| 例句 |
shift verb
⇨ change 1 (shift the focus of a debate) ⇨ change 2 (your sympathies shift) ⇨ move (shift your weight/gaze)shift noun
⇨ change 1 (a shift in public opinion) ⇨ team 1 (the night/day shift)change1 verb change your habits 改变习惯changing attitudes towards education 不断变化的对教育的看法replacechange your doctorturn2Caterpillars change into butterflies. ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ adjust 另见adjust条change ♦︎ alter ♦︎ adapt ♦︎ shift ♦︎ tailor ♦︎ varyThese words all mean to make sb/sth different. 这些词均表示改变。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to change / alter / adapt / tailor sth for sb / sth◆to change / alter / adapt a plan / story◆to change / alter / shift / vary the emphasis◆to change / alter / shift the balance / perspective◆to change / alter / adapt your behaviour◆to change / adapt / vary your routine◆to change / alter / shift your / sb's attitude / opinion◆to change / alter / adapt / tailor sth accordingly◆to change / adapt / tailor sth specially / carefully■ change [transitive] to make sb/sth different 改变；使变化◆Information technology has changed the way people work.信息技术改变了人的工作方式。◆This incident changed the whole course of events.这件事改变了整个事态的发展。◆What made you change your mind (= change your opinion)?什么使你改变了想法？◆The fruit changes colour as it ripens.这种水果成熟时会变色。◆Don't keep changing the subject.不要总是改变话题。■ alter / /ˈɔːltə(r)/ / [transitive] to make sb/sth different 改变；更改；改动◆This development will alter the character of the town.这项开发将改变城区的风貌。◆Nothing can alter the fact that we are to blame.错在我们，这是无法改变的事实。NOTE 辨析 Change or alter?Sometimes you can use either word. 这两个词有时可通用◆Fame hasn't really changed / altered him.名声并没有使他有丝毫改变。However, change often suggests a complete change, whereas alter can suggest a smaller change. 不过，change常指彻底的改变，而alter可指小的改变◆This law needs to be altered (= changed slightly in order to improve it).这项法律需要修改。◆This law needs to be changed (= changed completely or got rid of).这项法律需要更改。 Alter is often used when sth does not change * alter常用否定陈述◆It doesn't alter the way I feel.这改变不了我的感觉。or to talk about making changes to particular aspects of sth. 或指改变事物的某些方面◆They can alter the programme until success is achieved.他们可以改变程序直至成功为止。 Change can also be used in all of these cases, but its range of uses is much wider, including particular collocations such as change your mind, change your name, change colour, change tack and change the subject. * change可用于以上所有情况，且其使用范围更广，固定搭配有change your mind，change your name，change colour，change tack和change the subject。 ■ adapt [transitive] to change sth in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation 使适应，使适合（新用途或新情况）◆Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。◆These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.这些样式可以修改，以适应个人不同喜好。 see also modify ⇨ adjust , adaptable ⇨ flexible 1 ■ shift [transitive] to change the way that people think about sth 改变（观点）◆They are trying to shift public attitudes about the nature of old age.他们试图改变公众对老龄本质的看法。◆We need to shift the focus of this debate.我们需要转换一下辩论焦点。ⓘ Typical collocates of shift are attitudes, opinions, balance, emphasis, focus and perspective. * shift的常见搭配词有attitudes、opinions、balance、emphasis、focus和perspective。■ tailor / /ˈteɪlə(r)/ / [transitive] to make or adapt sth for a particular purpose or person 专门制作；订做◆Special programmes of study are tailored to the needs of specific groups.为满足特定群体的需要，特制了专门的课程。◆Most travel agents are prepared to tailor travel arrangements to meet individual requirements.为满足个别需要，大多数旅行社都愿意作出专门的旅游安排。■ vary [transitive] to make changes to sth to make it slightly different （略为）变更，改变◆The job enables me to vary the hours I work.这项工作使我能够调整工作时间。◆The aerobics instructor varies the routine each week.健美操教练每周都改变动作套路。ⓘ Vary is used especially to talk about making slight changes to a routine of sth that you do regularly. * vary尤与routine连用，指对定期做的事情进行小的改变。 change2 verb change your habits 改变习惯changing attitudes towards education 不断变化的对教育的看法replacechange your doctorturn2Caterpillars change into butterflies.change ♦︎ vary ♦︎ shift ♦︎ fluctuate ♦︎ swing ♦︎ alter ♦︎ alternateThese words all mean to become different. 这些词均表示发生改变、起变化。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to change / shift / swing from sth to sth◆to vary / fluctuate / swing / alternate between A and B◆to change / vary / fluctuate according to sth◆to change / vary / fluctuate / swing wildly◆to change / vary / shift / fluctuate / swing / alter dramatically / sharply◆to change / vary / shift / fluctuate / alter significantly◆to change / vary / shift / fluctuate constantly / continually◆to change / shift / fluctuate / swing rapidly◆to change / shift / swing suddenly◆to change / vary / alter little / slightly / somewhat◆to hardly / never change / vary / alter■ change [intransitive] to become different 改变；变化◆Rick hasn't changed. He looks exactly the same as he did at school.里克一点儿没变，他和上学时一模一样。◆We examined changing attitudes towards education.我们研究了对于教育不断变化的看法。◆The language is changing all the time.语言总是在变化。◆Leeds changed from a small market town into a busy city.利兹从一个小集镇变成了热闹的城市。◆Her life changed completely when she won the lottery.她彩票中奖后生活彻底改变了。■ vary [intransitive] to change frequently or be different according to the situation （根据情况）变化，变更，改变◆The menu varies with the season.菜单随季节而变动。◆Prices vary according to the type of room you require.价格随要求的房间类型而有所变化。◆Class numbers vary between 25 and 30.班级的数目从25到30不等。◆Pulse rates vary slightly from person to person.每个人的脉搏快慢略有不同。◆'What time do you start work?' 'It varies.'“你几点钟开始工作？” “没准儿。”■ shift [intransitive] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) (of a situation or opinion) to change from one state or position to another （情况或观点）改变，转向◆The balance of power shifted away from workers towards employers.力量从工人一方转向雇主一方去了。◆Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past 50 years.50年来，公众对婚姻的态度已经改变。■ fluctuate / /ˈflʌktʃueɪt/ / [intransitive] (rather formal or written) to change frequently in size, amount, level or quality, especially from one extreme to another （大小、数量、水平或质量大幅）波动；（在⋯之间）起伏不定◆During the crisis, oil prices fluctuated between $30 and $50 a barrel.在危机时期，石油价格在每桶30到50美元之间波动。◆Temperatures can fluctuate by as much as 10 degrees.温差可达10度之大。◆My weight fluctuated wildly depending on how much I ate.我的体重会因我吃多少东西而大幅变化。■ swing (swung, swung) [intransitive] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to change from one opinion, mood or situation to another, especially from one extreme to another （观点、情绪或情况）改变，剧变◆The state has swung from Republican to Democrat.这个州从支持共和党转向支持民主党。◆His emotions swung between fear and curiosity.他时而害怕，时而好奇。◆The game could swing either way (= either side could win it).这场比赛胜负未卜。■ alter / /ˈɔːltə(r)/ / [intransitive] to become different 改变；变化◆Property prices did not significantly alter during 2007.2007年，房产价格没有大的变化。◆He had not altered greatly in the last ten years.在过去的十年间，他变化不大。NOTE 辨析 change or alter?Sometimes you can use either word. 这两个词有时可通用◆Rick hasn't changed / altered much.里克没怎么改变。However, change is much more frequent and has a much wider range than alter: it often suggests a complete change to sth important. 不过，change比alter使用更频繁也更广泛，常指重要事物发生彻底的改变◆Her life changed completely when she won the lottery.她彩票中奖后生活彻底改变了。◆Her life altered completely. It can also be used to talk about things that are in the process of changing. * change还可用于谈论变化中的事物◆changing attitudes to education对于教育不断变化的看法◆altering attitudes to education Alter is often used when sth has changed only slightly or not at all. * alter常在事物发生微小的改变或根本没变时使用◆The party's policies have hardly altered, but public opinion has.该党的政策几乎没变，但是公众舆论变了。 ■ alternate /ˈɔːltəneɪt; NAmE ˈɔːltərneɪt/ [intransitive] (always followed by between 总是后接between) to keep changing from one thing to another and back again 交替；变换◆Her mood alternated between happiness and despair.她一会儿高兴，一会儿绝望。 move verb move ♦︎ shift ♦︎ stir ♦︎ dislodge ♦︎ budgeThese words all mean to change position or make sb/sth else change position. 这些词均表示改变位置、移动或使改变位置。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to move / shift / stir / dislodge / budge (sth) from sth◆to move / shift (sth) from sth to sth◆won't / wouldn't / refuse to move / shift / stir / budge◆to hardly / barely move / shift / stir / budge◆to move / shift / stir / budge slightly / a little■ move [intransitive, transitive] to change position; to make sb/sth else change position （使）改变位置；移动◆Don't move－stay perfectly still.别动，一点都别动。◆The bus was already moving when I jumped onto it.我跳上公共汽车的时候，车已经开动了。◆He could hear someone moving around in the room above.他听见楼上房间里有人走动。◆I can't move my fingers.我的手指动不了了。◆Move your chairs a little closer.把你们的椅子挪近一点。■ shift [intransitive, transitive] (especially written) to move your body or your eyes from one position or place to another （将身体或目光）转移，移动◆She shifted uncomfortably in her chair.她在椅子上不安地动来动去。◆The little girl shifted her weight from one foot to another.小女孩把身体的重心从一只脚换到另一只脚上。◆He shifted his gaze from the child to her.他把目光从孩子身上移到她身上。ⓘ In informal British English shift can also mean 'to move sth by picking it up and carrying it'. 在非正式英式英语中，shift亦可表示“挪动、搬动”◆ (informal) Can you help me shift these boxes?你能帮我挪一下这些箱子吗？ ■ stir (-rr-) [intransitive, transitive] to move slightly or make sth move slightly 轻微移动；使微动◆She could hear the baby stirring in the next room.她听见婴儿在隔壁房间动弹。◆A slight breeze was stirring the branches.微风吹动着树枝。■ dislodge /dɪsˈlɒdʒ; NAmE dɪsˈlɑːdʒ/ [transitive] (rather formal) to force sth from a position in which it was fixed or stuck 强行去除；取出；移动◆The wind had dislodged one or two tiles from the roof.大风从屋顶上刮下来一两片瓦。■ budge [intransitive, transitive] (usually used in negative statements 通常用于否定陈述) (rather informal) to move slightly or make sth move slightly, especially from a fixed position 轻微移动；使（从固定的位置）微动；挪动◆I pushed hard at the door but it wouldn't budge.我使劲推门，门却一动不动。◆We all heaved on the rope, but still couldn't budge the car from the mud.我们大家一起用力拉绳子，但还是没能把轿车从泥里拉出分毫。 change1 noun a change in the weather 天气的变化make changes to sth 改变某事change ♦︎ shift ♦︎ variation ♦︎ swing ♦︎ fluctuation ♦︎ variability ♦︎ alternationThese are all words for the act of becoming different, especially frequently. 这些词均表示改变、变化，尤指多变。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a change / a shift / a variation / a swing / a fluctuation / variability / an alternation in sth◆a shift / a variation / a fluctuation / an alternation between A and B◆a shift / swing towards sth◆(a) considerable change / shift / variation / fluctuation / variability◆a big / dramatic / massive change / shift / variation / swing◆(a) small change / shift / variation / swing / fluctuations◆(a) rapid change / shift / fluctuation / alternation◆(a) random change / variation / fluctuation / alternation◆(a) seasonal change / variation / fluctuation◆to cause a change / a shift / a variation / a swing / fluctuations / variability◆to produce a change / a shift / a variation / a swing / fluctuations◆to show a change / a shift / a variation / a swing / fluctuation / an alternation / variability◆a change / a shift / a variation / a swing / fluctuation occurs■ change [countable, uncountable] the result of sth becoming different 改变；变化；变更◆We're hoping for a change in the weather.我们希望天气有所变化。◆There was no change in the patient's condition overnight.病人的病情整夜未变。◆She is someone who hates change.她是厌恶改变的人。◆How far does war bring about social change?战争带来的社会变动有多大？ⓘ A change [singular] is the fact of a situation, place or experience being different from what is usual and therefore likely to be interesting or enjoyable. 用作单数形式的a change指令人感兴趣或可喜的变化、变更◆Let's stay in tonight for a change.咱们今晚换换口味，就待在家里吧。◆It makes a change to read some good news for once.破例读到点好消息，真让人高兴。 ■ shift [countable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) a change in position or direction （位置或方向的）改变，转变◆These results mark a dramatic shift in public opinion.这些结果表明公众舆论发生了急剧变化。◆There was a gradual shift in the population away from the countryside to the towns.人口逐渐从农村向城镇转移。◆I detected a subtle shift towards our point of view.我察觉到转向我方观点的微妙变化。◆These climate shifts occurred over less than a decade.发生这些气候变化不超过十年。■ variation [countable, uncountable] frequent change in the amount, quality or level of sth （数量、质量或水平上频繁的）变化，变更，变动◆The dial records very slight variations in pressure.这个刻度盘能显示很微小的压力变化。◆Currency exchange rates are always subject to variation.货币汇率总在波动。◆We need to take seasonal variation into account (= depending on the time of year).我们需要考虑季节性波动。 see also variation ⇨ difference ■ swing [countable] a change from one opinion or situation to another; the amount by which sth changes （观点或情况的）改变；改变的程度◆He is liable to abrupt mood swings (= for example from being very happy to being very sad).他的情绪容易大起大落。◆Voting showed a 10% swing to Labour.投票显示10%的人转而支持工党。◆There are indications of a swing towards nuclear power.有迹象表明人们转而支持核能。ⓘ Swing is used especially to talk about political, social and cultural changes, as well as mood swings or swings of mood. * swing尤指政治、社会和文化方面的变化，“情绪变化”用mood swings或swings of mood。■ fluctuation / /ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃn/ / [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) frequent change in the size, amount, level or quality of sth, especially from one extreme to another （大小、数量、水平或质量上频繁剧烈的）波动◆The situation led to wild fluctuations in interest rates.这种情况导致了利率的大幅波动。◆Recent ice-cap surveys reveal climatic fluctuation.近期对冰冠进行的考察揭示了气候的波动。■ variability /ˌveəriəˈbɪləti; NAmE ˌveriəˈbɪləti, ˌværiəˈbɪləti/ [uncountable] (written) the fact of sth being likely to vary 可变性；易变性；反复不定◆The changes were attributed to natural climatic variability.这些变更是自然气候多变造成的。◆There is always a degree of variability in the exchange rate.汇率总是有一定幅度的变化。 see also variable ⇨ variable ■ alternation /ˌɔːltəˈneɪʃn; NAmE ˌɔːltərˈneɪʃn/ [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) a repeated change between different situations, feelings, types of behaviour or ideas （情况、情绪、行为或想法上重复性的）改变，变化◆the alternation of day and night昼夜交替◆Such rapid alternations of mood are a feature of her writing.如此快速的情绪变化是她文字作品的一个特征。ⓘ Alternations involve changing from one situation to another, and then back to the first situation again. * alternation指周而复始的变化。 team1 noun work together as a team 以团队合作的方式工作a football team 足球队 ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ party 3 and ⇨ group 2 另见party条第3义和group条第2义team ♦︎ crew ♦︎ squad ♦︎ ring ♦︎ detachment ♦︎ corps ♦︎ shift ♦︎ gangThese are all words for a group of people working together. 这些词均表示一起工作的团队、小组。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a team / crew / squad / detachment / corps / gang of sth◆in a team / crew / squad / gang◆a 5-strong / 100-strong, etc. team / crew / squad◆a small team / crew / squad / corps◆a large team / crew / squad / corps◆to join a team / crew / corps◆a team / squad / ring / gang leader◆a member of a team / crew / squad / ring / corps / gang◆part of a team / squad / ring / detachment■ team [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who work together at a particular job （一起工作的）小组，班子，团队◆A team of experts has been called in to investigate.一个专家小组已应召来进行调查。◆He was part of a research team under Professor James.他是詹姆斯教授领导的研究小组成员。◆They need to learn to work together as a team.他们需要学习以团队合作的方式工作。◆It took a team effort to finish the project on time.充分发动了团队的力量才得以按时完成项目。■ crew / /kruː/ / [countable + singular or plural verb] (especially in compounds 尤用于构成复合词) all the people working on a ship or plane; a group of people with special technical skills who work together （轮船或飞机上的）全体工作人员；技术人员团队；专业团队◆None of the passengers or crew were injured.没有一个乘客和机组人员受伤。◆Two crews of six men carried out the work in shifts.有两组六人团队轮班工作。ⓘ Crew is used especially in compounds in the contexts of filming, the emergency services, and technical support. * crew尤用于构成复合词，用于拍电影、紧急服务和技术支援等语境下◆a TV / film / camera crew电视／电影摄制组；摄制组◆an ambulance / a fire crew救护车急救组；消防队◆a maintenance / support crew维修／支援人员In the context of aeroplanes, you can talk about the aircrew, flight crew or cabin crew, who work on the plane, or the ground crew who work at the airport and look after aircraft and passengers while they are on the ground. 与飞机有关时，可以说aircrew、flight crew或cabin crew，指在飞机上工作的机组人员；或说ground crew，指地勤人员。 ■ squad / /skwɒd; NAmE skwɑːd/ [countable + singular or plural verb] a section of a police force that deals with a particular type of crime; a small group of soldiers working or being trained together; a group of people employed to kill sb's opponents, usually for political reasons （对付某类犯罪活动的）警方专案组；（军队的）班；（常出于政治原因受雇杀人的）行动组◆He was deputy head of the force's serious crime squad.他是重案组副组长。◆A squad of soldiers had arrived to arrest him.一队士兵已经来到，要逮捕他。◆People lived in fear of the regime's notorious death squads.人民生活在对那个政权臭名昭著的暗杀小组的恐惧之中。ⓘ Police squads deal with a variety of different types of crime. 警方各个专案组处理不同类型的犯罪◆the drugs / vice / anti-terrorist / bomb / riot / fraud squad缉毒队；扫黄缉毒分队；反恐小组；拆弹组；防暴队；反欺诈小组A death squad can also be called a hit squad or an assassination squad. * death squad（暗杀小组）亦称hit squad或assassination squad。 see also firing squad ⇨ execution ■ ring [countable] a group of people working together, especially in secret or illegally （尤指秘密或非法的）团伙，帮派，集团◆The four men are accused of running a drug smuggling ring.那四个男人被控操纵毒品走私团伙。◆a spy ring间谍网 see also gang ⇨ party 3 ■ detachment /dɪˈtætʃmənt/ / [countable] a group of soldiers, sailors or ships sent away from a larger group, especially to do special duties （尤指执行特殊任务的）分遣队，支队，别动队◆A detachment of marines was left to guard the site.一支海军陆战队的分遣队留守该处。◆The attack wiped out the entire twelve-man detachment.那次袭击杀死了分遣队所有成员共十二人。 see also unit ⇨ army ■ corps / /kɔː(r)/ / [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people involved in a particular job or activity （从事某工作或活动的）一群人，一组人◆Local people worked alongside an international corps of volunteers.当地人和一个国际志愿者团体一同工作。◆the press corps记者团◆the diplomatic corps外交使团■ shift [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of workers working particular hours 一组轮班职工◆The drama began at 5.15 am as the day shift was going on duty.那部剧早晨5点15分开始，正是日班职工要上班时。◆Most of the night shift had already left.大部分夜班职工已经离去。◆As I left the next shift was settling in for the day.我离开时，那天下一班的当值人员正准备上岗。■ gang [countable + singular or plural verb] an organized group of workers or prisoners working together, especially doing physical work such as building work 一队，一组（一起干活的工人或囚犯，尤指做建筑工作等体力活）◆The work was done by convicts working in gangs.这个工程是由一组组囚犯完成的。◆a prison / work gang狱内团伙；劳动队 see also gang ⇨ party 3 |