| 例句 |
promise noun
⇨ promise (keep/break a promise) ⇨ potential (show great promise)promise verb
⇨ promise (Promise not to tell!) ⇨ threaten 3 (It promises to be an exciting few days.) promise noun promise ♦︎ commitment ♦︎ word ♦︎ pledge ♦︎ guarantee ♦︎ oath ♦︎ assurance ♦︎ vowThese are all words for a statement that you will definitely do or not do sth or that you are sure that sth will happen. 这些词均表示诺言、保证。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a promise / a commitment / your word / a pledge / a guarantee / an oath / a vow to do sth◆a promise / your word / a pledge / a guarantee / an oath / an assurance / a vow that...◆a / your solemn promise / word / oath / assurance / vow◆a firm promise / commitment / pledge / guarantee / assurance◆a formal commitment / guarantee / oath / assurance◆a written promise / commitment / guarantee / assurance◆to give a promise / a commitment / your word / a pledge / a guarantee / an assurance◆to make a promise / commitment / pledge / guarantee / vow◆to take a pledge / an oath / a vow◆to have sb's promise / commitment / word / assurance◆to honour your promise / commitment / word / pledge / assurance◆to keep your promise / commitment / word / vow◆to break a promise / a commitment / your word / a pledge / a vow■ promise [countable] a statement that tells sb that you will definitely do or not do sth 诺言；许诺；承诺◆I try not to make promises that I can't keep.我尽量不承诺无法兑现的事。◆He simply broke every single promise he ever made me.他给我的承诺没有一个兑现。◆She had obviously forgotten her promise to call me.她显然把答应给我打电话的事忘得一干二净了。◆You haven't gone back on your promise to me, have you?你答应我的该不会反悔了吧？◆I won't be late. That's a promise!我不会迟到的。说话算数！■ commitment [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) a promise or determination to do sth or to behave in a particular way; a promise to support sb/sth; the fact of making a commitment 承诺；许诺承担；保证◆She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment.她不想在此刻对史蒂夫作出感情上的重大承诺。◆The company's commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.这家公司保证物美价廉的承诺是它取得成功的决定性因素。◆He questioned the government's commitment to public services.他对政府在公共服务上作出的承诺提出质疑。 see also committed ⇨ reliable 1 ■ word [singular] a promise that you will do sth or that sth will happen or is true 诺言；许诺；保证◆I give you my word that it won't happen again.我向你保证这种事不会再发生了。◆I never doubted her word.我从不怀疑她的许诺。◆They claimed that the minister had gone back on her word (= broken her promise).他们称部长没有兑现她的许诺。◆We only have his word for it that he wasn't there that night.他只是向我们保证他那天晚上没在那里。◆She won't go to the police. You can take my word for it (= believe me).她不会报警的，相信我说的话吧。■ pledge [countable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) a serious promise 保证；诺言；誓约◆The new leader demanded a pledge of loyalty from each of his allies.新的领导人要求每一位盟友发誓对他忠诚。◆Will the government honour its election pledge not to raise taxes?政府会信守他们的竞选诺言不提高税收吗？■ guarantee / /ˌgærənˈtiː/ / [countable] a firm promise that you will do sth or that sth will happen 保证；担保◆The union wants cast-iron guarantees that there will be no job losses.工会想得到确实可靠的不裁员保证。NOTE 辨析 Promise, pledge or guarantee? Promise is the most frequent and most general of these words, and the only one of these three to use in the context of personal relationships. * promise在三个词中最常见、含义最宽泛，是唯一能在个人关系语境中使用的词◆She had obviously forgotten her pledge/guarantee to call me. Pledge is used especially in the context of politics and the things that politicians promise in order to get elected. * pledge尤用于政治语境，可指从政者为求当选而作的承诺◆election / campaign / manifesto pledges竞选承诺◆spending pledges given by the government政府就支出所作的保证 Guarantee is used especially in matters of business involving companies or organizations. * guarantee尤指公司或机构所作的业务担保。 ■ oath / /əʊθ; NAmE oʊθ/ [countable] (rather formal) a formal promise to do sth; a formal statement that sth is true 宣誓；誓言◆All the barons were called on to swear an oath of allegiance to the king.所有的男爵都被召来宣誓效忠国王。◆Before giving evidence, witnesses in court have to take the oath (= promise to tell the truth).作证之前，证人必须当庭宣誓据实作证。ⓘ If you are or do sth on/under oath, you have made a formal promise to tell the truth in court. * on/under oath表示已经当庭宣誓据实作证◆The judge reminded the witness that he was still under oath.法官提醒证人他已当庭宣过誓。■ assurance /əˈʃʊərəns, əˈʃɔːrəns; NAmE əˈʃʊrəns/ [countable] (rather formal) a statement that sth will certainly be true or will certainly happen, particularly when there has been doubt about it （尤指有质疑时的）保证，担保◆They asked for assurances on the safety of the system.他们要求保证系统安全。◆Despite assurances to the contrary the birds are still being sold as pets.尽管曾担保不会这样，但是这些鸟还是被当作宠物卖掉。■ vow /vaʊ/ / [countable] a formal and serious promise, especially a religious one, to do sth （尤指宗教的）誓，誓言，誓约◆The monks take a vow of silence.修士要守默誓。◆She would not be unfaithful to her marriage vows.她不会不忠于自己的结婚誓言。 potential noun potential ♦︎ prospects ♦︎ promise ♦︎ possibilitiesThese are all words for the possibility of sth happening or being developed or used successfully. 这些词均表示可能性、潜在性。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆potential / prospects / possibilities for sth◆sb / sth with potential / prospects / promise / possibilities◆real / great potential / prospects / promise / possibilities◆exciting / future potential / prospects / possibilities◆commercial / development / economic potential / prospects / possibilities◆to have potential / prospects / promise / possibilities◆to offer potential / prospects / possibilities◆to show potential / promise◆to fulfil sb / sth's potential / promise◆to assess / examine / consider / discuss / explore sb / sth's potential / prospects / possibilities■ potential / /pəˈtenʃl/ / [uncountable] the possibility of sth happening or being developed or used; qualities that exist in sb/sth and can be developed 可能性；潜在性；潜力◆It is clear that the potential for change is there.很明显存在发生变革的可能性。◆She has great potential as an artist.她极具艺术家的潜质。◆All children should be encouraged to realize their full potential.应当鼓励每一个孩子充分发挥自己的潜能。ⓘ People and things generally have/show potential when they have qualities that can be developed. When they use these qualities successfully, they fulfil, reach or realize their potential. * have/show potential一般指人或事物有进一步发展的潜力，fulfil、reach或realize与potential搭配表示发挥这些潜能。 see also potential ⇨ likely adj. ■ prospects [plural] the chances of being successful, especially in your career （尤指事业）成功的机会，前景，前途◆They want a reasonable salary and good career prospects.他们既希望得到合理的报酬，又希望在事业上有发展。◆At 25 he was an unemployed musician with no prospects.25岁的他是个没有工作、前途渺茫的乐师。◆What are the prospects of promotion in this job?做这份工作有多少晋升的机会？ see also prospective ⇨ likely adj. ■ promise [uncountable] a sign that sb/sth will be successful 将获成功的迹象◆Her work shows great promise.她的作品显示她大有前途。◆Their future was full of promise.他们前途无量。 see also promising ⇨ promising ■ possibilities [plural] qualities that exist in sth and can be developed 潜力◆The house is in a bad state of repair but it has possibilities.这所房子虽年久失修，但仍有价值。 see also possible ⇨ possible 1 NOTE 辨析 Potential or possibilities?People or things can have potential, but especially people; things, but not usually people, can have possibilities. * potential用于人或事物，尤其指人的潜力。possibility用于事物，通常不用于人。 promise verb promise ♦︎ guarantee ♦︎ swear ♦︎ pledge ♦︎ commit ♦︎ assure ♦︎ vow ♦︎ undertakeThese words all mean to tell sb that you will definitely do sth or that sth will happen. 这些词均表示许诺、保证、发誓。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to swear / vow to sb (that...)◆to promise / guarantee / swear / pledge / vow / undertake to do sth◆to promise / guarantee / swear / pledge / vow that...◆to promise / guarantee / pledge your support◆to swear / pledge allegiance / loyalty◆to swear / vow revenge / eternal friendship / undying love◆to solemnly promise / swear / vow / undertake sth■ promise [transitive, intransitive] to tell sb that you will definitely do or not do sth, or that sth will definitely happen 许诺；答应；保证◆'Promise not to tell anyone!' 'I promise.'“你要保证不告诉任何人！”“我保证。”◆I'll see what I can do but I can't promise anything.我会看看我能做什么，但不能作什么承诺。◆You promised me (that) you'd be home early tonight.你答应过我今晚会早回家的。◆'I'll be back soon,' she promised.“我马上回来。”她答应说。◆He promised the money to his grandchildren.他答应把这笔钱留给孙辈。■ guarantee / /ˌgærənˈtiː/ / [transitive] to tell sb that sth definitely will or will not happen, or that you defintely will or will not do sth 保证；担保；保障◆Basic human rights, including freedom of speech, are now guaranteed.包括言论自由在内的基本人权如今都有了保障。◆The ticket will guarantee you free entry.这张票将保证你免费入场。◆We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.我们保证一周内交货。NOTE 辨析 Promise or guarantee?When you promise sth, you make a personal commitment to the person you are talking to, usually to do sth. Guarantee is less personal: when you guarantee sth, you mean that you will make sure that it happens. You have a moral duty to do what you have promised, but no one can legally force you to do it. You may have a legal duty to do what you have guaranteed, but people often use the word guarantee without actually accepting a legal duty: they mean it as a stronger form of promise. * promise指作出个人之间的承诺，通常指承诺做某事。guarantee不那么个人化，表示保证某事会发生。promise指作出道德上有义务兑现的承诺，但该承诺不具有法律约束力。guarantee可以指作出法律上有履约义务的保证，但使用这个词时常常并不真的表示具有法律效力，只是一种比promise语义更强的保证。■ swear (swore, sworn) [transitive, intransitive, no passive] to make a serious or official promise to do sth or to tell the truth, for example in court 郑重承诺，发誓（如在法庭上）◆She made him swear not to tell anyone.她让他发誓不告诉任何人。◆He swore revenge on the man who had killed his father.他发誓要报杀父之仇。◆I swear to God I had nothing to do with it.我对天发誓，我跟这事一点关系都没有。◆Witnesses were required to swear on the Bible.证人须手按《圣经》宣誓。◆ (spoken) I think I put the keys back in the drawer, but I couldn't swear to it (= I'm not completely sure).我想我把钥匙放回抽屉里了，不过我不敢肯定。■ pledge [transitive] to formally promise to give or do sth 正式承诺；保证给予（或做）◆Japan pledged $100 million in humanitarian aid.日本承诺提供1亿元的人道主义援助。◆Politicians of all parties pledged their support for the idea.各党派的政客都保证支持这个主张。◆The government has pledged that it will not raise taxes.政府保证不增加税收。■ commit (-tt-) [transitive] to promise sincerely that you will definitely do sth or keep to an agreement or arrangement, knowing that failure to do so may make things difficult for you; to give an opinion or make a decision openly so that it is then difficult to change it 承诺，保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排）；（公开）表明意见，作出决定（使得日后难以更改）◆Several countries were reluctant to commit themselves to the treaty.有几个国家不愿签署这项条约。◆The party was committed to reforming the electoral system.该党承诺要改革选举体制。◆You don't have to commit yourself now, just think about it.你不必现在表态，只需考虑一下这事。 see also committed ⇨ reliable 1 ■ assure / /əˈʃʊə(r), əˈʃɔː(r); NAmE əˈʃʊr/ [transitive] to tell sb that sth is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when they have doubts about it （尤指有质疑时）使确信，向⋯保证◆We were assured that everything possible was being done.我们得到保证：正在尽一切努力。◆She's perfectly safe, I can assure you.她绝对安全，我可以向你保证。◆We assured him of our loyal support.我们向他保证会忠诚地支持他。■ vow /vaʊ/ / [transitive] (rather formal, especially written) to make a formal and serious promise to do sth 起誓；立誓；发誓◆She vowed never to speak to him again.她发誓再也不和他说话。◆They vowed eternal friendship.他们立誓要友谊长存。NOTE 辨析 Swear or vow?People can swear that things are, have been or will be true, but vow is more often used to talk about things you are determined to do in the future. * swear可以指发誓事情在过去、现在或将来会如此，但vow较常指发誓将来一定做某事。■ undertake /ˌʌndəˈteɪk; NAmE ˌʌndərˈteɪk/ (undertook, undertaken) [transitive] (formal or business 商业) to agree or promise that you will do sth 承诺；许诺；答应◆They undertook to finish the job by Friday.他们答应周五之前完成这一工作。 threaten3 verb threaten sb with a gun 用枪恐吓某人Pollution is threatening marine life. 污染正危及海洋生物。a storm threatens 风暴逼近threaten ♦︎ promise ♦︎ herald ♦︎ bode well/illThese words all mean to seem likely to happen or to be a sign that sth will happen. 这些词均表示逼近、预示、预兆。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to threaten / promise to do sth◆to threaten / promise / herald rain◆to promise / herald a (new) beginning■ threaten [intransitive, transitive](of sth unpleasant) to seem likely to happen; to seem likely to cause sth unpleasant 预示（凶兆）；有⋯危险◆A storm was threatening.暴风雨即将来临。◆When war threatens, people act irrationally.受到战争威胁时，人们的行为失去理性。◆This dispute threatens to split the party.这个分歧可能会造成党的分裂。◆The clouds threatened rain.乌云密布，预示大雨将至。 see also threat ⇨ risk 1 ■ promise [transitive] to make sth seem likely to happen, or show signs of sth happening, especially sth new or positive 使很可能；预示将出现（尤指新的或好的事物）◆It promises to be an exciting few days.那可望是兴奋刺激的几天。◆The new drug promises to bring relief to thousands of asthma sufferers.这种新药可能会让成千上万的哮喘患者症状得以缓解。◆It was a disappointing end to a season which had promised so much for the team.这个赛季该队本来大有希望，但结局却令人失望。▸ promise noun [uncountable, singular] ◆The day dawned bright and clear, with the promise of warm sunny weather.拂晓时晴空万里，预示着温暖晴朗的天气。■ herald / /ˈherəld/ / [transitive] (written) to be a sign that sth is going to happen, especially sth new and positive 是⋯的（好）兆头；预示将出现（尤指新的或好的事物）◆These talks could herald a new era of peace.这些谈判可能预示着新的和平时代的来临。◆Voices and footsteps outside heralded their return.外面的说话声和脚步声预示着他们回来了。▸ herald noun [countable] ◆The government claims that the fall in unemployment is the herald of economic recovery.政府宣称失业人数减少是经济复苏的先兆。■ bode ˈwell■ bode ˈill idiom (written) to be a sign that sth good/bad is going to happen 是吉兆；是凶兆◆These figures do not bode well for the company's future.这些数据显示公司的前景不妙。 |