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principle noun
⇨ principle 1 (a matter of principle) ⇨ principle 2 (the principle that…) ⇨ theory 1 (It works on a very simple principle.)principle1 noun a matter of principle 原则问题the principle that education should be available to all 所有人都应有权受教育的观念 ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ morality and ⇨ values 另见morality条和values条principle ♦︎ ethics ♦︎ ideal ♦︎ standards ♦︎ morals ♦︎ moralityThese are all words for a moral rule or strong belief that influences people's actions. 这些词均表示道德规范、道德意识。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆high principles / ideals / standards◆personal principles / ethics / standards / morality◆public ethics / morals / morality◆moral principles / ideals / standards◆religious principles / ideals / morality◆political principles / ethics / ideals / morality◆professional ethics / standards◆have (no / high etc.) principles / ideals / standards / morals◆compromise your principles / ideals / standards◆betray your principles / ideals◆a matter / question of principle / ethics / morality■ principle [countable, usually plural, uncountable] a moral rule or strong belief that influences your actions 道德原则；行为准则；规范◆I refuse to lie about it－it's against my principles.我绝不就此事说谎－那样做违背我的原则。◆Stick to your principles and tell him you won't do it.要恪守自己的原则，告诉他你是不会干的。◆He doesn't invest in the arms industry on principle.他有自己的原则，不投资军火工业。 see also unprincipled ⇨ corrupt ■ ethics / /ˈeθɪks/ / [plural] moral principles that control or influence sb's actions; the degree to which sth is right or wrong according to these principles 道德准则；伦理标准；道德水平◆Their professional body is drawing up a code of ethics (= a statement of acceptable principles for a particular group).他们的专业组织正在拟订一套职业道德规范。◆He began to question the ethics of his position.他开始质疑自己的立场是否符合道德准则。ⓘ Ethics is used especially about the principles that control a particular area of activity, especially business or professional life. Collocates include professional, business and medical. * ethics尤指商业道德或职业道德，与之搭配的词有professional、business和medical。 see also ethical ⇨ good 5 , ethical ⇨ moral , ethic ⇨ values ■ ideal [countable] an idea or standard that seems perfect and worth trying to achieve or obtain 理想；看似完美的思想（或标准）◆His followers sometimes found it hard to live up to his high ideals.他的追随者有时觉得很难达到他的高标准。◆Is true love an unattainable ideal (= one that can never be achieved)?真爱是渺不可得的吗？■ standards [plural] a level of behaviour that sb considers to be morally acceptable 行为标准；道德水准◆Standards aren't what they used to be.现在的行为标准跟以前不一样了。◆We intend to uphold standards of behaviour throughout the college.我们希望维护整所大学的道德水平。■ morals [plural] standards or principles of good behaviour, especially in sexual matters （尤指性方面的）品行，道德◆He thinks that young people these days have no morals.他觉得现在的年轻人根本不讲道德。◆The play was considered an affront to public morals.人们认为这出戏有辱公德。 see also amoral ⇨ corrupt , moral ⇨ good 5 , moral ⇨ moral ■ morality / /məˈræləti/ / [uncountable] a system of moral principles followed by a particular person or group of people; the degree to which sth is right or wrong according to these principles 道德规范；道德体系；道德水平◆Whatever her personal morality, she has no right to judge others.不管她的个人品行如何，她都没有权利去评判他人。◆There is a continuing debate on the morality of abortion.关于堕胎是否道德的辩论持续不休。 see also moral ⇨ good 5 , moral ⇨ moral principle2 noun a matter of principle 原则问题the principle that education should be available to all 所有人都应有权受教育的观念principle ♦︎ rule ♦︎ law ♦︎ tenetThese are all words for a belief about the way sb should behave and what actions they should take. 这些词均表示行事原则、行为准则。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the principle / rule / law / tenet that ...◆a basic / fundamental principle / rule / law / tenet◆a moral principle / rule / law◆a religious principle / law◆to accept a principle / rule / tenet◆to apply a principle / rule■ principle [countable, uncountable] a belief that is accepted as a reason for acting or thinking in a particular way 观念；（行动或思想的）理由；信条◆Their policy is based on the principle that free education should be available for all children.他们的政策以所有儿童都有权享受免费教育的理念为基础。◆The order to show no mercy was contrary to the most basic principles of their religion.绝不心慈手软这一命令与他们宗教最基本的信条相背离。 see also principle ⇨ theory 1 ■ rule [countable] a statement of what you do, or are advised to do, in a particular type of situation 规矩；准则◆I've made it a rule not to talk to the press.我已立下规矩，不接受媒体采访。◆There are no hard and fast rules for planning healthy meals.在安排健康饮食方面，没有什么一定之规。◆The golden rule (= most important rule) of teaching is to remember that all children learn at different rates.做教师最重要的一条是要牢记孩子学习有快有慢。 see also rule ⇨ habit , rule ⇨ rule noun , rule ⇨ theory 1 , as a rule ⇨ usually ■ law [countable, uncountable] a rule or set of rules for good behaviour or how you should behave in a particular situation 良好行为的准则；（某场合下的）行为规范◆He frequently behaved as though moral laws did not exist.他的所作所为常常无视道德准则的存在。 see also law ⇨ rule noun , law ⇨ theory 1 ■ tenet / /ˈtenɪt/ / [countable] (formal) one of the principles or beliefs that a theory or larger set of beliefs is based on 原则；信条；教义◆Underlying Leninism was the tenet that revolution was inevitable.列宁主义的根本信条是革命是不可避免的。 theory1 noun the theory of relativity 相对论I have this theory that... 依我看⋯theory ♦︎ principle ♦︎ law ♦︎ rule ♦︎ theoremThese are all words for an idea or set of ideas that explains why sth happens or why sth exists. 这些词均表示学说、理论、原理。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a theory / law / rule / theorem about sth◆the theory / principle behind sth◆in theory / principle◆the theory / principle / law / rule / theorem that...◆a basic / fundamental theory / principle / law / rule / theorem◆a mathematical theory / principle / law / rule / theorem◆a scientific theory / principle / law / rule◆to prove a theory / principle / law / rule / theorem◆to define a law / rule◆to apply a theory / principle◆a theory / principle / law / rule / theorem states that...■ theory [countable, uncountable] a formal set of ideas that is intended to explain why sth happens or exists; the ideas on which a particular subject is based 学说；理论◆There are conflicting theories as to the very early origins of mankind.关于人类最早的起源有些相互矛盾的理论。◆According to Einstein's theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light.根据爱因斯坦的相对论，任何东西都无法超越光速。◆He wrote a number of books on political theory.他撰写了几本政治理论方面的书。◆In theory, all children get an equal chance at school.从理论上讲，所有孩子在学校都能获得平等的机会。 see also theoretical ⇨ intellectual 1 ■ principle [countable, uncountable] an idea or theory that sth is based on; a general or scientific idea that explains how sth works or why sth happens 法则；原则；原理；定律◆The principle behind it is very simple.这背后的原理很简单。◆We must get back to first principles (= the basic principles of sth).我们必须回到根本原则上来。◆It is based on the principle that heat rises.这是基于热气上升的定律。◆A tidal current turbine is similar in principle to a windmill.潮流涡轮机从原理上和风车相似。 see also principle ⇨ principle 2 ■ law [countable] the fact that sth always happens in the same way in an activity or in nature; a scientific statement made by sb that explains a natural process 规律；法则；原理；定律◆The usual laws of supply and demand do not seem to apply in this case.一般的供求规律似乎不适用于这种情况。◆Do you remember anything about Ohm's Law?你还记得欧姆定律吗？ see also law ⇨ principle 2 ■ rule [countable] a statement of what is possible according to a particular system, for example the grammar of a language 规则；法则◆He's a writer who doesn't seem to know the most basic rules of English grammar.他这个作家似乎连最基本的英语语法规则都不知道。 see also rule ⇨ principle 2 ■ theorem /ˈθɪərəm; NAmE ˈθiːərəm, ˈθɪrəm/ [countable] (technical 术语) a rule or principle, especially in mathematics, that can be proved to be true （尤指数学）定理◆Work out the answer using Pythagoras's Theorem.运用毕达哥拉斯定理算出答案。 |