| 例句 |
reserve verb
⇨ reserve (A place has been reserved for you.) ⇨ order 2 (reserve a seat)reserve noun
⇨ fund (reserves of capital) ⇨ replacement (play for the reserves) ⇨ supply (oil reserves) reserve verb reserve ♦︎ save ♦︎ keep ♦︎ holdThese words all mean to prevent sth from being used so that it can be used in the future by a particular person or for a particular reason. 这些词均表示保留、预留。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆reserve / save / keep sth for sb / sth◆reserve / save / keep / hold a seat / place for sb◆save / keep some food for sb■ reserve [transitive, usually passive] to prevent sth from being used so that it can be used in the future by a particular person 保留；预留◆These seats are reserved for special guests.这些座位是留给贵宾的。◆She got all the media attention usually reserved for celebrities.媒体把通常只给名人的关注全部给了她。◆I am pleased to inform you that a place has been reserved for you in this class.很高兴的告诉你，这个班已经给你预留了位置。ⓘ You can also reserve a seat, table, room, etc. for yourself by asking for it to be kept for you. * reserve还可以指预订座位、餐位、房间等。 see also reserve ⇨ order verb 2 ■ save [transitive] to reserve sth for sb else to use 保留；保存◆I've saved some food for you.我为你留了些吃的。◆I won't save you a seat if you're late.要是你迟到，我不会为你留座位的。■ keep (kept, kept) [transitive] (especially BrE) to save sth for sb （为某人）保留，留下◆I've kept two seats for us near the front.我已为我们留了两个前排座位。◆The man in the shop said he'd keep it for me until Friday.那个店员说他会替我留到周五。NOTE 辨析 Reserve, save or keep? Reserve is used especially when sth is officially saved for sb/sth: you might have a place reserved for you in a class, but you would not 'reserve some food for sb'. Save is more often used if sth is reserved for you unofficially, for example by a friend. Keep is similar to save and is used especially in British English. * reserve尤指正式保留，可表示在班上预留学习名额，但不表示为某人留食物。save常指非正式预留，如朋友代为预留。keep用法与save类似，尤用于英式英语。■ hold (held, held) [transitive] (formal) to keep a seat, place or room reserved for sb 保存，保留（预订）◆We can hold your reservation for three days.您的预订我们可以保留三天。 order2 verb order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事order goods/a taxi/a meal 订货；叫出租车；点餐arrangeorder your thoughtsrankordered alphabeticallyrule2order that sth must happenorder ♦︎ book ♦︎ hire ♦︎ rent ♦︎ charter ♦︎ reserveThese words all mean to ask for sth to be made available for you at a later time, or to pay to use sth temporarily. 这些词均表示预订、预约或租借、租用。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to order / book / hire / rent / charter / reserve sth for sb◆to book / reserve a place / seat / table / ticket◆to book / hire / rent / reserve a room / hall◆to book / rent a DVD / video◆to book / charter a flight◆to hire / rent a bicycle / a boat / a car / equipment / a movie / a van / a vehicle◆to hire / charter a plane / vessel / yacht◆to order / book / reserve sth for eight o'clock / this evening / midday, etc.■ order [transitive, intransitive] to ask for goods to be made or supplied or for sth to be provided; to ask to be served with sth to eat or drink 订购；订货；点（食物或饮料）◆The furniture can be ordered direct from the manufacturer.这些家具可向厂方直接订货。◆I'd like to order some books, please.请帮我订几本书可以吗？◆I'll order you a taxi.我会给你叫辆出租车。◆I've ordered some sandwiches.我点了一些三明治。◆The waiter asked if we were ready to order.服务员问我们是否要点菜。 see also order ⇨ request noun ■ book [transitive, intransitive] (especially BrE) to arrange with a hotel or theatre to have a room or seat on a particular date; to arrange for sb to have a seat on a plane, train or ship （向旅馆或戏院）预约，预订；给某人预订飞机（或火车、轮船）座位◆The hotel is fully booked that weekend.旅馆那个周末订满了。◆The seminars get quickly booked up (= have no more places available).研讨会的席位很快就预订一空。◆I've booked you on the 9.30 flight.我给你订了9点30分的飞机票。◆Book early to avoid disappointment.及早预订，以免向隅。 see also book ⇨ schedule verb ■ hire [transitive] (BrE) to pay money to borrow sth for a short time 租用；租借◆There's a place where you can hire bikes for the day.有个地方可以租自行车用一天。◆They hired a room above a pub for the wedding reception.他们在酒馆楼上租了一个房间办婚宴。▸ hire noun [uncountable] ◆bicycles for hire, £4 an hour自行车出租，每小时4英镑◆The costumes are on hire from the local theatre.戏装可向本地剧院租用。■ rent [transitive] (especially NAmE) to pay money to borrow sth for a short time 租用；租借◆She rented a car at the airport.她在机场租了一辆汽车。◆He had a list of movies they had rented from the local video store.他有一份他们从本地录像带商店租借过的电影清单。NOTE 辨析 Hire or rent?In British English you hire vehicles, rooms or tools, but you rent DVDs or videos. In American English rent is used for all these things. However, for larger vehicles that usually carry paying passengers, use charter. 在英式英语中，租车、租房间或租用工具用hire，但租DVD或录像带用rent。在美式英语中，租所有这些东西都用rent。不过，租用通常载送付费乘客的大型交通工具则用charter。■ charter [transitive] to hire a plane, boat, bus or train 包租（飞机、船、公共汽车或火车）◆The club chartered a special flight from Manchester to Turin.俱乐部包租了一架从曼彻斯特飞往都灵的专机。▸ charter noun [uncountable] ◆a yacht available for charter可供租赁的游艇■ reserve [transitive] (rather formal) to ask for a seat, table, room or place on a course to be available for you or sb else at a future time 预订，预约（座位、席位、房间）；预留（课程名额）◆They had reserved seats on the train.他们已经在火车上预订了座位。◆Please reserve a place for me on the software training day.请在软件培训日那天给我留一个名额。NOTE 辨析 Book or reserve? Book usually means to make a firm arrangement which often includes making a payment at the same time or being charged if you cancel. Reserve means to ask for sth to be kept for you and does not usually require payment in advance, except in the case of seats on a train. You can also say make a reservation, which is the most usual way to express this idea in American English. * book通常指作出确定的安排，常包括在预订的同时付款，又或者如果取消预订也要交一定的费用。reserve指预订、预留某物，通常不要求预先付款，除非是预订火车座位。也可以说make a reservation，这是美式英语中表达此义最常见的用法◆I'd like to make a reservation for August 14.我想预订8月14日的座位。 see also reserve ⇨ reserve , reservation ⇨ request fund noun fund ♦︎ budget ♦︎ account ♦︎ savings ♦︎ reserve ♦︎ pocket ♦︎ purse ♦︎ stashThese are all words for money that has been saved or is available for a particular purpose. 这些词均表示基金、专款、资金。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to pay sth from / out of a fund / a budget / an account / your savings / your reserves / your own pocket / the purse◆to have sth in a fund / a budget / an account◆(a) small fund / budget / reserves / stash◆(a) large fund / budget / reserves◆sb's private fund / budget / account / savings / purse◆sb's family fund / budget / savings / purse◆sb's personal budget / account / savings / stash◆a / the public fund / budget / purse◆to have a fund / a budget / an account / savings / reserves / a stash◆to dip into a fund / a budget / your savings / your reserves / your pocket / your purse◆to build up a fund / savings / reserves◆to spend a fund / a budget / your savings / your reserves◆to manage a fund / a budget / an account / your savings / your reserves■ fund [countable] money that has been saved or has been made available for a particular purpose 基金；专款◆She made a donation to the local cancer relief fund.她给当地的癌症救助基金会捐了一笔钱。◆He's been paying into the firm's pension fund for thirty years.他三十年来一直往公司的退休基金里供款。 see also funds ⇨ money 1 ■ budget [countable, uncountable] the money that is available to an organization, government or person and a plan of how it will be spent over a period of time; an official government statement of this 预算；政府预算案◆The government is planning to double the education budget.政府计划把教育经费增加一倍。◆It's one of those big-budget Hollywood movies.这是一部巨额预算的好莱坞大片。◆We decorated the house on a tight budget (= without much money to spend).我们俭省地装修了房子。◆Every year the school has a struggle to balance its budget (= not spend more than it has).该校每年都要费好大的劲才能平衡预算。◆The work was finished on time and within budget (= did not cost more money than was planned).工作按时完成且未超出预算。◆The company must not go over budget (= spend too much money).公司一定不能预算超支。 see also budget ⇨ save verb 2 , budgetary ⇨ economic ■ account [countable] an arrangement with a bank to keep your money there and to allow you to take it out when you need to 账户◆I don't have a bank account.我没有银行账户。◆to open / close an account开户；销户◆ (BrE) I paid the cheque into my current account.我把支票存入我的往来账户。◆ (NAmE) She deposited the check in her account.她把支票存入她的账户。■ savings [plural] money that you have saved, especially in a bank, etc. 储蓄金；存款◆Your savings will grow if you invest them wisely.如果用存款进行明智的投资，你的钱就会越来越多。◆He put all his savings into buying a boat.他用全部积蓄买了一条船。 see also save ⇨ save verb 2 , save ⇨ save verb 3 ■ reserve [countable, usually plural] (finance 金融) money that is available to be used when it is needed 储备金；准备金◆The company has substantial reserves of capital to fall back on if necessary.该公司资金储备充裕，必要时可以动用。■ pocket [countable] (rather informal) the money that is available to a person to spend （个人的）钱财，财力，资金◆We have a range of gifts to suit every pocket.我们有各种各样的礼品，丰俭由人。◆He had no intention of paying for the meal out of his own pocket.他不想自掏腰包付饭钱。◆ (especially BrE) That one mistake left him thousands of pounds out of pocket (= having lost thousands of pounds).那一次失误让他损失了数千英镑。 see also pocket ⇨ make verb 3 ■ purse [singular] (rather formal) the money that is available to a person, organization or government to spend （个人、机构或政府的）资金，财源，备用款◆Should spending on the arts be met out of the public purse (= from government money)?艺术活动的开支应该由政府支付吗？NOTE 辨析 Pocket or purse? Pocket is more informal than purse; it is used more to talk about a person's own money; purse is used more to talk about public money. * pocket没有purse正式，多指个人的钱财。purse多指公款。■ stash [countable, usually singular] (informal) an amount of sth that is kept secretly 藏起来的财物◆Luckily the thieves never found my small stash of ten pound notes.幸好那些贼没发现我藏起来的一小笔10英镑面值的钞票。 see also stash ⇨ keep verb 1 replacement noun replacement ♦︎ substitute ♦︎ reserve ♦︎ surrogate ♦︎ relief ♦︎ understudy ♦︎ stand-in ♦︎ cover ♦︎ proxyThese are all words for a person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you normally use or have. 这些词均表示代替者、代替物。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a replacement / a substitute / a surrogate / an understudy / a stand-in / cover / a proxy for sb / sth◆(an) adequate replacement / substitute / stand-in / cover◆a / an good / satisfactory / appropriate / suitable / likely / possible / ideal / poor replacement / substitute◆to act as a replacement / a substitute / surrogate / understudy / stand-in / proxy◆to get a replacement / a substitute / cover◆to appoint a replacement / substitute / proxy◆to go on as / use sth as a replacement / substitute■ replacement [countable] (often used as an adjective 常用作形容词) a thing that replaces sth, especially because the first thing is old or broken; a person who replaces another person in an organization, especially in their job 替代品，替换物（尤因原先的物品已陈旧或损坏）；（尤指工作上的）接替者，替代者◆a hip replacement人工髋关节◆replacement windows新换的窗子◆If your passport is stolen you should apply for a replacement immediately.如果护照被偷，应立即申请更换。◆We need to find a replacement for Sue.我们需要找一个替代苏的人。 see also replacement ⇨ exchange ■ substitute [countable] a person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you normally use or have; an extra player who plays in a sports team when one of the other players is injured or not available to play 代替者；代替物；代用品；替补队员◆a meat / milk substitute肉食／牛奶替代品◆The book will teach you the theory but there's no substitute for practical experience.本书将教给你理论，但没有任何东西能代替实践经验。◆The local bus service was a poor substitute for their car.坐当地的公交车比坐他们自己的汽车可差远了。◆I regarded them as a substitute family.我把他们看作我的亲人。◆He was brought on as a substitute after half-time.他作为替补队员在下半场上场。ⓘ In informal language a substitute in sports can be called a sub. 在非正式语言中，substitute表示替补队员时可简称sub。 see also substitution ⇨ exchange ■ reserve [countable] (especially BrE) a substitute player in a sports team 替补队员；后备队员◆The team consists of three competitors plus one reserve.运动队包括三名参赛选手和一名替补队员。ⓘ The reserves (especially BrE) [plural] are a sports team that plays when the usual one is not available. The reserve [singular] / the reserves [plural] (BrE, NAmE) is an extra military or police force that is not part of a country's regular forces, but is available to be used when needed. 尤其在英式英语中，复数形式的the reserves指替补运动队。单数形式的the reserve或复数形式的the reserves指预备役部队、后备警察队◆The missile landed on a US army reserve barracks.导弹落在一处美国预备役部队军营。 ■ surrogate /ˈsʌrəgət; NAmE ˈsɜːrəgət/ [countable] (often used as an adjective 常用作形容词) (rather formal) a person or thing that takes the place of, or is used instead of, sb/sth else 替代者；替代物；代用品◆She saw him as a sort of surrogate father.在她心目中，他仿佛是能替代父亲角色的人。◆For these people, television is a surrogate for real life.对这些人来说，电视是现实生活的替代品。ⓘ In everyday English, surrogate is most often used to talk about people who take the place of real parents. However, a surrogate mother is usually a woman who actually gives birth to a baby for another woman who is unable to have babies herself. When surrogate is used to talk about things, it is a more formal way of saying substitute. 在日常英语中，surrogate最常用于表示替代真正父母的人。不过，surrogate mother通常指代孕母亲。当surrogate修饰事物时，它是substitute更正式的说法。■ relief [countable + singular or plural verb] (often used as an adjective 常用作形容词) a person or group of people that replaces another when they have finished working for the day or when they are sick 替班者；接替人；换班者◆The next crew relief comes on duty at 9 o'clock.下一批换班的员工9点钟接班。◆We have a pool of relief drivers available to us.我们有一些换班的司机可供调用。■ understudy /ˈʌndəstʌdi; NAmE ˈʌndərstʌdi/ [countable] an actor who learns the part of another actor in a play so that they can play that part if necessary 候补演员；替角◆She worked as an understudy to Elaine Page.她担任了伊莲•佩姬的候补演员。■ ˈstand-in [countable] (rather informal) a person who does sb's job for a short time when they are not available; a person who replaces an actor in some scenes in a film, especially dangerous ones 代行职务者；（尤指影视中危险动作的）替身演员◆I acted as Tom's stand-in when he was away.汤姆不在时我替他顶班。◆Most of the stunts are performed by stand-ins.大部分特技由替身演员完成。■ cover [uncountable] the fact of sb doing another person's job when they are away or when there are not enough staff 代替工作；代劳；替补◆It's the manager's job to organize cover for employees who are absent.安排他人顶替缺席的员工是经理的工作。■ proxy [countable, uncountable] (formal or law 法律) a person who has been given the authority to represent sb else 代理人；受托人；代表◆Your proxy will need to sign the form on your behalf.你的代理人将需要代表你在表格上签字。 supply noun supply ♦︎ resource ♦︎ stock ♦︎ reserve ♦︎ pool ♦︎ hoard ♦︎ bank ♦︎ store ♦︎ arsenal ♦︎ stockpileThese are all words for an amount of sth which is available to be used when it is needed. 这些词均表示供应量、储备、库存。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a supply / a stock / a reserve / a pool / a hoard / a bank / a store / an arsenal / a stockpile of sth◆to be / have sth in supply / stock◆a supply / stocks / an arsenal / a stockpile of weapons◆a supply / bank / store of information◆a supply / a stock / stores of food◆a supply / reserves / a store of water◆supplies / stocks / reserves / stockpiles of coal◆(a) vast supply / resources / stock / reserve / hoard / bank / store / arsenal / stockpile◆(a) large supply / resources / stock / reserve / hoard / store / arsenal / stockpile◆(a) dwindling supplies / resources / stocks / reserves / pool / stockpiles◆a secret supply / stock / hoard / store◆(a) food supply / stocks / reserves / store / stockpile◆weapons supplies / stocks / stores◆coal supplies / stocks / reserves◆oil / gas supplies / reserves◆to build up a supply / resources / a stock / reserves / a bank / a store / an arsenal / a stockpile◆to reduce the supply / resources / stock / reserves / pool / stores◆to use up / exhaust the supply / resources / stock / reserves / store■ supply [countable] an amount of sth that is provided or available to be used 供应量；储备◆The water supply is unsafe.供水不稳定。◆Supplies of food are almost exhausted.贮存的食物快吃完了。◆We cannot guarantee adequate supplies of raw materials.我们不能保证提供充足的原料。 see also supply ⇨ provide verb ■ resource [countable, usually plural] a supply of sth that a country, organization or person has and can use, especially to increase their wealth （国家、组织或个人所有，尤指用于增加财富的）资源，财力◆the exploitation of minerals and other natural resources矿产和其他自然资源的开发◆We do not have the resources (= money) to update our computer software.我们没有钱来更新我们的电脑软件。◆We agreed to pool our resources (= so that everyone gives sth).我们同意把资源集中起来使用。 see also human resources ⇨ staff ■ stock [uncountable, countable] a supply of goods that is available for sale in a shop; a supply of sth that is available to be used （商店的）现货，存货，库存；储备◆That particular model is not currently in stock.那种型号目前没货。◆I'm afraid we're temporarily out of stock.很遗憾，我们暂时脱销了。◆We don't carry a large stock of pine furniture.松木家具我们备货不多。◆I've built up a good stock of teaching materials over the years.这些年来我积累了大量教学资料。◆Food stocks are running low.贮存的食物快吃完了。 see also stock ⇨ sell verb 2 , stock ⇨ equip verb 1 , stock up ⇨ keep verb 1 ■ reserve [countable, usually plural] a supply of sth that is available to be used in the future or when it is needed 储备（量）；贮藏（量）◆The country is thought to have huge untapped oil and gas reserves.人们认为该国有大量未开采的石油和天然气贮藏。◆He discovered unexpected reserves of strength.他意外地发现自己还有贮存的体力。◆The report calls for reserve funds to be established.该报告呼吁建立储备金。■ pool [countable] a supply of things or money that is shared by a group of people and can be used when needed （共用的）资源，资金◆There is a pool of cars used by the firm's salesmen.公司销售员有共用的车辆。◆ (BrE) a pool car共用的汽车◆The purpose of an insurance company is to provide a pool of funds from which to meet claims made by its customers.保险公司的目的是提供一笔共用的资金以满足客户的索赔需要。 see also pool ⇨ share verb ■ hoard [countable] a collection of sth valuable such as money or food, especially one that sb keeps in a secret place so that other people will not find or steal it （贵重物品的）贮存，聚藏；（尤指）秘藏◆They dug up a hoard of Roman coins.他们挖出一批秘藏的古罗马硬币。◆Police have uncovered a hoard of stolen goods which may help to trace the fugitives.警方发现了一批或可以帮助追查逃犯的失窃物品。 see also hoard ⇨ keep verb 1 ■ bank [countable] an amount of sth that is collected; a place where sth is stored ready for use 库存；库◆They intend to establish a bank of information which will be accessible to the public.他们打算建立一个可以让公众使用的信息库。◆a blood / sperm bank血库；精子库■ store [countable] an amount or supply of sth that you have and use 贮存量；储备◆her secret store of chocolate她私下里存放的巧克力◆This is vital information to add to your store of knowledge.这是很重要的信息，你有必要知道。 see also store ⇨ keep verb 1 ■ arsenal /ˈɑːsənl; NAmE ˈɑːrsənl/ [countable] a collection of weapons such as guns and explosives 武器储备；枪炮弹药◆The treaty requires them to reduce their nuclear arsenal by 30%.条约要求他们把核武器的数量减少30%。■ stockpile /ˈstɒkpaɪl; NAmE ˈstɑːkpaɪl/ [countable] a large supply of sth that is kept to be used in the future if necessary; a large supply of sth that cannot easily be used or destroyed 囤聚的物资；不易使用（或销毁）的物资◆Stockpiles of coal have reached a critically low level.煤炭存量已经下降到一个非常低的程度。◆The growing stockpile of used tyres is a worldwide problem.废旧轮胎积存量的增加是一个世界性问题。 see also stockpile ⇨ keep verb 1 |