| 例句 |
throw verb
⇨ throw (throw a ball/stone) ⇨ have 4 (throw a party) ⇨ throw down the guantlet ⇨ challenge ⇨ throw light on sth ⇨ explain 1 throw verb throw ♦︎ toss ♦︎ hurl ♦︎ fling ♦︎ chuck ♦︎ lob ♦︎ bowl ♦︎ pitchThese words all mean to send sth from your hand through the air. 这些词均表示扔、投、掷、抛。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to throw / toss / hurl / fling / chuck / lob / bowl / pitch sth at / to sb / sth◆to throw / toss / fling / chuck sth aside / away◆to throw / toss / hurl / fling / chuck / lob / bowl / pitch a ball◆to throw / toss / hurl / fling / chuck stones / rocks / a brick◆to throw / toss / fling / chuck sb a towel◆to throw / toss / hurl / fling sth angrily◆to throw / toss sth casually / carelessly■ throw (threw, thrown) [transitive, intransitive] to send sth from your hand or hands through the air 扔；投；掷；抛◆Some kids were throwing things at the window.一些孩子在朝窗户扔东西。◆The body had been thrown into the river.尸体被扔进河中。◆Can you throw me that towel?请把那条毛巾扔给我好吗？◆They had a competition to see who could throw the furthest.他们举行了一场比赛，看谁投得最远。▸ throw noun [countable] ◆a well-aimed throw准确的投掷◆It's your throw (= it's your turn to throw the dice).轮到你掷（骰子）了。■ toss [transitive] to throw sth lightly or carelessly （轻轻或随意地）扔，抛，掷◆I got up, tossing aside my book.我把书丢在一边，站了起来。◆He tossed the ball to Anna.他把球抛给了安娜。◆He tossed Anna the ball.他把球抛给了安娜。■ hurl [transitive] to throw sth violently in a particular direction 猛扔；猛投；猛摔◆Rioters hurled a brick through the car's windscreen.暴徒向那辆汽车投掷砖块，砸破了挡风玻璃。■ fling (flung, flung) [transitive] to throw sb/sth somewhere with a lot of force, especially because you are angry or in a hurry （尤指因生气或着急而用力）扔，掷，抛，丢◆He flung her to the ground.他把她推倒在地。◆I flung a few clothes into a bag.我把几件衣服丢进包里。■ chuck [transitive] (especially BrE, informal) to throw sth carelessly （随便地）扔，抛◆Chuck me that newspaper, can you?请你把报纸扔给我好吗？■ lob (-bb-) [transitive] (informal) to throw sth so that it goes high through the air （往空中）高扔，高抛，高掷◆They were lobbing stones over the wall.他们把石块扔过了围墙。■ bowl [intransitive, transitive](in cricket) to throw the ball to the batsman （板球运动中）把球投给击球员，投球◆It was Peter's turn to bowl.轮到彼得投球了。◆He bowled him a gentle first ball.他轻轻地向他投出第一个球。■ pitch [intransitive, transitive](in baseball) to throw the ball to the batter （棒球运动中）把球投给击球员，投球◆He pitched against UCLA last week.他上周担任投手，对阵加州大学洛杉矶分校。◆The pitcher pitched the ball right down the middle of the plate.那个投手将球正好投到本垒板中间。 have4 verb have a new car/coat/job 有一辆新车；有一件新外衣；有一份新工作have an ability/two children 有能力；有两个孩子have an accident 出事故have a meeting/party/conversation 举行会议／聚会；进行谈话have ♦︎ hold ♦︎ host ♦︎ call ♦︎ give ♦︎ convene ♦︎ throwThese words all mean to arrange for people to be together for a particular purpose. 这些词均表示组织、举办。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to have / hold / host / call / give / convene a conference◆to have / hold / call / convene a meeting◆to have / hold / host / give / throw a party◆to have / hold / host / give a dinner◆to have / hold / call an election◆to have / hold / host a competition / contest◆to have / hold a conversation / debate / discussion■ have (has, had, had) [transitive] to organize an event; to organize or take part in a discussion or conversation 组织（活动）；举办，参加（讨论或谈话）◆Let's have a party to celebrate.我们办个聚会庆祝一下吧！◆We had a very interesting discussion about climate change.我们就气候变化举办了一场非常有趣的讨论会。■ hold (held, held) [transitive, often passive] (rather formal) to organize or have an event or discussion 召开，举行，进行（活动或讨论）◆The next conference will be held in Ohio.下一次会议将在俄亥俄州举行。◆It's impossible to hold a conversation with all this noise.噪音这么大，根本没法交谈。■ host [transitive] to organize an event to which others are invited and make all the arrangements for them 主办，主持（活动）◆The President hosted a banquet in her honour.总统设宴欢迎她。◆Germany hosted the World Cup finals.德国主办了世界杯决赛阶段比赛。▸ host noun [countable] ◆Ian, our host, introduced us to the other guests.主人伊恩把我们介绍给其他客人。◆The college is playing host to a group of visiting Russian scientists.学院正在接待一批来访的俄罗斯科学家。■ call [transitive] to order sth to happen; to announce that sth will happen 下令举行；宣布进行◆The principal called a staff meeting to discuss the changes.校长宣布召开教职工大会讨论这些变化。◆The drivers were going to call a strike.司机将举行罢工。■ give (gave, given) [transitive] to organize an event and invite people to it; to perform sth in public 举办，举行（活动）；表演◆The Chancellor will be giving a press conference later today.今天晚些时候校长将举行记者招待会。◆She gave a reading from her latest novel.她朗诵了她最近出版的小说中的一段。■ convene / /kənˈviːn/ / [transitive] (formal) to arrange for people to come together for a formal meeting or meetings 召集，召开（大会）◆A Board of Enquiry was convened immediately after the accident.事故发生后立即成立了调查委员会。■ throw [transitive] (threw, thrown) (rather informal) to organize a party and invite people to it 举行（聚会）◆They threw a party for him on his birthday.他们在他生日那天为他办了一个生日会。◆ (informal) He always throws a big bash on Oscar night.他总是在奥斯卡之夜举办盛大的聚会。ⓘ In this meaning throw always collocates with party or bash. 表达此义时，throw总是与party或bash搭配。 challenge verb challenge ♦︎ dare ♦︎ throw down the gauntletThese words all mean to invite sb to fight or compete with you, or do sth that you think they may be afraid to do. 这些词均表示挑战某人或激发某人做某事。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to challenge / dare sb to do sth■ challenge / /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ / [transitive] to invite sb to enter a competition or fight; to suggest strongly that sb should do sth, especially when you think that they might be unwilling to do it 向（某人）挑战；（尤指在对方不情愿时）强烈建议（某人做某事）◆Mike challenged me to a game of chess.迈克硬要和我在棋盘上一决高下。◆The opposition leader challenged the prime minister to call an election.反对党领袖强烈要求首相宣布进行选举。 see also challenger ⇨ participant ▸ challenge noun [countable] ◆She took up his challenge.她接受了他的挑战。■ dare [transitive] to try to persuade sb to do sth dangerous, difficult or embarrassing so that they can show that they are not afraid 激（某人做某事）；问（某人）有没有胆量（做某事）◆Go on! Take it! I dare you.来呀！接受吧！我谅你也不敢。◆Some of the older boys had dared him to do it.几个大男孩激他做这事。▸ dare noun [countable, usually singular] ◆ (BrE) He climbed onto the roof for a dare.他受到激将爬上了房顶。 (NAmE) ◆She learned to fly on a dare.她在激将下学会了驾驶飞机。■ throw down the ˈgauntlet idiom (threw, thrown)to invite sb to fight or compete with you 发出挑战◆She has thrown down the gauntlet to the newspaper by accusing it of libel.她向那家报社发出挑战，控告他们诽谤。 OPP take up the gauntlet ⓘ To take up the gauntlet is to accept sb's invitation to fight or compete. * take up the gauntlet指接受挑战◆His Republican rival may be expected to take up the gauntlet.据猜测，他的共和党竞争对手可能会接受挑战。 explain1 verb explain how sth works 解释⋯的工作原理explain your behaviour 说明你这样做的原因explain ♦︎ illustrate ♦︎ define ♦︎ clarify ♦︎ shed/cast/throw light on sth ♦︎ spell sth out ♦︎ interpret ♦︎ expoundThese words all mean to tell sb about sth in a way that makes them able to understand it. 这些词均表示解释、说明。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to explain / clarify / spell sth out / expound sth to sb◆to explain / spell out that...◆to explain / illustrate / clarify / shed light on / spell out how / what... / why...◆to explain / clarify / shed light on a / an situation / issue◆to explain / illustrate / clarify / expound an idea◆to explain / illustrate / clarify a point◆to explain / illustrate / define / clarify the position / role / nature / meaning of sth◆to explain / illustrate / expound a theory◆to clearly explain / illustrate / define / spell out / expound sth■ explain [transitive, intransitive] to tell sb about sth in a way that makes it easy or easier for them to understand 解释；说明；阐明◆First, let me explain the rules of the game.首先，我来说明一下游戏的规则。◆I tried to explain the problem to the technician.我试图向那个技术员解释这个问题。◆She explained to them what to do in the event of an emergency.她向他们说明了紧急情况下要怎么做。◆'It was like this,' she explained.“事情就是这样了。”她解释道。◆There's no need to explain. We understand.没有必要解释，我们明白。ⓘ You cannot say 'explain me/him/her, etc.'. * explain后不能直接跟人称代词，要用explain sth to sb◆Can you explain the situation to me?能给我说明一下情况吗？◆Can you explain me the situation? see also explanatory ⇨ descriptive ▸ explanation [countable] ◆For a full explanation of how the machine works, turn to page 5.关于机器工作原理的详细说明，请见第5页。■ illustrate [transitive] to make the meaning of sth clearer by using examples, pictures, diagrams, etc. （用事例、图片、图表等）说明，解释◆To illustrate my point, let me tell you a little story.为了说明我的观点，我来给你们讲个小故事。◆Last year's sales figures are illustrated in Figure 2.图2显示了去年的销售数字。 see also illustrate ⇨ show 1 , illustration ⇨ diagram , illustration ⇨ example 1 , illustrative ⇨ descriptive ■ define [transitive] to say or explain what the meaning of a word or phrase is 解释（词语）含义；给（词语）下定义◆The term 'mental illness' is difficult to define.“精神病”这个词很难下定义。◆Life imprisonment is defined as 60 years under state law.按照州法律终身监禁定义为60年。 see also definition ⇨ definition ■ clarify / /ˈklærəfaɪ/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth clearer or easier for sb to understand 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清◆Let me clarify my position on this matter.我来澄清一下我在这件事情上的立场。◆There are one or two issues that need to be clarified.有一两个问题需要再说明一下。◆I hope I managed to clarify things a little.希望我已经把事情解释得清楚些了。▸ clarification noun [uncountable, countable] ◆I am seeking clarification of the regulations.我正努力弄清这些规则。■ shed ˈlight on sth■ throw ˈlight on sth■ cast ˈlight on sth idiom (shedding, shed, shed; cast, cast; threw, thrown)to make sth easier to understand by explaining parts of it （部分地）解释清楚，阐明◆Recent research has thrown some new light on the causes of the disease.最新的研究进一步解释了这种病的病因。◆The report casts no light on (= does not explain) why some children are still failing to achieve at school.这个报告没有解释为什么一些儿童仍然不能在学业上取得进步。ⓘ A person, sth they say or write, or a new discovery can shed/cast/throw light on sth. * shed/cast/throw light on sth的主语可以是人、言论或文章，或是新的研究发现。■ ˌspell sth ˈout phrasal verb to explain sth in a very clear, simple way （用浅显的方式）解释明白，讲清楚◆You know what I mean－ I'm sure I don't need to spell it out.你明白我的意思－肯定不需要解释了。■ interpret [transitive] to explain the meaning of sth such as a text or work of art, especially when it is possible to understand or explain it in several different ways 诠释，解读（文本、艺术品等，尤指诠释方式不只一种）◆The students were asked to interpret the poem.学生被要求诠释那首诗。 see also interpretation ⇨ definition , interpretative ⇨ descriptive ■ expound [transitive, intransitive] (formal) to explain sth by talking about it in detail 详解；详述；阐述◆She expounded her theory further in the course of her talk.她在发言中进一步详述了她的理论。◆He was there to expound on the government's latest policy initiative.他去那儿的目的是阐述政府政策的最新方案。 |