survey verb ⇨survey (87% of the companies surveyed employ part-time staff.)⇨examine (This chapter surveys…)⇨study (survey the damage)survey noun ⇨inspection (an aerial survey)⇨investigation (a survey of people's attitudes)⇨report1 (a survey of small businesses)
survey
verb
survey ♦︎ poll ♦︎ sample ♦︎ canvass ♦︎ ballotThese words all mean to find out about sth by asking a group of people questions.这些词均表示作民意调查。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to poll / ballot sb on sth◆to canvass / ballot sb for sth◆to survey / canvass opinion◆to poll / ballot your members■survey [transitive] to find out about the opinions or behaviour of a group of people by asking them a series of questions对⋯作民意调查；对⋯进行民意测验◆We surveyed 500 smokers and found that over three quarters would like to give up.我们对500名吸烟者进行了调查，发现有超过四分之三的人愿意戒烟。◆The aim of the project is to survey public attitudes to disability.该项目旨在了解公众对残障的态度。 see also survey ⇨ investigationnoun■poll / /pəʊl; NAmEpoʊl/ [transitive, usually passive] to ask a large number of people, especially members of the public, what they think about sth对⋯作民意调查◆Over 50% of those polled were against the proposed military action.民调中有超过50%的人反对拟议的军事行动。 see also poll ⇨ investigationnoun■sample [transitive] (technical术语) to test part of sth or question part of a group of people in order to find out what the rest is like抽样检验；对⋯取样；对⋯采样◆The survey was done using a group of 100 children randomly sampled from the school population.在学校中随机抽取了100名儿童进行调查。▸sample
noun
[countable] ◆Samples of the water contained pesticide.水样中含有杀虫剂。◆The interviews were given to a random sample of students.对随机抽选出的学生进行了采访。■canvass /ˈkænvəs/ / [transitive] to ask people about sth in order to find out what they think about it调查民意；征求意见◆I quickly canvassed opinion on the issue among my colleagues.我很快就这一问题征求了同事们的意见。◆People are being canvassed for their views on the proposed new road.正在就计划修建的新道路征求人们的意见。■ballot / /ˈbælət/ / [transitive] to ask sb to vote secretly in writing about sth, especially to find out the opinion of a group of people（尤指为征求意见）要求（某人）对某事作无记名投票◆The union balloted its members on the proposed changes.工会要求会员对所提议的变革进行无记名投票。 see also ballot ⇨ electionnoun
examine
verb
examine ♦︎ analyse ♦︎ review ♦︎ study ♦︎ discuss ♦︎ go into sth ♦︎ take stock ♦︎ surveyThese words all mean to think about, study or describe sb/sth carefully, especially in order to understand them, form an opinion of them or make a decision about them.这些词均表示思量、调查、研究。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss / go into / take stock of / survey what / how / whether...◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss / take stock of / survey the situation◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss the possibility of sth◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss a / an proposal / idea◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss / survey the evidence / sb's work◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss / go into sth in depth / in detail◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss sth in the light of sth◆to examine / analyse / review / study / discuss / survey sth carefully / critically / systematically / briefly■examine [transitive] to think about, study or describe an idea, subject or piece of work very carefully思量；调查；研究◆These ideas will be examined in more detail in Chapter 10.这些观点将在第10章作更详尽的探讨。◆It is necessary to examine how the proposals can be carried out.有必要研究一下怎样才能实施这些方案。 see also examination ⇨ researchnoun■analyse (BrE) (NAmEanalyze) [transitive] to examine the nature or structure of sth, especially by separating it into its parts, in order to understand or explain it分析◆The job involves gathering and analysing data.这份工作需要搜集和分析资料。◆He tried to analyse his feelings.他试图分析自己的感情。◆We need to analyse what went wrong.我们需要分析是什么地方出了差错。 see also analysis ⇨ researchnoun■review [transitive] to examine sth again, especially so that you can decide if it is necessary to make changes复查；重新考虑◆Staff performance is reviewed annually.员工的业务表现每年考核一次。◆The decision may need to be reviewed in the light of new evidence.这个决定可能需要根据新获得的证据重新研究。◆Safety procedures are being urgently reviewed after a chemical leak at the factory.化学品泄漏事件发生之后，工厂正进行安全程序的紧急审查。▸review
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆The case is subject to judicial review.这个案子必须接受司法审查。◆The terms of the contract are under review.合同条款正在审议。◆a pay / salary review工资评审 see also review ⇨ reportnoun1■study [transitive] to examine sb/sth in order to understand them研究；调查◆We will study the report carefully before making a decision.我们将认真研究这份报告，然后再作决定。◆The group will study how the region coped with the loss of thousands of jobs.这一小组将考察这个地区在减少了几千个工作岗位的情况下是如何应对的。 see also study ⇨ researchnoun, study ⇨ reportnoun1NOTE辨析 Examine or study?You examine sth in order to understand it or to help other people understand it, for example by describing it in a book; you study sth in order to understand it yourself. * examine以理解或帮助他人理解为目的，如在书中探讨等；study则以自己理解为目的。■discuss [transitive] to write or talk about sth in detail, showing the different ideas and opinions about it详述；论述◆This topic will be discussed at greater length in the next chapter.这个题目将在下一章里详细论述。 see also discussion ⇨ research■go ˈinto sth
phrasal verb
(goes, went, gone) (ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) to examine a subject or question carefully, especially for practical reasons详细调查，认真研究（尤出于实际需要）◆We need to go into the question of costs.我们需要研究一下费用问题。■take ˈstock
idiom
(took, taken)to think carefully about the way in which a particular situation is developing in order to decide what to do next进行反思；作出评估◆It was time to stand back and take stock of his career.是时候该置身事外，反思一下他的职业生涯了。■survey /səˈveɪ; NAmEsərˈveɪ/ [transitive] to examine and give a general description of sth总体研究；概述◆This chapter briefly surveys the current state of European politics.本章对欧洲政治的现状作了简要概述。 see also survey ⇨ reportnoun1
study
verb
study ♦︎ scrutinize ♦︎ scan ♦︎ surveyThese words all mean to look at sb/sth carefully, especially in order to find out sth.这些词均表示审视、察看。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to study / scrutinize / scan / survey sth for sth◆to study / scrutinize / scan sb's face◆to study / scrutinize / scan / survey sth carefully◆to study / scrutinize / scan sth closely / intently◆to study / scrutinize / survey sth in detail / thoroughly■study [transitive] to look at sb/sth carefully in order to find out sth审视；端详；细看◆Scientists are studying photographs of the planet for signs of life.科学家们正在仔细察看行星照片，寻找生命迹象。◆Fran was studying the menu.弗兰在仔细地看菜单。■scrutinize (BrE alsoscrutinise) [transitive] (especiallywritten) to look at or examine sb/sth carefully仔细查看；认真检查；细致审查◆The statement was carefully scrutinized(= considered) before publication.那份声明在发表前经过了仔细审查。 see also scrutiny ⇨ research■scan(-nn-) [transitive] to look at every part of sth carefully, especially because you are looking for sth particular细看，察看，审视，端详（各个细节）◆He scanned the horizon for any sign of land.他仔细眺望地平线，寻找陆地的踪影。■survey /səˈveɪ; NAmEsərˈveɪ/ [transitive] to look at the whole of sb/sth in order to get a general impression of it查看，审视，审察（整体情况）◆The next morning we surveyed the damage caused by the fire.次日上午我们查看了火灾的破坏情况。
inspection
noun
inspection ♦︎ observation ♦︎ check ♦︎ examination ♦︎ audit ♦︎ surveillance ♦︎ survey ♦︎ scan ♦︎ check-upThese are all words for a careful look at sb/sth, especially to check that everything is satisfactory.这些词均表示检查、查看、审视。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(a) detailed inspection / observation / check / examination / audit / survey◆(a) close inspection / observation / check / examination / surveillance◆(a) thorough inspection / check / examination / audit / survey / check-up◆(a) careful inspection / observation / check / examination◆(a) regular inspection / observation / check / examination / audit / surveillance / check-up◆(a / an) routine inspection / check / examination / surveillance / scan / check-up◆a medical inspection / check / examination / check-up◆to carry out / do an inspection / an observation / a check / an examination / an audit / surveillance / a survey / a scan◆to conduct an inspection / a check / an examination / an audit / surveillance / a survey◆to give sb / sth an inspection / a check / an examination / a scan / a check-up◆to have an inspection / a check / an examination / a scan / a check-up◆an inspection / observation / a check / an examination / an audit / a survey / a scan / a check-up reveals / shows sth◆an inspection / observation / a check / an examination / a survey confirms sth■inspection [uncountable, countable] a careful look at sb/sth, especially to check that everything is satisfactory检查；查看；审视◆The documents are available for public inspection.这些文件可供公众查看。◆On closer inspection, the notes proved to be forgeries.经仔细检查，发现这些钞票是假钞。◆The principal went on a tour of inspection of all the classrooms.校长巡视了每一间教室。◆Council officials made one site inspection of the property.市政官员对房产进行了一次实地检查。 see also inspect ⇨ checkverb1■observation [uncountable, countable] the act of watching sb/sth carefully for a period of time, especially to find sth out观察；观测；监视◆Most of the information was collected by direct observation of the animals' behaviour.大部分信息都是通过直接观察动物的行为收集到的。◆We managed to escape observation(= we were not seen).我们设法避开了人们的注意。◆The report is based on scientific observations.报告以科学观测为基础。 see also observe ⇨ lookverb1■check [countable] a close and careful look at sth to make sure that it is safe, correct or in good condition检查，查看（是否安全、正确或状况良好）◆Could you give the tyres a quick check?你能快速检查一下轮胎吗？◆Regular safety checks are conducted on the equipment used in the factory.工厂里使用的设备会定期进行安全检查。◆In a series of spot checks(= checks made without warning), police searched buses crossing the border.警方在一系列突击检查中搜查了跨境公共汽车。 see also check ⇨ checkverb1■examination [uncountable, countable] a close and careful look at sth, especially to find sth out or see if anything is wrong（仔细的）检查，检验，考查◆Careful examination of the ruins revealed an even earlier temple.仔细考查这片废墟后发现了一座更为古老的庙宇。◆Doctors gave him a thorough medical examination.医生给他做了全面的体格检查。 see also examine ⇨ checkverb1■audit / /ˈɔːdɪt/ / [countable] (especially business尤用于商业) an official examination of business and financial records to see that they are true and correct; an official examination of the quality or standard of sth审计；稽核；（质量或标准的）审查，检查◆a tax audit税务审计◆Environmental audits are being carried out by many companies, showing the environmental impact of their activities.许多公司都在做环保审查，明示其活动对环境的影响。 see also audit ⇨ check1■surveillance /sɜːˈveɪləns; NAmEsɜːrˈveɪləns/ [uncountable] the act of carefully watching a person suspected of a crime or a place where a crime may be committed（对犯罪嫌疑人或容易发生犯罪的地方的）监视◆The police are keeping the suspects under constant surveillance.警方对嫌疑人保持不间断监视。■survey [countable] a careful look at an area of land in order to make a map or plan of it测量；勘测；测绘◆They carried out an aerial survey(= made by taking photographs from an aircraft) of the mountains.他们对山脉进行了航测。◆A geological survey revealed the presence of oil beneath the ground.地质勘查显示这块地下面有石油。ⓘ In British English a survey is also a careful look at the condition of a building, usually done for sb who is thinking of buying it.在英式英语中，survey还指为欲购房者所做的房屋查验◆We paid for a detailed structural survey, which identified two areas of dry rot in the attic.我们花钱请人对房屋结构做了详细查验，结果发现阁楼里有两处干朽。■scan [countable] a medical test in which a machine produces a picture of the inside of a person's body on a computer screen, using X-rays or ultrasound扫描检查◆The brain scan revealed no signs of injury.脑部扫描未显示受伤的迹象。■ˈcheck-up [countable] (ratherinformal) an examination of sth, especially a medical examination to make sure that you are healthy检查；（尤指）体格检查◆I went for my regular check-up.我去做了常规体检。
investigation
noun
investigation ♦︎ survey ♦︎ poll ♦︎ enquiry ♦︎ case ♦︎ probe ♦︎ inquest ♦︎ checkThese are all words for a process to find out about sth, especially to find all the facts or the cause of sth.这些词均表示调查、查究，尤指详尽的调查。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an investigation / a survey / an enquiry / a probe / an inquest into sth◆a survey / an inquest / a check on sth / sb◆in a survey / a poll / an enquiry◆a full investigation / survey / enquiry / inquest / check◆an independent investigation / survey / poll / enquiry / probe / inquest / check◆an official investigation / survey / enquiry / probe◆a public investigation / survey / enquiry / inquest◆a murder investigation / enquiry / case / probe◆a police investigation / enquiry / probe / check◆to carry out an investigation / a survey / a poll / an enquiry / a check◆to conduct an investigation / a survey / a poll / an enquiry / an inquest / a check◆to order an investigation / an enquiry / a probe / an inquest◆to launch an investigation / a survey / an enquiry / a probe◆an investigation / a survey / a poll / an enquiry / an inquest / a check reveals / shows sth◆an investigation / a survey / a poll / an enquiry / an inquest finds sth◆the results / findings of an investigation / a survey / a poll / an enquiry / an inquest■investigation [countable, uncountable] an official examination of the facts about a crime, accident or other situation（正式的）调查，侦查◆The police have completed their investigations into the accident.警方已完成对这起事故的调查。◆These are the same methods used in criminal investigations.这些方法跟在刑事调查中所使用的相同。◆She is currently under investigation for possessing illegal drugs.她因持有违禁药物目前正在接受调查。■survey [countable] a process to find out the opinions or behaviour of a particular group of people, which is usually done by asking them questions民意调查；民意测验◆According to the survey, many young adults have experimented with drugs.调查显示很多年轻人尝试过毒品。◆The charity did a survey of people's attitudes to the disabled.慈善机构就民众对残疾人的态度作了一次调查。 see also survey ⇨ surveyverb■poll / /pəʊl; NAmEpoʊl/ [countable] a process of questioning people who are representative of a larger group to get information about general opinions民意测验；民意调查◆Nelson has a clear lead in the opinion polls.纳尔逊在民意测验中明显领先。◆A nationwide poll revealed differences in food preferences between the North and South.一项全国范围的民意调查显示北方人和南方人对食物各有所好。 see also exit poll,straw poll ⇨ election, poll ⇨ surveyverb■enquiry ( inquiry, especially in NAmE) [countable] an official process to find out the cause of sth or to find out information about sth（正式的）调查，查究，查问◆There will be a public enquiry into the impact of the proposed new road.对拟建新路的影响将进行公开调查。◆ (formal) The director has been suspended on full pay pending an internal enquiry.该董事已被停职，仍领全薪，等候内部调查。■case [countable] a matter that is being officially investigated, especially by the police（尤指警方）侦查的案情，调查的案件◆A detective is on the case at the moment.一名侦探正在调查此案。◆Four police officers are investigating the case.四名警察在调查此案。◆They never solved the Jones murder case.琼斯谋杀案一直未能侦破。■probe [countable] (journalism新闻) a thorough and careful investigation into sth, especially sth that might be illegal（尤指对涉嫌违法之事的）探究，详尽调查◆There is to be a police probe into the financial affairs of the company.警方将对这家公司的财务进行详细调查。◆Arson probe after three die in blaze(= in a news headline)三人葬身烈焰，已展开纵火调查■inquest /ˈɪŋkwest/ / [countable] an official process to find out the cause of sb's death, especially when it has not happened naturally; a discussion about sth that has failed死因审理；验尸；勘验；（对失败之事所作的）检讨◆There will be a coroner's inquest into his death.将进行验尸以探究他的死因。◆There will inevitably be an inquest into the team's poor performance.对该队的差劲表现必然要进行检讨。■check [countable] (ratherinformal) an investigation to find out more information about sth调查；审查◆Was any check made on Mr Morris when he applied for the job?莫里斯先生申请这个职位时对他进行过调查吗？◆The police ran a check on the registration number of the car.警方对那辆车的牌照号码进行了调查。
report1
noun
commission a report on the health service委托撰写有关公共医疗服务的调查报告newspaper reports报纸的报道a progress/medical report进度／医疗报告unconfirmed reports of a shooting未经证实的枪击事件传言report ♦︎ study ♦︎ investigation ♦︎ review ♦︎ surveyThese are all words for an official document written by a person or group that has examined a particular situation or problem.这些词均表示调查报告。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a report / an investigation / a survey into sth◆a report / a study / an investigation / a review / a survey by sb◆a / an new / recent / important / major / comprehensive / wide-ranging / extensive report / study / investigation / review / survey◆the latest report / study / investigation / review / survey◆a / an government / official / public / independent report / study / investigation / review / survey◆to do a report / a study / an investigation / a review / a survey◆to undertake a study / an investigation / a review / a survey◆to order a report / a study / an investigation / a review◆to commission a report / study / review / survey◆to call for a report / an investigation / a review◆to publish / release / read a report / study / review / survey◆a report / study / investigation / review / survey finds / shows / reveals / suggests sth◆a report / study / review calls for / proposes / recommends sth■report [countable] an official document written by a group of people who have examined a particular situation or problem调查报告◆The committee will publish their report on the health service in a few weeks.委员会将在几周后发布有关公共医疗服务的调查报告。◆We will have to wait until they deliver their report before we can come to any conclusions.我们得等到他们提交报告后才能下结论。■study [countable] a piece of research that examines a subject or question in detail, especially in order to recommend what should be done（尤指为了提出建议的）专题研究，专项调查◆A recent study revealed an unacceptable level of air pollution in the city.最近的一项研究显示，这个城市的空气污染已经达到令人无法接受的地步。◆The company undertook an in-depth feasibility study(= a study into whether sth is possible and how it could be done) before adopting the new system.采用新系统前，这家公司进行了一次深入的可行性研究。◆A comparative study(= a study comparing two things) was carried out into the environmental costs of different energy sources.对不同能源的环境成本进行了一项比较研究。ⓘ A case study is a detailed study of the development of a person, group or situation over a period of time. * case study指个案研究，是对个人、群体或状况在一段时间内发展的详细研究。 see also study ⇨ researchnoun, study ⇨ examineverb■investigation [countable, uncountable] a formal or academic examination of a situation, especially in order to discover the facts（尤指为了解真相的）正式调查，学术研究◆The government has ordered an official investigation into the matter.政府已下令对此事展开正式调查。◆Closer investigation showed this idea to be untenable.更进一步的研究显示这种构想站不住脚。 see also investigate ⇨ investigate■review [countable] a report on a subject or series of events报告；汇报；述评；回顾◆The first chapter presents a critical review of the existing preschool education system.第一章对现行学前教育体系进行了批判性述评。ⓘ Review is often used to talk about a report that considers all the research and writing about a subject or events over a period of time, and gives an opinion about the current situation or state of knowledge. * review常指报告考虑了某段时期关于某课题或相关事件的所有研究和著作，并就目前情况或知识现状提出意见。 see also review ⇨ examineverb■survey /ˈsɜːveɪ; NAmEˈsɜːrveɪ/ [countable] a general study or description of sth总体研究；概述◆They are carrying out a survey of small businesses in London.他们在对伦敦的小型企业进行总体研究。 see also survey ⇨ examineverb