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structure noun
⇨ structure (the structure of a building/society) ⇨ building (a wooden structure) ⇨ efficiency (Children need structure in their lives.) structure noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ system 另见system条structure ♦︎ framework ♦︎ form ♦︎ composition ♦︎ construction ♦︎ fabric ♦︎ make-upThese are all words for the way the different parts of sth combine together or the way that sth has been made. 这些词均表示结构、构造、构成。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the basic structure / framework / form / composition / construction / fabric of sth◆a simple / complex / coherent / rigid / flexible structure / framework / form◆the economic / political / social structure / framework / composition / fabric / make-up of sth◆the chemical / genetic structure / composition / make-up of sth◆to create / devise / establish / provide a structure / framework for sth■ structure [countable] the way in which the parts of sth are connected together, arranged or organized, especially when there are a number of different levels （尤指包含不同层次的）结构，构造◆the structure of the building / human body建筑物的结构；人体构造◆a career / salary / tax structure职业／工资／税收结构◆the grammatical structures of a language一种语言的语法结构◆Students study the structure of human societies throughout history.学生们研究贯穿整个历史的人类社会结构。 see also structure ⇨ efficiency ■ framework /ˈfreɪmwɜːk; NAmE ˈfreɪmwɜːrk/ [countable] a set of beliefs, ideas or rules that forms the basis of a system or society （构成体系或社会的基础的）信仰，观点，准则◆They established a basic framework of ground rules for discussions.他们针对讨论制订了基本准则。◆The report provides a framework for further research.该报告提供了进一步研究的原则。■ form [uncountable] the arrangement of parts in a whole, especially in a work of art or piece of writing （尤指艺术作品或文章的）结构，形式◆The photographer always said that shape and form were more important to him than colour.那位摄影师总是说，在他看来外形和结构比颜色更重要。◆The form of the poem is of great significance.这首诗的结构很有意味。■ composition /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn; NAmE ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃn/ [countable] (rather formal) the different parts or people that combine to form sth; the way in which they combine 成分；构成；组合方式◆recent changes in the composition of the workforce劳动人口构成的最新变化◆The two drugs are nearly identical in composition.这两种药品的成分几乎一样。 see also be composed of sb/sth ⇨ consist of sb/sth ■ construction [uncountable] the way that sth has been built or made 建造方式；构造方式◆ships of steel construction钢结构的轮船◆The earliest Greek temples were small buildings, simple in construction.最早的希腊神殿是一些结构简单的小建筑物。 see also construction ⇨ production , construct ⇨ build ■ fabric [singular] (rather formal) the basic structure of a society or organization that enables it to function successfully （社会或组织的）基本结构◆This is a worrying trend which threatens the very fabric of society.这是一个令人担忧的趋势，它威胁着社会的基本结构。■ ˈmake-up [singular] (rather informal, especially spoken or journalism 新闻) the different people or things that combine to form sth; the way in which they combine 组成成分；构成方式◆the genetic make-up of plants and animals植物和动物的基因构成方式◆Ireland did show up a number of flaws in the England team's make-up.爱尔兰队的确暴露出了英格兰队人员组成方面的一些缺点。 see also make up sth ⇨ consist of sb/sth NOTE 辨析 Composition or make-up? Composition is used more in scientific and technical contexts; make-up is used more in speech and journalism. * composition较多用于科技语境，make-up较多用于口语和新闻语言。 building noun building ♦︎ property ♦︎ premises ♦︎ complex ♦︎ structure ♦︎ blockThese are all words for a structure such as a house, office block or factory that has a roof and four walls. 这些词均表示建筑物、房屋、楼房。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(a) commercial / residential building / property / premises / complex / block◆a / an factory / hospital / office building / premises / complex / block◆a / an prison / apartment building / complex / block◆a / an imposing / magnificent building / structure◆a brick / stone building / structure◆to build a property / a complex / a structure / a block◆to erect a building / complex / structure / block◆to put up a building / structure / block◆to demolish a building / property / complex / structure / block◆to pull down a building / a structure / a block◆to restore / renovate a building / property■ building [countable] a structure such as a house, office block or factory that has a roof and four walls 建筑物；房屋；楼房◆a tall / high-rise / ten-storey building高大的／高层／十层的建筑物◆The Blue Mosque at Isfahan is the most beautiful building I have ever seen.伊斯法罕的蓝色清真寺是我所见过最美丽的建筑。■ property [countable, uncountable] a building or buildings and the surrounding land; land and buildings 房屋及院落；庄园；房地产◆We have a potential buyer who would like to view the property.我们有位潜在的买主想看看这房产。◆The price of property has risen enormously.房地产的价格大幅上升了。◆a property developer房地产开发商ⓘ Property is often used when talking about buying/selling houses or other buildings and land. 谈及买卖房屋或其他房地产时常用property。■ premises [plural] the building or buildings and surrounding land that a business owns or uses （企业拥有或使用的）建筑及附属场地，营业场所◆The company is looking for larger premises.这家公司正在寻找更大的营业场所。◆No alcohol may be consumed on the premises.场区内禁止饮酒。◆Police were called to escort her off the premises.把警察召来护送她离场去了。■ complex [countable] a group of buildings of a similar type together in one place （类型相似的）建筑群◆a leisure / sports / shopping complex休闲活动中心；综合体育场；购物中心■ structure [countable] a thing that is made of several parts, especially a building 结构体；（尤指）建筑物◆The pier is a wooden structure and was built in 1867.该码头是木结构建筑，建于1867年。■ block [countable] (especially BrE) a tall building that contains flats or offices; a building that forms part of a school, hospital, etc. and is used for a particular purpose （公寓、办公、教学、医院等）大楼；（成组建筑中的）一栋楼房◆ (BrE) a block of flats公寓大楼◆ (BrE) a tower block高层建筑◆the school's science block学校的理科大楼◆ (especially NAmE) an apartment block公寓大楼 efficiency noun efficiency ♦︎ order ♦︎ coherence ♦︎ organization ♦︎ structure ♦︎ methodThese are all words for the quality of being organized and working well. 这些词均表示条理、效率。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆efficiency / coherence / method in sth◆great efficiency / coherence◆to bring / give order / coherence / structure to sth◆to have order / coherence / organization / structure◆to impose order / coherence / structure on sth◆to achieve efficiency / coherence◆to create order / coherence◆to lack order / coherence / organization / structure◆a lack of order / coherence / organization / structure■ efficiency / /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ / [uncountable] the quality of doing sth well with no waste of time or money 效率；效能；功效◆The new computer system will cut costs and increase efficiency.这一新的电脑系统可以降低成本，提高效率。◆New standards of energy efficiency (= not wasting energy) are being introduced.新的能源效率标准即将出台。OPP inefficiency ⇨ ineffective ■ order [uncountable] the state of being well organized or neatly arranged 条理◆Get your ideas into some sort of order before you begin to write.落笔之前，先要理清思路。◆She always liked creating order out of chaos.她总是喜欢让无序变得有序。◆The house had been kept in good order.房子保持得井井有条。◆I felt it was time to put my life in order.我觉得到了该好好安排我自己生活的时候了。OPP disorder ⇨ mess 1 , chaos ⇨ chaos see also ordered , orderly ⇨ neat ■ coherence /kəʊˈhɪərəns; NAmE koʊˈhɪrəns/ [uncountable] (formal) the situation in which all the parts of sth fit or work well together 连贯性；条理性◆Some of the points you make are good, but the essay as a whole lacks coherence.你提出的一些论点很好，但从整体上说文章不够连贯。◆The party tried to find some kind of ideological coherence.该党试图在意识形态上达成某种一致。 see also coherent ⇨ rational ■ organization (BrE also organisation) [uncountable] the quality of being arranged in a neat, careful or logical way 条理；系统性◆She's highly intelligent but her work lacks organization.她聪明绝顶，但工作缺乏条理。◆As a manager he's obsessed with organization.作为一名经理，他极为信奉系统性。NOTE 辨析 Order or organization? Order is a state that can be created or that sth can be put into; organization is a quality that sth either has or lacks. * order是一种状态，可以作create或put into的宾语；organization是一种特质，作have或lack的宾语◆Get your ideas into some sort of organization. ◆creating organization out of chaos ■ structure [uncountable, countable] the state of being well organized or planned with all the parts linked together 精心组织；系统安排◆In terms of structure the novel has several flaws.就组织结构而言，这部小说有几处瑕疵。◆Children need structure in their lives.儿童的生活需要有周密的安排。 see also structure ⇨ structure noun ■ method [uncountable] the quality of being well planned and well organized 条理；有条不紊◆We have to apply some method to this investigation.做这项调查，我们必须要有条理。ⓘ Method is used especially to talk about a way of doing a task or solving a problem. * method尤指做事或解决问题的有条理的方法。 |