| 例句 |
responsible adj.
⇨ guilty (responsible for the mess) ⇨ reliable 1 (a responsible attitude) ⇨ be responsible for sb/sth ⇨ run verb 2 guilty adjective guilty ♦︎ responsible ♦︎ to blame ♦︎ at fault ♦︎ in the wrongThese words all describe sb who has done sth wrong or illegal. 这些词均表示犯有过失的、有罪的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆responsible / to blame / at fault for sth◆to feel guilty / responsible / to blame◆to consider / hold sb guilty / responsible / to blame / at fault◆clearly guilty / responsible / to blame / at fault◆entirely / partly / partially responsible / to blame / at fault■ guilty proved in court to have done sth illegal; having done sth wrong 有罪的；有过失的◆The jury found the defendant not guilty.陪审团裁决被告无罪。◆My lawyer urged me to plead guilty (= say in court that I was guilty of a crime).我的律师劝我认罪。◆Under the UK judiciary system, everyone is innocent until proved guilty.依照英国的司法体系，在被证明有罪之前每个人都是清白的。◆Who was the guilty party (= the person who was mainly responsible) in the affair?在那件事上，谁是有过错的一方？◆We've all been guilty of selfishness at some time in our lives.我们每个人一生中都有过自私自利的过错。OPP innocent , not guilty ⇨ innocent see also guilt ⇨ fault noun ■ responsible [not before noun] having done sth wrong; having caused a bad situation 做错事；把情况搞糟◆Who's responsible for all this mess?是谁弄得这么乱的？◆Everything will be done to bring those responsible to justice.将竭尽全力把罪魁祸首绳之以法。◆Smoking is responsible for over 90% of deaths from lung cancer.因肺癌而死亡者超过90%是吸烟所致。 see also responsibility ⇨ fault noun ■ to ˈblame phrase responsible for a bad situation （对糟糕的情况）负有责任◆For once, the government was not to blame.就这一次不是政府的责任。◆If anyone's to blame, it's me.如果有人应该承担责任，那就是我。◆Modern intensive farming methods are largely to blame for this loss of habitat.动植物没有了栖息地，这主要归咎于现代集约式的耕作方法。ⓘ To blame is used especially in negative statements and questions, and when deciding how to share out the blame for a situation between a number of people or things. * to blame尤用于否定句和疑问句，以及在多人或多方面因素中如何判定各方责任的情况。 see also blame ⇨ fault noun , blame ⇨ blame verb ■ ˌat ˈfault phrase responsible for a bad situation; wrong in a particular thing that you have done （对糟糕的情况）负有责任；有过错◆I think it's the law that's at fault.我认为这是法律的过错。◆The manager was at fault in refusing to listen to her initial concerns.经理拒绝听取她一开始提出的顾虑，是有责任的。 see also fault ⇨ fault noun ■ in the ˈwrong idiom responsible for an accident or mistake; arguing against sb who is right about sth, while you are wrong （在事故或错误中）有过错，应承担责任；（争论中）理亏◆The motorcyclist was clearly in the wrong.骑摩托车的人显然负有责任。◆You're just trying to put me in the wrong (= prove that I am to blame), aren't you?你就是想怪罪我，是不是？◆Why do you keep on arguing when you must know you are in the wrong?你明知道自己不占理，怎么还吵个没完？ⓘ Responsibility, blame or fault can be shared: sb/sth can be partly responsible/to blame/at fault. You cannot be ◆partly in the wrong In the wrong is used in situations where one person is wrong and the other is right. * responsibility、blame或fault所指的责任可以是部分的，可以说be partly responsible/to blame/at fault（负有部分责任），不说partly in the wrong。in the wrong用于一人有错而另一人正确的情况。 OPP in the right reliable1 adjective She is reliable and hard-working. 她为人可靠，工作勤奋。reliable evidence/witnesses 可信的证据／目击证人reliable ♦︎ loyal ♦︎ dedicated ♦︎ faithful ♦︎ committed ♦︎ true ♦︎ trusted ♦︎ staunch ♦︎ responsible ♦︎ trustworthyThese words all describe sb/sth you can rely on to do sth, especially to give support or to work hard. 这些词均表示人或事物可信赖的、可依靠的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆loyal / dedicated / faithful / committed / true to sb / sth◆a reliable / loyal / faithful / true / trusted / staunch / trustworthy friend◆a reliable / loyal / faithful / trusted / staunch ally◆a reliable / loyal / faithful / committed / staunch supporter◆a loyal / dedicated / faithful / true fan / follower◆a loyal / dedicated / faithful / committed / trusted / staunch / responsible member (of sth)◆reliable / loyal / dedicated / committed / trustworthy staff◆a loyal / dedicated / faithful following◆reliable / loyal / faithful service◆totally reliable / loyal / dedicated / trustworthy■ reliable / /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ / (often approving) (of a person or thing) that can be trusted to do sth well; that you can rely on （人或事物）可信赖的，可依靠的◆We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working.我们在物色可靠又勤奋的人。◆My car's not as reliable as it used to be.我的车不像过去那样靠得住了。◆There is no reliable supply of electricity or running water.没有可靠的电力和自来水供应。OPP unreliable ⓘ An unreliable person or thing cannot be trusted or depended on. * unreliable指人或事物不可信赖的、不可靠的◆The trains are notoriously unreliable.火车服务不可靠是出了名的。 see also rely on/upon sb/sth ⇨ trust ▸ reliability noun [uncountable] ◆The incident cast doubt on her motives and reliability.这件事使人怀疑她有何动机，是否可靠。▸ reliably adverb ◆You need to show that you can work reliably and be trusted to handle responsibility.你需要证明自己工作可靠，值得信赖，能肩负起责任。■ loyal (approving) (of a person) staying with or supporting a particular person, organization or belief, especially as a matter of principle （对人、组织或信仰）忠诚的，忠实的（尤指作为原则问题）◆She has always remained loyal to her political principles.她始终恪守自己的政治原则。◆He is one of the president's most loyal supporters.他是总统最忠实的支持者之一。OPP disloyal ⇨ treacherous ▸ loyally adverb ◆He loyally supported the government through the crisis.他忠心耿耿地支持政府渡过危机。▸ loyalty noun [uncountable, countable] ◆They swore their loyalty to the king.他们宣誓效忠国王。◆a case of divided loyalties (= with strong feelings of support for two different people or causes) 两面效忠 OPP disloyalty ⇨ betrayal ■ dedicated / /ˈdedɪkeɪtɪd/ / (approving) (of a person) working hard at sth because it is very important to you 献身的；专心致志的；一心一意的◆She is dedicated to her job.她对工作专心致志。◆The workforce is small but highly dedicated.员工队伍虽小，但非常敬业。◆The ship was painstakingly rebuilt by a dedicated team of engineers.一个倾力奉献的工程师团队对船进行了精心重建。 see also dedicate ⇨ devote ▸ dedication noun [uncountable] ◆I really admire Gina for her dedication to her family.我真的很佩服吉娜对家庭的奉献。◆The job requires total dedication.这项工作需要完全的投入。■ faithful (approving) (of a person) staying with or supporting a particular person, organization or belief, especially from feelings of affection; (of a person or thing) that you can rely on （对人、组织或信仰）忠诚的，忠实的（尤指出自真情）；（人或事物）可信赖的◆He remained faithful to the ideals of the party until his death.他对党的理想至死坚贞不渝。◆His faithful old dog sat by his feet.他那条忠实的老狗坐在他的脚边。◆a faithful worker / correspondent忠实的工人／通讯员◆my faithful old car我那忠实的老爷车 see also devoted ⇨ loving , faith ⇨ faith ▸ the faithful noun [plural] ◆The president will keep the support of the party faithful.总统将继续获得忠诚党员的拥护。▸ faithfully adverb ◆He had supported the local team faithfully for 30 years.他忠实地支持当地运动队30年。◆She promised faithfully not to tell anyone the secret.她保证恪守诺言，不把秘密告诉任何人。NOTE 辨析 Loyal or faithful?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆a loyal / faithful friend / ally / supporter / fan / follower / servant忠诚的朋友／盟友／支持者／歌迷／信徒／仆人However, there can be a slight difference of emphasis: a loyal friend/servant remains loyal as a matter of principle; a faithful friend/servant remains faithful from affection. 不过，两词的重点可能略有不同：loyal friend/servant指朋友或仆人出于原则而忠诚，faithful friend/servant指朋友或仆人出于真情而忠诚。 ■ committed / /kəˈmɪtɪd/ / (approving) (of a person) willing to work hard and give your time and energy to sth; believing strongly in sth 尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的◆The government remains committed to protecting Green Belt areas.政府会继续致力于保护绿化地带。◆They are committed socialists.他们是坚定的社会主义者。◆We have a highly-motivated, trained and committed staff.我们的员工积极进取，训练有素，尽心尽力。 see also commit ⇨ devote , commit ⇨ promise verb , commitment ⇨ promise noun ■ true (approving) (of a person) showing respect and support for a particular person or belief in a way that does not change, even in different situations （即便情况发生变化仍对人或信仰）忠诚的，忠心耿耿的，忠实的◆Many were executed for remaining true to their principles.许多人因忠于自己的原则而被处死。◆He was true to his word (= did what he promised to do).他信守诺言。◆Through that difficult period he proved to be a true friend.经历了那段艰难时期，他证明了自己是个忠实的朋友。■ trusted (approving) (of a person) that sb feels they can rely on （人）值得信赖的，可靠的◆As time went on he became a trusted adviser to the king.随着时间的推移，他成为国王信赖的顾问。 see also trust ⇨ faith noun , trust ⇨ trust verb ■ staunch / /stɔːntʃ/ / (often approving) (of a person) strong and loyal in your opinions and attitude （对自己的观点和态度）坚定的，忠实的◆a staunch Catholic笃信天主教的教徒◆She is one of the president's staunchest allies.她是总统最忠实的盟友之一。▸ staunchly adverb ◆She staunchly defended the new policy.她坚定地维护新政策。◆The family was staunchly Protestant.那家人是忠实的新教徒。■ responsible (of people or their actions or behaviour) that you can trust and rely on （人或其行为举止）可信任的，可信赖的，可靠的◆Clare has a mature and responsible attitude to work.克莱尔对待工作态度成熟，值得信赖。 OPP irresponsible ⇨ reckless ■ trustworthy /ˈtrʌstwɜːði; NAmE ˈtrʌstwɜːrði/ (approving) (of a person) that you can rely on to be good, honest and sincere （人）值得信任的，可信赖的，可靠的◆Women were seen as more trustworthy and harder working.女性被认为更可信赖，工作更努力。OPP untrustworthy run2 verb run to catch a bus 跑着去赶公共汽车run a business 经营企业run ♦︎ manage ♦︎ control ♦︎ be responsible for sb/sth ♦︎ be in charge ♦︎ direct ♦︎ administer ♦︎ commandThese words all mean to be in charge or in control of a business, organization, project or situation. 这些词均表示经营、管理或主持局面。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to run / manage / control a / an company / business / organization◆to run / manage / be responsible for a department◆to run / manage a hotel / store / club◆to run / manage / control / be responsible for / direct / administer a project◆to run / manage / be responsible for / administer a service◆to run / manage / administer a school◆to manage / control / be responsible for / be in charge of / direct operations◆to manage / administer a fund◆to be properly / efficiently run / managed / administered◆to be well / badly run / managed◆to be tightly run / managed / controlled◆to be centrally run / managed / controlled / directed / administered◆to be jointly run / managed / controlled / administered by / with sb■ run (running, ran, run) [transitive] to be in charge of a business, organization or project 管理，经营（企业、组织或项目）◆The shareholders want more say in how the company is run.股东们想要对公司的经营有更多发言权。◆The programme will be jointly run with NASA in the US.该项目将与美国国家航空航天局合办。◆It is a small, privately run (= not owned or controlled by a large organization) hotel.这是一家私营小旅馆。◆Stop trying to run my life (= organize it) for me.别老想操纵我的生活。■ manage [transitive, intransitive] to be in charge of a business, organization, project or team 管理，经营（企业、组织、项目或团队）◆Organizers are looking for someone to manage the project.组织者在找人负责这个项目。◆We need a new approach to managing our hospitals.我们需要采用新方法来管理我们的医院。◆We need people who are good at managing.我们需要擅长管理的人。 see also management ⇨ government 2 , management ⇨ management NOTE 辨析 Run or manage?These two verbs can often be used in the same way. 这两个动词用法常相同◆The hotel is run / managed by two brothers.酒店由兄弟俩经营。 Run emphasizes the tasks involved in the operation of a business－planning, ordering stock, organizing transport of goods, etc. Someone can run a small business (without any employees), part of a business, a department or a larger organization. Manage often refers to organizing other workers. A manager makes decisions about how a business, department, etc. is run, but they usually tell other people what to do rather than doing it themselves. * run强调企业运营中涉及的各项工作，如制订计划、订购货物、组织货物运输等。run可指一个人做小买卖（没有雇员），也可指负责企业的某项业务、一个部门或一家较大规模的企业。manage常指管理其他员工。做运营相关决定的人称为manager，但他们通常指示别人怎么做，而非自己做。 ■ control (-ll-) [transitive] to have power over a business, organization, project or country, so that you are able to decide how it is run 指挥，控制，掌管（企业、组织、项目或国家）◆The whole territory is now controlled by the army.现在全境都在军队的控制之下。◆By the age of 21 he controlled the company.他21岁就掌管了公司。■ be responsible for sb/sth phrase to have the job or duty of doing sth or taking care of sb/sth, so that you may be blamed if sth goes wrong 有责任；负责；承担义务◆Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.迈克负责整个项目的设计工作。◆Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be responsible for their children.即使父母不再共同生活，他们也要分别对子女负责。 see also responsibility ⇨ responsibility ■ be in charge phrase to be in the position of having control over sb/sth 主管，掌管，照管（某人或某物）◆I've usually been the one in charge of the petty cash.小额现金通常由我掌管。◆Who's in charge here?这里谁是负责人？ see also charge ⇨ responsibility ■ direct [transitive] to be in charge of a project or process 管理，监督，指导（项目或进程）◆He was asked to take command and direct operations.他奉命统率并指挥作战行动。 see also direction ⇨ government 2 , director ⇨ manager ■ administer [transitive, often passive] to manage and organize the affairs or a company, organization or country 管理（公司或组织）；治理（国家）◆The country has to face up to the high cost of administering medical services.国家必须正视医疗服务机构高昂的管理费用。◆The pension funds are administered by commercial banks.养老基金由商业银行运作管理。 see also administration ⇨ government 2 , administration ⇨ management , administrator ⇨ organizer ■ command [transitive] to be in charge of a group of people in the army, navy or air force 指挥，统率（军队）◆He was the officer commanding the troops in the Western region.他是统率西部地区部队的军官。◆The squadron was commanded by Major Frank Broad.这个中队由弗兰克•布罗德少校指挥。 see also command ⇨ control noun |