| 例句 |
air noun
⇨ air (kick a ball into the air) ⇨ appearance (an air of concern) ⇨ pretension (put on airs)air verb
⇨ say 2 air noun air ♦︎ sky ♦︎ atmosphere ♦︎ airspace ♦︎ the heavensThese words all mean the space above or around you. 这些词均表示空中或天空。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in / into the air / sky / atmosphere / sb's airspace / the heavens◆through the air / sky / atmosphere / sb's airspace■ air (usually the air 通常作the air) [uncountable] the space above the ground or that is around things 空中；天空◆I kicked the ball high into the air.我把球高高地踢到空中。◆Spicy smells wafted through the air.空中飘来一阵阵浓烈的香味。◆Music filled the night air.乐声荡漾在夜空中。ⓘ Air is also the space above the earth where planes fly. * air也指地球上方飞机飞行的空间◆It only takes three hours by air (= in a plane).坐飞机只需三个小时。◆air travel / traffic / fares航空旅行；空中交通；飞机票价◆The temple was clearly visible from the air.从空中看去，那座寺庙清晰可见。 ■ sky [countable, uncountable] the space above the earth that you can see when you look up, where clouds and the sun, moon and stars appear 天；天空◆What's that in the sky?天上那个东西是什么？◆Stars began to twinkle in the night sky.繁星开始在夜空闪烁。◆I had blue skies and sunshine nearly every day I was there.在那儿我几乎每天都能享受到蓝天和丽日。ⓘ You usually say the sky. When sky is used with an adjective, use a ... sky. 通常说the sky，与形容词连用时用a ... sky◆We made our way home under a cloudless sky.晴空万里，我们踏上了回家的路程。You can also use the plural form skies, especially when you are thinking about the great extent of the sky. 也可用复数形式skies，尤指天空广阔时◆The skies above London were ablaze with a spectacular firework display.伦敦上空礼花绽放，好不壮观。 ■ atmosphere (usually the atmosphere 通常作the atmosphere) [countable, usually singular] the layer of air that surrounds the earth; the mixture of gases that surrounds a large object in space such as a planet or star （围绕地球的）大气（层）；（围绕天体的）气体◆Pollution of the atmosphere is a global problem.大气污染是全球性问题。◆The outermost part of the sun's atmosphere is called the corona.太阳大气的最外层叫做日冕。▸ atmospheric / /ˌætməsˈferɪk/ / adjective ◆atmospheric pollution大气污染■ airspace /ˈeəspeɪs; NAmE ˈerspeɪs/ [uncountable] the part of the sky where planes fly, usually the part above a particular country that is legally controlled by that country 领空；（某国的）空域◆The jet entered Chinese airspace without permission.那架喷气式飞机未经允许闯入了中国领空。■ the heavens [plural] (literary) the sky above, as seen from the ground 天空；苍穹◆Four tall trees stretched up to the heavens.四棵大树参天而立。 appearance noun appearance ♦︎ look ♦︎ manner ♦︎ air ♦︎ looksThese are all words for the way that sb/sth looks, behaves or seems to be. 这些词均表示外貌、举止或外表。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(a) striking / distinctive appearance / look / looks◆sb's general appearance / manner / air◆a confident appearance / manner / air◆to have a ... appearance / look / manner / air◆to lose your / its ... appearance / air / looks◆to improve sb / sth's appearance / look / looks◆to like sb / sth's appearance / look / manner / looks◆to give sb the appearance / look / air of sth■ appearance [countable] the way that sb/sth looks on the outside; what sb/sth seems to be 外貌；外观；外表◆The dog was similar in general appearance to a spaniel.这条狗粗粗一看像西班牙猎狗。◆She had never been greatly concerned about her appearance.她从来不怎么注重打扮。◆To all appearances (= as far as people could tell) he was dead.从一切迹象来看，他已经死了。◆He gave every appearance of (= seemed very much to be) enjoying himself.他处处表现得很快活。◆When she lost all her money, she was determined to keep up appearances (= hide the true situation and pretend that everything was going well).她把钱都亏光时，决意佯装若无其事。 see also appear ⇨ seem ■ look [countable, usually singular] the way that sb/sth looks; the appearance of sb/sth 样子；相貌；外表◆It's going to rain today by the look of it (= judging by appearances).看样子今天要下雨了。◆I don't like the look of that guy (= I don't trust him, judging by his appearance).看他那副样子，我不喜欢。◆Looks can be deceptive.外表有时是靠不住的。 see also look ⇨ seem NOTE 辨析 Appearance or look? Appearance is often used in talking about how sb/sth seems in contrast to how they really are. Typical collocates are outward and external and the phrase keep up appearances. Appearance is also commonly used to talk about how people make themselves look attractive. * appearance常用来指人或事物的外表，与其本质相对，常见搭配词有outward和external，常用短语有keep up appearances。appearance还常指打扮◆She was always very particular about her appearance.她总是很讲究外表。 Look is used more in spoken English and is used especially in the phrases by the look of it/him/her, etc. and (not) like the look of sb. * look多用于口语，尤用于短语by the look of it/him/her, etc.（从它／他／她等的样子判断）和(not) like the look of sb（喜欢／不喜欢某人的样子）。 ■ manner [singular] the way that sb behaves and speaks towards other people 举止；态度◆She has a friendly, relaxed manner.她一副友善、随意的样子。◆His manner was polite but cool.他举止彬彬有礼而又冷漠。■ air [singular] the particular feeling or impression that is given by sb/sth; the way sb does sth 感觉；印象；神态◆The room had an air of luxury.房间有种奢华的气派。◆There was an air of complete confidence about her.她显得信心十足。 see also aura ⇨ atmosphere ■ looks [plural] a person's appearance, especially when the person is attractive （尤指俊美的）容貌，相貌◆She has her father's good looks.她有父亲那样俊秀的容貌。◆He lost his looks (= became less attractive) in later life.他英俊的相貌在晚年已不复存在。 see also good-looking ⇨ beautiful 1 pretension noun pretension ♦︎ snobbery ♦︎ airs ♦︎ affectationThese are all words for behaviour that shows that sb thinks they are more important, intelligent, etc. than they actually are, especially to impress other people. 这些词均表示虚饰、虚夸。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆without pretension / affectation◆intellectual / social pretensions / snobbery■ pretension / /prɪˈtenʃn/ / [countable, usually plural, uncountable] (disapproving) the act of trying to appear more important, more intelligent or of higher social status than you really are in order to impress other people 虚饰；虚夸◆The play mocks the pretensions of the new middle class.这出戏讽刺了装模作样的新中产阶级。◆She was charmed by his lack of pretension.他不虚夸，不做作，这让她为之倾倒。 see also pretentious ⇨ flashy ■ snobbery / /ˈsnɒbəri; NAmE ˈsnɑːbəri/ [uncountable] (disapproving) the attitudes and behaviour of people who think they are better than other people (especially because they think they are more intelligent or have better taste), or have no respect for people from the lower social classes 势利；自命不凡◆We have to overcome a degree of snobbery about diesel cars.我们得要克服在一定程度上瞧不起柴油汽车的心态。◆She quickly ran up against snobbery and prejudice.她很快就遭遇到歧视和偏见。ⓘ In British English inverted snobbery is the attitude that disapproves of everything connected with high social status and that is proud of low social status. 在英式英语中，inverted snobbery（倒转势利眼）意为反对一切与社会高层有关的事物，而为社会底层感到自豪。 see also snobbish ⇨ patronizing ■ airs [plural] (disapproving) behaviour that shows that sb thinks they are more important, better educated or of higher social status than they really are 摆架子；装腔作势◆I hate the way she puts on airs.我不喜欢她那装腔作势的样子。◆ (BrE) Even when he became a star he didn't have any airs and graces.即使成了明星，他也没有架子。■ affectation /ˌæfekˈteɪʃn/ / [countable, uncountable] (usually disapproving) behaviour or an action that is not natural or sincere and that is often intended to impress other people 假装；做作；装模作样◆His little affectations irritated her.他有些装腔作势，令她恼火。◆He speaks clearly and without affectation.他吐字清晰，不做作。 say2 verb 'Hello!' she said. “喂！”她说。I can't say I blame her. 我不能说是她不对。We'll finish in, let's say, three months. 比方说，三个月我们就能完成。 ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ declare and ⇨ show 3 另见declare条和show条第3义say ♦︎ talk ♦︎ express ♦︎ put ♦︎ voice ♦︎ air ♦︎ phraseThese words all mean to let people know how you feel or what you think by speaking. 这些词均表示用言语表达、表述。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to express / voice / air your thoughts / opinions / views / concerns◆to express / put / phrase sth clearly◆to talk / express yourself / air sth openly◆to talk / express yourself freely■ say (said, said) [transitive, intransitive] to give an opinion on sth 表达，表述（见解）◆Say what you like (= although you disagree) about her, she's a fine singer.随你怎么说，反正她是个优秀歌手。◆I'll say this for them, they're a very efficient company.我要为他们说句公道话，他们公司的效率的确很高。◆Anna thinks I'm lazy－what do you say (= what is your opinion)?安娜认为我懒惰－你说呢?◆It's hard to say what caused the accident.很难说造成事故的原因是什么。◆I can't say I blame her for resigning (= I think she was right).她辞职了，我不能说她不对。◆I wouldn't say they were rich (= in my opinion they are not rich).我认为他们并不富裕。◆'When will it be finished?' 'I couldn't say (= I don't know).'“什么时候能够完成？”“说不好。”■ talk [intransitive, transitive] to say things, especially in order to express feelings or ideas; to say things that are/are not sensible 说话；谈论；说，讲（有理、无理的话）◆Stop talking and listen!别说话了，注意听！◆He talked excitedly of his plans.他兴奋地谈起自己的计划。◆She talks a lot of sense.她讲得很在理。◆You're talking nonsense!你胡说八道！ ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ talk 另见talk条■ express [transitive] (rather formal) to show or make known a feeling, opinion or idea by words, looks or actions 表示，表达，表露（感情、意见或想法）◆Teachers have expressed concern about the emphasis on testing.教师对偏重考试的问题表示担忧。◆Perhaps I have not expressed myself very well.也许我没把自己的意思表达清楚。◆She expresses herself most fully in her paintings.她在画作中把自己的感情表现得淋漓尽致。ⓘ Express is often followed by a noun describing a feeling or emotion. * express后面常接表示感觉或感情的名词◆to express (your, my, etc.) dissatisfaction / fear / horror / gratitude / desire表达（你的、我的等）不满／担忧／惊恐／感激／欲望 Say and talk cannot be used in this way. Use express yourself to talk about saying what you think or feel so that people understand, or with by, through or in to talk about showing your feelings in a particular way, such as through art or poetry. * say和talk不能这样用。express yourself指表达自己的思想感情以使别人明白，或与by、through或in连用，指以某种形式（如通过艺术或诗歌等）来表现自己的感情。 see also expression ⇨ expression 1 ■ put [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to express or state sth in a particular way （以某种方式）说，表达◆She put it very tactfully.她的话说得很巧妙。◆Put simply, we accept their offer or go bankrupt.简单地说吧，我们要么接受他们的条件，要么破产。◆I was, to put it mildly, annoyed (= I was extremely angry).委婉点地说，我很不高兴。◆He was too trusting－or, to put it another way, he had no head for business.他太轻信人了－或者换个说法，他没有商业头脑。◆She had never tried to put this feeling into words.她从未试图把这种感情说出来。■ voice [transitive] (rather formal) to tell people your feelings or opinions about sth 表示，表达，吐露（感情或意见）◆A number of parents have voiced concern about their children's safety.一些家长对子女的安全表示担心。■ air [transitive] (rather formal) to express your opinions publicly 公开发表（意见）◆The weekly meeting enables employees to air their grievances.每周的例会使雇员有机会诉说委屈。NOTE 辨析 Voice or air?You can voice an opinion to one person, but if you air an opinion, you are usually sharing it with many people, at a meeting for example. * voice可指向一个人表达意见，而air通常指向众人公开发表意见，如在会议上。■ phrase [transitive] to say or write sth, arranging the words in a particular way （以某种方式）表达，措辞，推敲◆I agree with what he says, but I'd have phrased it differently.我赞同他说的话，但我会以不同的方式来表述。 |