OPP privileged ⇨ rich see also deprivation ⇨ poverty NOTE 辨析 Disadvantaged or deprived?With disadvantaged the main emphasis is on the lack of opportunities to earn money, get an education and make a better life. With deprived the emphasis is more directly on the lack of adequate food, housing and other material comforts. People who are emotionally deprived do not get enough love or emotional comfort. * disadvantaged一词强调缺少赚钱、受教育和创造美好生活的机会。deprived一词更直接地强调没有充足的食物、住房和物质生活的安逸。emotionally deprived指得不到足够的关爱。■ penniless (literary) having no money; very poor 一文不名的；穷困的◆She arrived in 1978 as a virtually penniless refugee.1978年她刚来时可以说是个身无分文的难民。◆He died penniless in Paris.他死于巴黎，死时身无分文。■ destitute /ˈdestɪtjuːt; NAmE ˈdestɪtuːt/ [not usually before noun] (rather formal) without money, food and the other things necessary for life 贫困的；贫穷的；赤贫的◆When he died, his family was left completely destitute.他死后家里一贫如洗。 see also destitution ⇨ poverty ▸ the destitute noun [plural] ◆homes and refuges for the destitute穷人收容所■ ˌhard ˈup (informal) having very little money, especially for a short period of time （尤指暂时）拮据的，缺钱的◆After he lost his job he was so hard up he couldn't afford the price of a beer.失业后，他手头拮据，连一杯啤酒都买不起。◆A couple of hard-up students came looking for part-time jobs.来了两个拮据的学生，想找份兼职工作。OPP well off ⇨ rich poor2 adjective poor people/countries 穷人；穷国poor quality 质量差poor ♦︎ bad ♦︎ cheap ♦︎ low ♦︎ dismal ♦︎ (taboo) crap ♦︎ inferior ♦︎ (taboo) shit ♦︎ hopeless ♦︎ second-rateThese words all describe sth that is of a low standard or quality. 这些词均表示质量差的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a poor / a bad / a cheap / an inferior / a second-rate copy / imitation◆poor / bad / low / inferior / second-rate quality◆poor / bad / low visibility◆a poor / bad / low opinion of sb / sth◆a poor / a bad / a dismal / a crap / an inferior / a shit performance◆a poor / bad / dismal result / record◆a poor / a bad / a crap / an inferior / a shit design◆poor / bad / inferior / second-rate service◆poor / bad / inferior workmanship◆a poor / a low / a dismal / an inferior standard◆a bad / a cheap / a crap / an inferior / a shit / a second-rate product◆very poor / bad / low / inferior / second-rate■ poor below the standard or quality that is acceptable or expected 质次的；差的；次的◆We discussed the party's poor performance in the election.我们讨论了该党在选举中欠佳的表现。◆She's been in poor health for some time now.她健康不佳已有些时日。◆On the whole he had a poor opinion of human nature.总的来说，他认为人性本恶。◆It was raining heavily and visibility was poor.大雨倾盆，能见度低。OPP fine ⇨ good 1 ▸ poorly adverb ◆The job is relatively poorly paid.相对来说，这工作报酬很低。◆Our candidate fared poorly in the election (= did not get many votes).我们的候选人在选举中得票不多。■ bad (rather informal) of a poor quality or standard 质量差的；水平低的◆I thought it was a very bad article.我认为那是一篇低劣的文章。◆That's not a bad idea.那主意不错。◆This isn't as bad as I thought.这没我原来想的那么差。OPP good ⇨ good 1 ▸ badly adverb ◆She sang two songs, very badly.她唱了两首歌，唱得糟透了。◆The whole thing was badly organized.整件事的组织工作搞得一团糟。NOTE 辨析 Poor or bad? Poor is more frequent in written English in this meaning, but bad is used more in informal spoken English. Some words do not collocate with both poor and bad. * poor表达此义时较常用于书面语，bad多用于非正式的口语。有些词只能与poor或bad其中之一搭配◆They have a poor standard of living.他们的生活水平很低。◆a bad standard of living ◆I don't think it's a bad school.我认为这所学校不错。◆I don't think it's a poor school. ■ cheap low in price and quality 价廉质劣的◆The room was filled with the smell of cheap perfume.房间里弥漫着廉价香水的味道。◆The market has been flooded with cheap imports.市场里充斥着廉价进口货。 see also cheap ⇨ cheap ▸ cheaply adverb ◆The leaflet had been cheaply produced and photocopied.传单制作粗糙，影印质量差。■ low below the usual or expected standard or quality 低于通常（或预期）标准的；质量差的◆Much of the work was of a very low standard.大部分工作做得很差。◆These measures will lead to a lower quality of life for many older people.这些措施将导致许多老年人生活品质下降。 OPP high ⇨ high 1 ■ dismal / /ˈdɪzməl/ / (informal) not skilful or successful; of a very low standard 不熟练的；差劲的；不怎么样的◆The singer gave a dismal performance of some old songs.那歌手唱了几首老歌，唱得不怎么样。◆Their recent attempt to increase sales has been a dismal failure.他们最近努力想提高销售量，全都白费劲。ⓘ Dismal most often collocates with failure, performance, result, record and weather. * dismal最常与failure、performance、result、record和weather搭配。▸ dismally adverb ◆I tried not to laugh but failed dismally (= was completely unsuccessful).我尽量忍着不笑，但根本忍不住。■ crap (BrE) (NAmE crappy) (taboo, slang) of a very poor quality or standard 劣质的；糟糕的ⓘ Crap should only be used in an informal situation to sb who is your equal in age and status. If said to sb who is older or who considers themselves more important than you, it could cause very great offence. * crap仅限于在非正式场合与年龄、地位相仿的人交谈时使用。如果在与年长者或自认为地位更高的人说话时使用该词，可能会造成很大的冒犯◆I used to be in this really crap band.我曾在这个极差劲的乐队待过。◆a crappy movie / apartment差劲的电影／公寓 see also crap ⇨ rubbish noun ▸ crap adverb ◆ (BrE) The team played crap yesterday.这个队昨天的表现糟透了。■ inferior /ɪnˈfɪəriə(r); NAmE ɪnˈfɪriər/ (rather formal) not as good as sth else of the same kind 较差的；次的；比不上⋯的◆The cracks in the structure were due to the poor-quality materials and inferior workmanship.建筑物产生裂缝的原因是原料质量差、工艺水平低。◆Modern music is often considered inferior to that of the past.人们常认为现代音乐不如过去的音乐。 OPP superior ⇨ better , superior ⇨ good 1 ■ shit (BrE) (NAmE shitty) (taboo, slang) of a very poor quality or standard 劣质的；糟糕的ⓘ Shit should only be used in an informal situation to sb who is your equal in age and status. If said to sb who is older or who considers themselves more important than you, it could cause very great offence. It is an even stronger and more offensive term than crap. * shit仅限于在非正式场合与年龄、地位相仿的人交谈时使用。如果在与年长者或自认为地位更高的人说话时使用该词，会造成很大的冒犯。shit甚至比crap语义更强、更无礼◆I was a shit player.我球打得很臭。◆They're a shitty team.他们队臭极了。■ hopeless (BrE, informal) of a very low quality or standard of service （服务）糟透了的，极差的◆The buses are absolutely hopeless these days.如今的公交车简直糟糕透了。■ ˌsecond-ˈrate not as good as sth else of the same kind 二流的；平庸的；普通的◆Why do we only produce second-rate films?为什么我们只拍出二流的电影？ OPP first-rate ⇨ excellent incompetent adjective incompetent ♦︎ bad ♦︎ rotten ♦︎ poor ♦︎ inept ♦︎ useless ♦︎ inadequateThese words all describe sb who does not have the skill or ability to do a task as it should be done. 这些词均形容人无能力的、不胜任的、不称职的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆bad / rotten / poor / inept / useless at sth◆an incompetent / a bad / a rotten / a poor / a useless teacher / driver◆a bad / a rotten / a useless / an inadequate mother / father / parent◆hopelessly incompetent / inept / inadequate◆completely / totally incompetent / useless / inadequate◆very bad / poor / inept / inadequate■ incompetent / /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtənt; NAmE ɪnˈkɑːmpɪtənt/ (rather formal) not having the skill or ability to do your job or a task as it should be done 无能力的；不胜任的；不称职的◆She worked for years under an incompetent manager.她在一名不称职的经理手下工作了多年。◆They criticized his incompetent handling of the affair.他们批评了他在处理这件事上的无能表现。OPP competent ⇨ good 4 see also incompetent ⇨ loser noun 2 ▸ incompetence noun [uncountable] ◆government / police incompetence政府／警方的无能■ bad (especially spoken) not good or skilled at sth 不擅长的；不熟练的◆I would be a really bad teacher－I've no patience.我做老师可能会很不称职－我没有耐心。◆He's a bad loser (= he complains when he loses a game).他是个输不起的人。◆She is so bad at keeping secrets.她一点都不会保守秘密。 OPP good ⇨ good 4 ▸ badly adverb ◆He plays really badly.他表演得确实很差。■ rotten [usually before noun] (informal) very bad at sth 差劲的；拙劣的◆She's a rotten singer.她是个蹩脚的歌手。◆I've always been rotten at maths.我的数学一向很糟。 OPP great ⇨ good 4 ■ poor (rather formal) not good or skilled at sth 不擅长的；不熟练的◆Such a poor swimmer would not survive in that water for long.泳技这么差的人在那种水域里活不了很久。◆She's a good teacher but a poor manager.她长于教学，却拙于管理。OPP good ⇨ good 4 NOTE 辨析 Bad or poor? Poor is more formal than bad and is used more in written English. Bad is used more in spoken English. * poor比bad正式，较多用于书面语，bad较多用于口语。■ inept (rather formal) acting or done with no skill or judgement 缺乏技巧的；缺乏判断力的；笨拙的◆She was left feeling inept and inadequate.她被弄得自感笨拙无能。◆He made some particularly inept remarks.他说了一些特别蠢的话。ⓘ Inept is usually used to talk about sb's lack of social skills. * inept通常形容人缺乏社交技巧。▸ ineptitude /ɪˈneptɪtjuːd; NAmE ɪˈneptɪtuːd/ noun [uncountable] ◆the ineptitude of the police in handling the situation警方在处理这个局面时的无能■ useless (informal) very bad at sth; not able to do things well 差劲的；不行的；不擅长的◆I'm useless at French.我的法语不太行。◆Don't ask her to help. She's useless.别求她帮忙。她没那个能耐。NOTE 辨析 Rotten or useless? Rotten is used most often before a noun such as businessman, cook, driver, husband or wife; useless is more often used in the phrase useless at sth. * rotten最常用在businessman、cook、driver、husband、wife等名词前；useless最常用在短语useless at sth中◆useless at football / your job / remembering names不擅长足球；工作上无能；记不住名字Someone who is not able to do things well in general can be described as useless, but not 'rotten'. 笼统地形容人办事不力用useless，不用rotten◆Don't ask her to help. She's rotten. ■ inadequate /ɪnˈædɪkwət/ / not able, or not confident enough, to deal with a situation 不胜任的；缺乏信心的◆I felt totally inadequate as a parent.我觉得作为家长我完全不称职。ⓘ In this meaning, inadequate is usually used in the phrase to feel inadequate. When it comes before a noun, it usually describes a mother, father or parent. 表达此义时，inadequate通常用于短语to feel inadequate（感觉不称职）；另外也常用在名词前修饰mother、father或parent。 see also inadequate ⇨ inadequate |