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practical adj.
⇨ practical (practical experience) ⇨ possible 1 (a practical solution) ⇨ realistic 1 (Let's be practical.) ⇨ useful (practical shoes/clothing)practical noun
⇨ test 2practical adjective practical ♦︎ experimental ♦︎ empirical ♦︎ applied ♦︎ hands-onThese words all describe things that are connected with real situations rather than with ideas or theories. 这些词均表示实际的、真实的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆practical / experimental / empirical / applied knowledge◆practical / hands-on experience◆a practical / an experimental / an empirical investigation◆experimental / empirical evidence / research■ practical connected with real situations rather than with ideas or theories 实际的；真实的◆practical advice / help / support切实的忠告／帮助／支持◆practical problems / difficulties实际问题／困难◆There are some obvious practical applications of the research.显而易见，这项研究有一些实际用处。◆In practical terms, it means spending less.具体点说，那意味着少花些钱。◆From a practical point of view, it isn't a good place to live.实际一点看，这里不是理想的住处。 OPP theoretical ⇨ intellectual 1 ■ experimental connected with scientific experiments 科学实验的◆experimental conditions / methods / data实验条件／方法／数据◆experimental physics实验物理学 OPP theoretical ⇨ intellectual 1 ■ empirical / /ɪmˈpɪrɪkl/ / [usually before noun] (formal) based on experiments or experience rather than ideas or theories 以实验（或经验）为依据的；经验主义的◆an empirical study of children's language关于儿童语言的一个经验性研究■ applied [usually before noun] (especially of a subject of study) used in a practical way （尤指学科）应用性的，实用的◆applied mathematics (= as used by engineers, etc.) 应用数学 OPP pure ⓘ Pure describes subjects that people study to increase their knowledge of the subject, rather than in order to use that knowledge in a practical way. * pure形容学科时指旨在增加学科知识的纯理论性研究，不以知识的实际应用为目的◆technology as opposed to pure science subjects与纯科学学科相对的技术 ■ ˌhands-ˈon [usually before noun] (rather informal) doing sth rather than just talking about it 动手的；实际操作的◆hands-on computer training计算机操作培训◆You will need to gain hands-on experience of industry.你需要掌握生产制造的实际经验。 possible1 adjective It is possible to get there by bus. 可以乘公共汽车去那里。several possible explanations 几种合理的解释possible ♦︎ viable ♦︎ practical ♦︎ realistic ♦︎ feasible ♦︎ workable ♦︎ achievableThese words all describe things that can be done or achieved, or are worth trying because they are likely to be successful. 这些词均表示能做到的、切实可行的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be possible / realistic / feasible to do sth◆a viable / practical / realistic / feasible / workable solution / policy / plan◆a viable / practical / realistic / feasible means◆a viable / practical / realistic / workable alternative◆a realistic / an achievable goal / objective / target◆perfectly possible / viable / practical / feasible◆quite possible / practical / realistic / feasible◆very practical / realistic / feasible / achievable◆reasonably practical / realistic / achievable■ possible [not usually before noun] that can be done or achieved 可能；能做到；能取得◆It is possible to get there by bus.可以乘公共汽车去那里。◆This would not have been possible without you.如果没有你，这事恐怕就办不成了。◆Try to avoid losing your temper if (at all) possible (= if you can).尽可能别发脾气。◆Travel by bus whenever possible (= when you can).只要可能，尽量坐公交车。◆Do everything possible to get it finished on time.要想方设法按时完成。◆New technology has made it possible to communicate more easily.新技术使沟通更便捷了。OPP impossible ⇨ impossible see also possibility ⇨ opportunity , possibility ⇨ option , possibilities ⇨ potential ■ viable / /ˈvaɪəbl/ / (rather formal, especially business 尤用于商业) that can be done; that is likely to be successful and is therefore worth considering or supporting 可实施的；切实可行的◆There is no viable alternative.没有其他可行的方案。◆If there was any delay then the rescue plan would cease to be viable.如有拖延，援救计划便无法实施。ⓘ A company, plan or project that is commercially/economically/financially viable is capable of producing a profit. * commercially/economically/financially viable指公司、计划或项目能够赢利。■ practical sensible and appropriate; likely to be successful 切实可行的；行得通的◆It wouldn't be practical for us to go all that way just for the weekend.我们跑这么老远只为度个周末实在不切实际。◆It was difficult to find a practical solution to the problem.很难找到切实可行的解决这一问题的方案。ⓘ In this meaning practical is used to describe ideas, courses of action and ways of doing things. 表达此义时，practical用于描述观点、行动方式和做事方法◆a practical alternative / approach / measure / method / option / possibility / proposition可行的方案／方法／措施／方式／选择／手段／建议 OPP impractical ⇨ unrealistic ■ realistic sensible and appropriate; that can be achieved 切实可行的；能够实现的◆We must set realistic goals.我们必须订立切实的目标。◆If you want to retain good employees, you have to pay a realistic salary.要留住好员工，必须支付合理的薪水。ⓘ Realistic is often used to talk about what you can hope to achieve in business or at work. * realistic常用来谈论在业务或工作中有望实现的目标◆a realistic alternative / demand / estimate / goal / hope / option / plan / solution / target切实可行的方案／要求／估计／目标／希望／选择／计划／解决方法／目标 OPP unrealistic ⇨ unrealistic ▸ realistically adverb ◆Realistically, there is little prospect of a ceasefire.现实地看，停火的希望很渺茫。◆How many can you realistically hope to sell?实事求是地说，你有望卖出多少？■ feasible / /ˈfiːzəbl/ / that can probably be achieved and is therefore worth trying 可行的；行得通的◆It's just not feasible to manage the business on a part-time basis.兼职管理企业根本行不通。■ workable that can be used successfully and effectively 可行的；行得通的◆Gradually, through discussion, a workable plan emerged.通过讨论，一个切实可行的计划慢慢形成了。◆I'm sure we can come to some workable arrangement.我肯定我们能做一个切实可行的安排。ⓘ Workable is often used in business-related contexts to describe things such as a system or idea. * workable常用于公务相关的语境，如描述某一体系或观点◆a workable arrangement / framework / plan / programme / proposal / solution / system可行的安排／机制／计划／项目／建议／解决方法／体系 OPP unworkable ⇨ unrealistic ■ achievable (rather formal) that can be achieved 可达到的◆Profits of $20m look achievable.2 000万元的利润看来是可以完成的。◆Setting achievable goals will help to build confidence in your staff.制订可实现的目标有助于建立员工的自信心。ⓘ Achievable most often collocates with goal, objective, target and standard. * achievable最常与goal、objective、target和standard搭配。 realistic1 adjective take a realistic view of the situation 以客观切实的眼光审时度势a realistic drawing 逼真的绘画realistic ♦︎ pragmatic ♦︎ practical ♦︎ no-nonsense ♦︎ down-to-earth ♦︎ level-headed ♦︎ matter-of-factThese words all describe people dealing with situations in a calm and sensible way, without being affected by emotions. 这些词均表示切合实际的、实事求是的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be realistic / pragmatic / practical / down-to-earth / matter-of-fact about sth◆a realistic / pragmatic / practical / no-nonsense / down-to-earth / level-headed / matter-of-fact approach◆a realistic / pragmatic / practical / no-nonsense / down-to-earth / matter-of-fact attitude◆a realistic / pragmatic / practical solution◆a no-nonsense / practical / matter-of-fact manner / way◆a no-nonsense / matter-of-fact tone / voice◆a down-to-earth / practical / level-headed person◆very realistic / pragmatic / practical / down-to-earth / level-headed / matter-of-fact◆quite realistic / pragmatic / practical / matter-of-fact■ realistic (usually approving) accepting in a sensible way what it is actually possible to do or achieve in a particular situation 现实的；实际的；实事求是的◆This report takes a much more realistic view of the situation.这份报告以更为客观切实的眼光审时度势。◆We have to be realistic about our chances of winning.我们必须实事求是地估计我们获胜的可能性。◆It is not realistic to expect people to spend so much money.期望人们花那么多钱是不实际的。 OPP unrealistic ⇨ unrealistic ▸ realistically adverb ◆How many can you realistically hope to sell?实事求是地讲，你希望能卖出多少？■ pragmatic / /prægˈmætɪk/ / (usually approving, especially written) solving problems in a sensible way rather than by having fixed ideas or theories 实用的；讲求实效的；务实的◆We take a pragmatic approach to management problems.我们对管理问题采取务实的做法。ⓘ Being pragmatic often means finding solutions which do not follow traditional practices. Pragmatic is usually used to describe a course of action. * pragmatic常指解决问题时不遵循传统做法，一般用于形容处理问题的方法◆a pragmatic response / solution / approach / attitude务实的回应／解决方案／方法／态度 ▸ pragmatically adverb ◆The company responded pragmatically to local conditions.公司对当地情况作出了务实的回应。■ practical (usually approving) solving problems in a sensible way 明智的；切合实际的◆Let's be practical and work out the cost first.咱们实际一点儿，先计算一下成本费用。 OPP impractical ⇨ unrealistic see also practicalities ⇨ basics ■ ˌno-ˈnonsense [only before noun](of a person or the way they deal with sth) simple and direct, paying attention to the important practical things but not worrying about people's feelings （人或处事方式）简单直接的，直切重点的，不说废话的◆We adopt a no-nonsense approach to unpaid bills.我们采取直截了当的方法处理了未付账单。◆She was a tough, no-nonsense leader.她是个强势、讲求实际的领导。■ ˌdown-to-ˈearth (approving) sensible and practical in a way that is helpful and friendly 务实的；讲求实际的；踏实的◆She was friendly and down-to-earth, and quickly put me at my ease.她友善朴实，很快便使我放松下来了。ⓘ Down-to-earth is often used to talk about people who do not think that they are more important or educated than they really are, or than other people. * down-to-earth常形容人不自命清高。■ ˌlevel-ˈheaded (approving) calm and sensible; able to make good decisions even in difficult situations 冷静明智的；头脑清醒的；（在困境中）能作出正确决策的◆This position requires a level-headed person with experience in managing risk.这个职位要求一个头脑冷静、具备风险管理经验的人。■ ˌmatter-of-ˈfact said or done without showing any emotion, especially in a situation in which you would expect sb to express their feelings 不动感情的，据实的（尤指在认为某人会表达其感受的情况下）◆She told us the news of his death in a very matter-of-fact way.她很平静地将他去世的消息告诉了我们。◆He was very matter-of-fact about the breakdown of his marriage.他非常平静地对待自己婚姻破裂一事。 useful adjective useful ♦︎ convenient ♦︎ handy ♦︎ practical ♦︎ usable ♦︎ great for sth ♦︎ of use ♦︎ functionalThese words all describe sth which helps you do sth or is suitable for a particular purpose. 这些词均表示有用的、有帮助的、适用的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be useful / of use to sb◆to be useful / convenient / handy / great for doing sth◆useful / handy / practical tips / hints◆to come in useful / handy◆very / quite useful / convenient / handy / practical / usable / functional◆highly useful / convenient / practical / functional◆extremely useful / convenient / practical■ useful that can help you to do or achieve what you want 有用的；有益的；有帮助的◆a useful book / gadget有用的书／小器具◆It can be useful to write a short summary of your argument first.先把你的论点简要地总结一下写下来，可能会有帮助。◆He might be useful to us.我们也许用得上他。◆Don't just sit watching TV－make yourself useful!别光坐着看电视，帮一下忙吧！◆Some products can be recycled at the end of their useful life.有些产品过了有效使用期限后是可以回收再利用的。OPP useless ⇨ useless ▸ usefully adverb ◆The money could be more usefully spent on new equipment.这笔钱用在新设备上可能更有价值。■ convenient useful, easy or quick to use or do 实用的；便利的；省事的◆A bicycle is often more convenient than a car in towns.在城镇骑自行车往往比开车更方便。◆It is very convenient to pay by credit card.用信用卡付账非常方便。◆Fruit is a convenient source of vitamins and energy.水果是维生素和能量的便利来源。◆ (disapproving) He used his wife's birthday as a convenient excuse for not going to the meeting.他说要给妻子过生日，利用这个凑巧的借口就不去参加会议了。▸ conveniently adverb ◆The report can be conveniently divided into three main sections.这份报告可以很方便地划分为三个主要部分。■ handy (informal) convenient to use 易使用的；便利的◆The introductory booklet contains some handy tips for getting started.这本入门小册子里有一些如何上手的小窍门儿。◆Take your penknife－you never know when it might come in handy (= be handy).带上你的小折刀，说不定什么时候会用得到。■ practical (of things) useful or suitable for a particular situation （东西）有用的，适用的◆It's a practical little car－ideal for the city.那是很实用的小车，非常适合在城市里开。◆Travel by boat was often faster and more practical than travel along the primitive roads.乘船旅行往往比沿着简陋的公路旅行更快捷、更实际。■ usable that can be used; in good enough condition to be used 能用的；可用的；适用的◆How can we display this data in a usable form?我们如何把这些数据以实用形式展示出来呢？◆Take my bike－it's rusty, but it's perfectly usable.用我的自行车吧，虽然生锈了，但骑起来完全没问题。 OPP unusable ⇨ useless ■ great for sth phrase (informal, especially spoken) very suitable or useful for sth 很适合的；（对⋯）很有用的◆This gadget's great for opening jars.这小玩意儿开广口瓶好使得很。◆Try this cream－it's great for spots.试试这种乳霜吧，对消除皮肤斑点挺有效的。■ of use idiom (formal) useful 有用；有帮助◆Can I be of any use (= can I help)?有什么要我帮忙的吗？◆Your suggestion will be kept on file and may be of use should circumstances change.你的建议将存档，若情况有变，也许会有帮助。■ functional practical and useful; with little or no decoration 实用的；重功能轻装饰的◆Bathrooms don't have to be purely functional.浴室不必只讲求实用。◆The office is a functional working area, designed with efficiency in mind.这个办公室是个实用的工作场所，设计时考虑的是效能。 test2 noun a blood test 血液检测a driving test 驾照考试 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ assessment 另见assessment条test ♦︎ exam ♦︎ examination ♦︎ paper ♦︎ quiz ♦︎ oral ♦︎ practicalThese are all words for a set of questions for sb to answer or activities for them to carry out in order to see how much they know about a subject or what they can do. 这些词均表示对知识或能力的测验、考查。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a test / an exam / an examination / a quiz on sth◆a test / an exam / an examination in sth◆a written test / exam / examination / paper / quiz◆a practical test / exam / examination / paper◆a / an difficult / easy / important / final / end of year test / exam / examination◆a chemistry / geography, etc. test / exam / examination / paper / quiz / practical◆to pass / fail a test / an exam / an examination / a paper / a quiz / an oral / a practical◆to take a test / an exam / an examination / a paper / a quiz / a practical◆to do a test / an exam / an examination / a paper / a quiz◆to set / mark a test / an exam / an examination / a paper◆to grade a test / an exam / an examination / a paper / a quiz◆test / exam / examination / quiz questions■ test [countable] a set of questions for sb to answer or activities for them to carry out to in order to see how much they know about a subject or what they can do 测验；考查◆There are end of year tests in English, maths and science.年终有英语、数学和科学测验。◆ (BrE) a good mark in the test优良的测验成绩◆ (NAmE) a good grade on the test优良的测验成绩◆Is this a fair test of students' skills?这是对学生技能的公平测试吗？◆ (BrE) I took my driving test last week.我上周参加了驾照考试。◆ (NAmE) my driver's test我的驾照考试■ exam [countable] a formal written, spoken or practical test, especially at a school or college, to see how much you know about a subject or what you can do （尤指学校举行的正式）考试◆ (BrE) She did well in her exams.她考试考得不错。◆ (NAmE) She did well on her exams.她考试考得不错。◆ (BrE) to mark an exam阅卷评分◆ (NAmE) to grade an exam阅卷评分◆ (BrE) I got my exam results today.我今天拿到了考试成绩。◆ (NAmE) I got my exam grades / scores today.我今天拿到了考试成绩。◆ (BrE) He's practising hard for his piano exam.他为了钢琴考试刻苦练习。■ examination [countable] (formal) an exam 考试◆Students may enter for both examinations.学生可报考这两种考试。◆There has been a fall in the number of examination candidates.考试报名人数有所下降。NOTE 辨析 Test, exam or examination?An exam is a written, spoken or practical test at school or college, usually an important one at the end of a year, semester or course of study. In the US these are often called final exams or just finals. In Britain, finals is only used to mean the exams at the end of a degree programme. Examination is a much more formal word for an exam. A test is sth that students might be given in the middle of a year, semester or course of study, covering only part of the material. Test is also usually used when it is a practical skill or physical or mental ability, rather than academic knowledge, that is being tested. * exam是学校举行的考试，形式可以是笔试、口试或操作考试，通常为年终、期末或课程结业时的重要考试。在美国，这种考试常称为final exams，或仅称finals。在英国，finals仅指学位课程结束时的考试。examination是exam正式得多的说法。test指在年度、学期或课程学习中间进行的测验，仅考查部分学习内容。test亦常指对操作技能、体能或智力，而非学术知识的测试◆an endurance test耐力测试◆an IQ test智商测试◆ (BrE) a driving test驾照考试◆ (NAmE) a driver's test驾照考试 ■ paper [countable] (BrE) a set of exam questions on a particular subject; the answers that people write to the questions 试卷；试题；答卷◆The geography paper was hard.地理试题很难。◆She spent the evening marking exam papers.她用了一个晚上批阅试卷。■ quiz (plural quizzes) [countable] (especially NAmE) a short informal test given to students 小测验◆After reading a book, students take a short reading comprehension quiz.读了一本书后，学生做了一次阅读理解小测验。◆We had a pop quiz (= one that we were not told about in advance) in math class today.我们今天的数学课进行了突击小测验。■ oral / /ˈɔːrəl/ / [countable] a spoken exam 口试◆I've got my French oral on Tuesday.我星期二要参加法语口试。◆He passed the written exam, but failed the oral.他通过了笔试，但口试不及格。ⓘ In British English, an oral is usually an exam in a foreign language to test your speaking skills. In American English, an oral usually refers to a spoken exam in college in which the student answers questions in any subject. 在英式英语中，oral通常指外语考试中的口试。在美式英语中，oral通常指大学里学生回答某科目问题的口试。■ practical [countable] (BrE, rather informal) a lesson or exam in science or technology in which students have to do or make things, not just read and write about them 实习课；实践课；实验考核◆The course involves lectures, demonstrations and practicals.这门课程包括讲课、演示和实习。◆The second part of the exam is a three-hour practical.考试第二部分是三个小时的实际操作。 |