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make verb
⇨ make 1 (make your own clothes) ⇨ make 2 (make a profit) ⇨ make 3 (make a living) ⇨ make 4 (It made me think.) ⇨ get 4 (I didn't make the party last night) ⇨ cause (make a hole in sth) ⇨ cook (make a cake) ⇨ force (be made to work hard) ⇨ plan (make a law/will)make noun
⇨ brandmake1 verb make your own clothes 自己做衣服make a profit 获利make a living 谋生It made me think. 那件事促使我思考。cookmake a cakeforcebe made to work hard ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ develop 2 and ⇨ manufacture 另见develop条第2义和manufacture条make ♦︎ do ♦︎ create ♦︎ produce ♦︎ build ♦︎ generate ♦︎ formThese words all mean to make sth from parts or materials, or to cause sth to exist or happen. 这些词均表示制造、产生。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to make / create / produce / build / generate / form sth from / out of sth◆to make / form sth into sth◆to make / do / create / produce a drawing / painting◆to make / do / produce a sketch◆to make / create / produce a meal◆to make / produce wine◆Who made / created the universe / world?◆to create / produce / generate income / profits / wealth◆to produce / generate electricity / heat / power◆to make / create / produce a / an noise / impression◆to make / create a fuss / mess◆to create / build / form a picture of past societies■ make (made, made) [transitive] to create or prepare sth by combining materials or putting parts together; to cause sth to exist or happen 制造；做；组装；产生◆She makes her own clothes.她自己做衣服。◆Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是用葡萄做的。◆The grapes are made into wine.这些葡萄用来酿酒。◆What's your shirt made of?你的衬衣是什么料子的？◆She made us all coffee.她给我们大家冲了咖啡。◆He has made (= directed or acted in) several movies.他已经出了好几部电影。◆She tried to make a good impression on the interviewer.她努力给面试官留个好印象。 see also making ⇨ production ■ do (does, did, done) [transitive] (rather informal, especially spoken) to make or prepare sth, especially sth artistic or sth to eat 做，做出，创作（艺术品或食物）◆He did a beautiful drawing of a house.他画了一幅房屋的素描，很美。◆Who's doing the food for the party?谁负责操办宴会的饮食？◆Does this pub do (= provide) lunches?这家酒馆供应午餐吗？◆I'll do a copy for you.我将为你复制一份。◆I'll do you a copy.我将复制一份给你。■ create [transitive] to make sth exist or happen, especially sth new that did not exist before 创造；创作；创建◆Scientists disagree about how the universe was created.科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的意见不一。◆The government plans to create more jobs for young people.政府计划为年轻人创造更多的就业机会。◆Create a new directory and put all your files into it.创建一个新目录，然后把所有的文件都放进去。 see also creation ⇨ development , creative ⇨ creative , creator ⇨ designer NOTE 辨析 Make or create? Make is a more general word and is more often used to talk about physical things: you would usually make a table/dress/cake but create jobs/wealth. You can use create to talk about sth physical in order to emphasize how original or unusual the object is. * make含义更宽泛，多指制造物质性的东西，如make a table/dress/cake（制造桌子；做连衣裙；做蛋糕）；但创造就业机会或财富用create jobs/wealth。要强调某物品或实体是原创的或不同寻常，用create◆Try this new dish, created by our head chef.尝尝这道新菜吧，是我们主厨首创的。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ cause 另见cause条 ■ produce [transitive] to create sth using skill; to create power or money （运用技巧）制作，做出；创造（财富）；产生（电）◆She produced a delicious meal out of a few leftovers.她利用几样剩下的东西烹制出一顿美味饭菜。◆He argued that wealth is produced by the labour power of the workers.他论证财富是工人的劳动创造出来的。 see also produce ⇨ manufacture ■ build (built, built) [transitive] to create sth, especially a way of life or an impression that you develop and improve over a period of time 创建，建立（生活方式或印象）◆She's built a new career for herself.她为自己创出了一番新的事业。◆This information will help us build a picture of his attacker.这条信息将帮助我们描画出袭击他的人的相貌。■ generate [transitive] to produce or create sth, especially power, money or ideas 创造（财富）；产生（电或主意）◆The wind turbines are used to generate electricity.风力涡轮机用来发电。◆The lottery is expected to generate substantial funds for charity.发行彩票有望为慈善机构筹集大量资金。◆Brainstorming is a good way of generating ideas.集思广益是产生点子的好办法。■ form [transitive, often passive] to make sth from sth else; to make sth into sth else 制作；组成；制成◆Rearrange the letters to form a new word.重新排列字母，组成另一单词。◆Do you know how to form the past tense?你知道怎样构成过去时吗？◆The chain is formed from 136 links.这根链条由136个链节组成。 see also form ⇨ shape verb make2 verb make your own clothes 自己做衣服make a profit 获利make a living 谋生It made me think. 那件事促使我思考。cookmake a cakeforcebe made to work hardmake ♦︎ raise ♦︎ get ♦︎ fetch ♦︎ bring (sb) in sth ♦︎ realizeThese words all mean to gain an amount of money, especially by selling sth. 这些词均表示获得钱财，尤指通过卖东西获得。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to make / raise / bring in money◆to make / raise / get / fetch / bring in / realize $199 / £300 000◆to make / realize £1 000 / $50 000 on a deal■ make (made, made) [transitive] to gain an amount of money by selling sth （卖某物）挣得，获得◆She sold her foreign investments last month and made $75 000.她上个月出售了境外的投资，赚了75 000元。◆We need to think of new ways to make money from our existing products.我们得另辟蹊径，从现有产品上赚钱。◆The company is making a loss on its children's range.公司的儿童系列产品在赔钱。■ raise [transitive] to collect money for sth, by selling sth, borrowing money or asking people to give it 筹集；募集◆The sale raised over £3 000 for charity.拍卖募集了超过3 000英镑善款。◆The hospital is trying to raise funds for a new kidney machine.医院正设法筹钱购买一台新的血液透析器。◆He needed to raise a loan in order to set up in business.他需要筹得一笔贷款做生意。■ get [transitive] (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) [no passive] (rather informal) to gain an amount of money by selling sth （卖某物）挣得，获得◆We got £220 000 for the house.我们的房子卖了22万英镑。■ fetch [transitive] to be sold for a particular amount of money 售得；以⋯价格卖出◆The painting is expected to fetch £10 000 at auction.这幅画的拍卖价可望达1万英镑。■ ˌbring in ˈsth■ ˌbring sb ˈin sth phrasal verb (brought, brought)to gain an amount of money by selling sth （卖某物）挣得，获得◆The garage sale brought in a lot more than we expected.旧物出售所得比我们预计的多很多。◆Selling off the business would bring us in about £200 000.出售这项业务我们会赚约20万英镑。NOTE 辨析 Make, get or bring in sth?You can make money, a particular amount of money, or a profit or loss. You can bring in money or a particular amount of money. You can only get a particular amount of money. * make可指赚钱、挣得特定数量的钱、获利或赔钱。bring in可指赚钱或挣得特定数量的钱。get只表示挣得特定数量的钱◆The garage sale got a lot more than we expected. ◆The company is getting/bringing in a loss. ■ realize (BrE also realise) [transitive] (formal) to be sold for a particular amount of money 售得；以⋯价格卖出◆The paintings realized $2 million at auction.这些画在拍卖会上卖出了200万元。 make3 verb make your own clothes 自己做衣服make a profit 获利make a living 谋生It made me think. 那件事促使我思考。cookmake a cakeforcebe made to work hardmake ♦︎ earn ♦︎ profit ♦︎ net ♦︎ bring (sb) in sth ♦︎ gross ♦︎ pocket ♦︎ pull sth in ♦︎ rake sth inThese words all mean to get money, especially by working or doing business. 这些词均表示挣钱、获利，尤指通过工作或做生意获得。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to make / earn / net / bring in / gross / pocket / pull in / rake in $100 000 a year◆to make / earn money / a living / a fortune■ make (made, made) [transitive] to get money as payment for work that you do, or as interest or profit on money that you lend or invest 挣（钱）；生（利）；获（利）◆He makes a living as a stand-up comic.他靠说单口相声为生。◆She made a fortune on the stock market.她炒股发了财。◆A movie with big name stars in it should make money.有大牌明星出演的电影应该会赚钱。◆Did they make any money out of their invention?他们的发明给自己带来什么收益了吗？■ earn [transitive, intransitive] to get money as payment for work that you do, or as interest or profit on money that you lend or invest 挣钱；生（利）；获（利）◆She earns about £25 000 a year.她一年大约挣25 000英镑。◆His victory in the tournament earned him $50 000.他在锦标赛中获胜，得到了5万元。◆Your money would earn more in a high-interest account.你的钱存在高利息账户里回报会更多。◆He was willing to earn his keep (= do useful things in return for being allowed to live somewhere).他愿意干活来换取栖身之所。◆All her children are earning now (= working for their living).她所有的子女现在都自己挣钱了。 see also earnings ⇨ income NOTE 辨析 Make or earn?You can make or earn money, a living or a fortune. Earn emphasizes the work you have to do to get the money. If the money comes as interest or profit, and the subject is a person use make. * make和earn均可指挣钱、谋生或发财。earn强调为挣到钱必须要工作。如果主语是人，收益是利息或利润，用make◆She earned a fortune on the stock market. If the subject is a business or factory, use either word. 如果主语是公司或工厂，用make或earn均可◆The plant will make / earn £950 million for the UK.这家工厂将为英国赚进9.5亿英镑。If the subject is the money itself use earn. 如果主语就是钱，用earn◆Your money would make more in a high-interest account. ■ profit [intransitive] (rather formal) to make money from an activity （从活动中）获利◆The private sector will profit by selling the surplus electricity abroad.私营企业将把富余的电销往国外，从中获利。◆Convicted criminals should not be allowed to profit from their crimes.已定罪的犯人不得自犯罪活动中获益。 see also profit ⇨ profit noun , profit ⇨ benefit verb ■ net (-tt-) [transitive] to make an amount of money as profit after you have paid tax on it （税后）净赚，净得◆The sale of paintings netted £17 000.售卖这些画净得17 000英镑。■ ˌbring sb ˈin sth■ ˌbring ˈin sth phrasal verb (brought, brought)to earn or produce money 赚得；挣到◆His freelance work brings him in about £20 000 a year.他做自由职业每年可赚约2万英镑。◆New taxes are expected to bring in $12 billion in extra revenue.新税种预计将带来120亿元的额外收入。■ gross /grəʊs; NAmE groʊs/ [transitive] to make an amount of money as profit before you have paid tax on it （税前）总收入为，总共赚得◆The tour grossed a massive £20 million at the box office.巡回演出的总票房收入达2 000万英镑之巨。■ pocket [transitive] (rather informal, sometimes disapproving) to earn or win an amount of money 挣到；赚得◆Last year, she pocketed over $1 million in advertising contracts.去年，她从广告合同中赚了100多万元。 see also pocket ⇨ fund noun , bank ⇨ save 3 ■ ˌpull sth ˈin phrasal verb (informal) to earn or make a lot of money 赚（一大笔钱）◆She must be pulling in over $100 000 a year.她一年一定赚了超过10万元。■ ˌrake sth ˈin phrasal verb (informal, often disapproving) to earn or make a lot of money, especially when this is done easily （尤指轻易地）赚（一大笔钱）◆The movie raked in more than $300 million.这部电影轻轻松松赚了3亿多元。◆She's been raking it in since she started her new job.她自打开始新的工作以来，一直财源滚滚。 make4 verb make your own clothes 自己做衣服make a profit 获利make a living 谋生It made me think. 那件事促使我思考。cookmake a cakeforcebe made to work hardmake ♦︎ lead ♦︎ prompt ♦︎ motivate ♦︎ induce ♦︎ predisposeThese words all refer to sth being the reason why sb does or thinks sth. 这些词均表示致使某人做某事或有某种想法、引导某人。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to lead / predispose sb to sth◆to lead / prompt / motivate / induce / predispose sb to do sth◆to make sb do sth■ make (made, made) [transitive] (always followed by infinitive without to 总是后接不带to的不定式) to cause sb to think sth or decide to do sth 促使；使得◆Nothing will make me change my mind.我心意已决。◆What makes you say that (= why do you think so)?你为什么这么说？◆What he said certainly made us all think.他说的话无疑促使我们大家思考。◆Politeness made her go back to see him.出于礼貌，她回去看望了他。■ lead / /liːd/ / (led, led) [transitive] to be the reason why sb does or thinks sth, especially as part of a process of understanding sth 使得出（观点）；引导◆What led you to this conclusion?你是如何得出这个结论的？◆What we found leads us to suspect that more people may be involved.我们发现的情况使我们怀疑也许有更多的人卷入其中。◆The situation is far worse than we had been led to believe.情况比我们听信的要糟糕得多。■ prompt [transitive](especially of an event or experience) to be the reason why sb decides to do sth （尤指事件或经历）促使，导致◆What prompted you to choose this area?是什么让你选择了这个领域？◆I understand your views and the reasons which prompted you to write.我理解你的观点和促使你写信的原因。■ motivate /ˈməʊtɪveɪt; NAmE ˈmoʊtɪveɪt/ [transitive, often passive] to be the reason why sb decides to do sth or behave in a particular way 成为⋯的动机；是⋯的原因◆He is motivated entirely by self-interest.他做事完全出于私利。◆What motivates people to carry out such attacks?是什么原因致使人们进行这样的攻击？ see also motivation ⇨ incentive ■ induce /ɪnˈdjuːs; NAmE ɪnduːs/ [transitive] (always followed by to + infinitive; used especially in negative statements 总是后接带to的不定式，尤用于否定陈述) (formal) to persuade or influence sb to do sth 劝说；诱使◆Nothing would induce me to take the job.没有什么能诱使我接受那份工作。◆No amount of persuasion could induce her to stay longer.怎么劝她也不愿多待一会儿。 see also inducement ⇨ incentive ■ predispose /ˌpriːdɪˈspəʊz; NAmE ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊz/ [transitive] (formal) (especially of sb's character, opinions, mood or experience) to influence sb so that they are likely to think or behave in a particular way （尤指某人的性格、观点、情绪或经历）使倾向于，使受影响◆One theory is that some people are predisposed to criminal behaviour because of their genetic make-up.有一种理论认为，某些人由于基因构成的原因容易犯罪。◆Certain experiences can predispose a child towards a feeling of helplessness.某些经历易使儿童产生无助感。 get4 verb get tickets/a job/some sleep 弄到票；找到工作；睡会儿觉get a letter/shock 收到信；大吃一惊Go and get help. 去找人帮忙。We got there at 9. 我们9点钟到了那里。get the bus 搭公车 ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ arrive and ⇨ attend 另见arrive条和attend条get ♦︎ reach ♦︎ make ♦︎ make it ♦︎ hit ♦︎ catch upThese words all mean to arrive at a particular place after travelling there. 这些词均表示到达某处。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to get / make it to a place◆to get / reach / make it here / home / there◆to get to / reach / make it to your destination◆to get to / reach / make / make it to the summit◆to get to / reach / make it to / hit the border■ get (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (especially spoken) to arrive at a particular place after travelling 抵达；到达◆We're aiming to get to the party at about nine.我们想要在9点左右去到聚会地点。◆I got back an hour ago.我一个钟头前回来的。◆They got in very late last night.他们昨夜回来得很晚。◆We only got as far as the next town.我们最远只去到了下一个城镇。 see also get ⇨ go 1 ■ reach [transitive] (especially written) to arrive at the place you have been travelling to; to come to sb's attention 到达；抵达；引起⋯注意◆It took them three hours to reach the opposite shore.他们花了三个小时到达了对岸。◆The beach can only be reached by boat.只能乘船才能到那片海滩。◆I hope this letter reaches you.我希望你能收到这封信。◆The rumours eventually reached the President.传闻最终引起了总统的注意。NOTE 辨析 Get or reach?The main difference between these words is register. Reach is used especially in written English; get is the usual word in spoken English. Get takes no object, but always takes an adverb or adverbial phrase, often one that is not specific, when the listener is expected to understand the place that is meant by there, in or back. Reach always takes an object and is usually more specific about the place that is arrived at. 这两个词的主要区别在于语体风格不同。reach尤用于书面语，get常用于口语。get不带宾语，但总是带副词或副词短语，常不指明具体地点，而用there、in或back表明听者应知道所说的地方是哪里。reach总带宾语，一般较具体地指明到达何处。■ make (made, made) [transitive, no passive] (rather informal) to succeed in arriving at a particular event, place or position 出席（某项活动）；到达（某处）；达到（某职位）◆I'm sorry I didn't make the party last night.抱歉昨晚没能参加聚会。◆He'll never make (= get a place in) the team.他永远成不了这支队伍的一员。◆The story made (= appeared on) the front pages of the national newspapers.这件事登上了全国性报纸的头版。■ ˈmake it idiom (rather informal) to succeed in arriving at an event or place, or arriving there in time, especially when this is difficult 赶得及出席（某项活动）；（尤指艰难地按时）到达（某处）◆I don't think I'll be able to make it to the meeting.我想我没办法出席会议了。◆Even if we take a taxi I don't think we'll make it in time.即使打车，我想我们也赶不上了。◆The flight leaves in twenty minutes－we'll never make it.再过二十分钟飞机就起飞了，我们无论如何也赶不上了。■ hit (hitting, hit, hit) [transitive] (informal) to arrive at a place or road 到达（某地或某条路）◆Traffic was heavy when they hit the main road.他们去到主干道时交通很拥堵。◆The president hits town (= is visiting the town) tomorrow.总统明天会到镇上来。■ ˌcatch ˈup (BrE also ˌcatch sb ˈup) (caught, caught)to join sb who is ahead of you by going faster 赶上，追上（某人）◆We stopped for a few minutes to let the others catch up.我们停下几分钟，让其他人赶上来。◆On lap 45 Hunt's car was catching up fast.在第45圈时亨特的车迅速赶了上来。◆You go on ahead. I'll catch up with you.你先走，我会赶上你。◆ (BrE) She hurried to catch him up.她急匆匆追上他。 cause verb ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ encourage 3, ⇨ prompt and ⇨ stimulate 另见encourage条第3义、prompt条和stimulate条cause ♦︎ result in sth ♦︎ lead (sth) to sth ♦︎ produce ♦︎ bring sth about ♦︎ give rise to sth ♦︎ create ♦︎ make ♦︎ induceThese words all mean to make sth happen. 这些词均表示使发生、导致。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to cause / result in / lead to / produce / bring about / give rise to a / an change / shift / increase◆to cause / result in / lead to / produce / bring about a reduction in sth◆to cause / result in / lead to / produce / give rise to / create problems / difficulties◆to cause / result in / lead to / produce damage / friction◆to cause / result in / lead to / bring about the collapse / destruction / demise of sth◆to cause / lead to / produce / give rise to / create speculation / uncertainty◆to cause / lead to / give rise to / create discontent / dissatisfaction / resentment◆to result in / lead to / produce improvements / success◆to inevitably cause / result in / lead to / produce / bring about / give rise to / create sth■ cause [transitive] to make sth happen, especially sth bad or unpleasant 使（坏事）发生；造成；导致◆Do they know what caused the fire?他们知道火灾的起因吗？◆Are you causing trouble again?你又要惹麻烦吗？◆Doctors say her condition is causing some concern.医生说她的健康状况开始令人担忧。◆The project is still causing him a lot of problems.这个项目仍然给他带来许多麻烦。◆The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply.收成不好导致物价急剧上涨。 see also cause ⇨ source noun ■ reˈsult in sth phrasal verb to cause a particular situation, especially the loss or increase of sth; to have sth as a result 造成，导致（某事物的损失或增加）；是⋯的成因◆Closure of the plant could result in the loss of thousands of jobs .工厂关闭可能导致数千份工作流失。◆In 1965 their work resulted in a Nobel Prize.1965年，他们的工作成果获得了诺贝尔奖。◆These policies resulted in many elderly and disabled people suffering hardship.这些政策使许多老人和残疾人饱受困苦。 see also result ⇨ result noun , resulting , resultant ⇨ related ■ lead to sth■ lead sth to sth phrasal verb (led, led)to be the reason why sth happens; to have sth as a result 导致；是⋯的成因◆The scandal ultimately led to his resignation.该丑闻最终导致他辞职了。◆A reward was offered for information leading to an arrest.提供线索使嫌犯被捕的人可获得赏金。◆These policies could lead the country to environmental catastrophe.这些政策可能会使国家陷入环境的灾难。ⓘ Lead to sth is often used as part of a process of explaining or understanding sth. * lead to sth常在解释或理解某事的过程中使用。■ produce [transitive] to cause a particular result or reaction 引起；导致；使产生◆A phone call to the manager produced the result she wanted.给经理打了一个电话就让她如愿以偿。◆The prime minister's speech produced an angry response from opposition parties.首相的讲话激起了反对党派的愤怒反应。◆The drug produces a feeling of great happiness and excitement.那种毒品会使人产生狂喜和兴奋的感觉。■ ˌbring sth aˈbout phrasal verb (brought, brought)to make sth happen, especially to cause sth to change over a period of time or in a number of stages 造成，引起，导致（尤指渐进的或阶段性的变化）◆What brought about the change in his attitude?是什么使他改变了态度？◆It was this scandal that finally brought about her downfall.正是这桩丑闻最终导致她垮台。■ give ˈrise to sth idiom (gave, given) (formal) to make or allow sth to happen or come into existence 使发生；使形成◆The novel's success gave rise to a number of sequels.这部小说的成功带来了一系列的续篇。◆The ocean gave rise to the first life on Earth.海洋孕育了地球上最早的生命。■ create [transitive] to produce a particular feeling or impression 造成，引起，产生（感觉或印象）◆The company is trying to create a young energetic image.该公司正试图塑造一个充满活力的年轻形象。◆The announcement only succeeded in creating confusion.那个通告反而引起了混乱。■ make [transitive] (made, made)to cause sth to appear as a result of breaking, tearing, hitting or removing material 造成（破坏、破损等）◆The rock made a dent in the roof of the car.石头把车顶砸了个坑。◆The holes in the cloth were made by moths.布上的窟窿是虫蛀的。■ induce /ɪnˈdjuːs; NAmE ɪnˈduːs/ [transitive] (formal) to cause sth or make sth more likely to happen 引起；导致；促进◆A glass of warm milk at bedtime may help to induce sleep.睡前喝一杯热牛奶有助于促进睡眠。◆Doctors will begin bringing him out of a drug-induced coma on Sunday.医生会在周日开始让他脱离药物引起的昏迷状态。ⓘ Induce is often used to talk about the effects that sth such as medicine, disease or injury has on the body. * induce常指药物、疾病或受伤等引发对身体的影响◆Hearing loss is often induced by exposure to loud noise.遭受高噪音常会导致听力受损。 cook verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ bake 另见bake条cook ♦︎ make ♦︎ prepare ♦︎ get ♦︎ brew ♦︎ fixThese words all mean to make food or drink ready to be eaten. 这些词均表示烹调饭菜或制作饮品。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to make / prepare / brew sth from sth◆to cook / make / get / fix sth for sb◆to cook / make / get / fix sb / yourself sth◆to cook / make / prepare / fix a meal◆to cook / make / prepare / get / fix breakfast / lunch / dinner◆to cook / make / prepare a dish◆to make / prepare / fix a sandwich◆to make / prepare a salad◆to make / brew tea / coffee / beer◆to make / get / fix (sb / yourself) something to eat / drink■ cook [transitive, intransitive] to make food ready to be eaten by heating it, for example by boiling, baking or frying it; (of food) to be made ready to be eaten in this way 烹饪；烹调；（食物）被烹制◆What's the best way to cook trout?鳟鱼怎么做最好吃？◆Add the onion and cook for three minutes.加入洋葱烹制三分钟。◆Where did you learn to cook?你在哪里学的烹饪？◆While the pasta is cooking, prepare the sauce.趁意大利面在煮的时候准备酱汁。■ make (made, made) [transitive] to create a meal or sth to eat or drink by combining and/or cooking different things 做（饭）；制作（食物或饮料）◆How do you make that dish with the peppers and olives in it?那道有胡椒和橄榄的菜你是怎么做的？◆She made coffee for us all.她给我们大家冲了咖啡。◆She made us all coffee.她给我们大家冲了咖啡。■ prepare [transitive] (especially written) to make food ready to be eaten; to make a medicine by mixing different things 预备（饭菜）；做（饭）；调制，配制（药品）◆The women were busy preparing the wedding feast.女人在忙着准备婚宴。◆The remedies are all prepared from wild flowers.这些药物都是用野花提取成分配制的。■ get [transitive] (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) (spoken) to prepare a meal; to provide food or drink for sb 准备，做（一顿饭）；为⋯提供食物（或饮料）◆Can I get you anything to eat or drink?我给你弄点吃的喝的好吗？◆You sit down and relax. I'll get supper.你坐着放松一下，我来做晚饭。■ brew [transitive] to make beer; to make a hot drink of tea or coffee 酿制（啤酒）；沏（茶）；煮（咖啡）◆The beer is brewed in the Czech Republic.这种啤酒在捷克共和国酿造。◆I love the smell of freshly brewed coffee.我喜欢新煮咖啡的味道。■ fix (especially NAmE, spoken) to provide or prepare sth, especially food or drink 提供，准备（尤指食物或饮料）◆Go right on through. I'm just fixing the drinks.直接过来吧。我正在准备饮料。◆I'm just going to fix myself some breakfast.我正要给自己弄点儿早餐。 force verb force ♦︎ make ♦︎ oblige ♦︎ compel ♦︎ drive ♦︎ impelThese words all mean to put sb in a situation where they have to do sth, especially sth that they do not want to do. 这些词均表示迫使、强迫。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to drive / impel sb to sth◆to force sb / be made / be obliged / compel sb / drive sb / impel sb to do sth◆to feel obliged / compelled / impelled to do sth■ force [transitive, often passive] to put sb in a situation in which they have to do sth that they do not want to do 迫使；强迫◆Ill health forced him into early retirement.他由于健康欠佳不得不提前退休。◆I was forced to take a taxi because the last bus had left.最后一班公共汽车已经开走，我只好打车。◆She forced herself to be polite to them.她对他们强装客气。◆Public pressure managed to force a change in the government's position.公众的压力迫使政府改变了立场。◆He didn't force me－ I wanted to go.他没有逼我，是我自己想去的。 see also force ⇨ pressure noun 2 ■ make (made, made) [transitive] to put sb in a situation in which they have to do sth whether they want to or not 迫使；强迫◆They made me repeat the whole story.他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍。◆His snoring was so bad, she made him sleep on the sofa downstairs.他鼾声如雷，她只好让他睡在楼下的沙发上。◆We were made to work very hard.我们被迫卖力工作。NOTE 辨析 Force or make? Make is slightly more informal and is used especially in conversation. It is usually a person who makes sb else do sth, especially by ordering or telling them in a firm way. 跟force相比，make略微非正式，尤用于交谈中。make表达此义时主语通常是人，尤指命令或坚决地吩咐他人去做某事◆Mum makes us eat lots of vegetables.妈妈要求我们吃很多蔬菜。 Force often suggests strong persuasion or threats from sb, or describes a situation in which there is no choice about what to do. * force 常意味着某人措辞强硬地劝说或威胁，或描述某种别无选择的情况◆The hijackers forced the passengers to lie on the ground.劫机者强迫乘客躺在地上。◆The plane was forced to make an emergency landing because of bad weather.飞机因恶劣天气被迫紧急着陆。In the passive both verbs are followed by the infinitive with to 这两个动词用于被动语态时后面均接带 to 的不定式◆to be forced / made to do sthbut note the difference between the two verbs in the active. 但要注意用于主动语态时二者的区别◆to force sb to do sth◆to make sb do sth ■ oblige / /əˈblaɪdʒ/ / [transitive, usually passive] (always followed by to + infinitive 总是后接带to的不定式) (rather formal) to force sb to do sth, for example by law or because it is a duty （以法律或义务）迫使，强迫◆Parents are obliged by law to send their children to school.法律规定父母必须送子女上学。◆Suppliers aren't legally obliged to provide a warranty.法律上没有规定供应商必须提供商品保修。ⓘ Oblige is used especially in official contexts to describe sth that sb is required to do by law or because it is their responsibility. * oblige尤用于正式语境，指法律规定或以职责、义务要求某人做某事◆The landlord is obliged to give tenants 24 hours' notice of a visit.房东来访必须提前24小时通知房客。It can also be used to describe a moral or social obligation, but in this context it is formal. * oblige亦指以道德或社会义务（obligation）要求某人做某事，但这一用法很正式◆We felt obliged to sit with them.我们觉得应该同他们坐在一起。 see also obligation ⇨ responsibility ■ compel / /kəmˈpel/ / (-ll-) [transitive] (formal) to use your authority to force sb to do sth; to make sth necessary （利用威权）强迫，迫使；使必须◆The law can compel fathers to make regular payments for their children.这项法律可强制父亲定期支付子女费用。◆Last year ill health compelled his retirement.去年他因健康欠佳被迫退休了。 see also compulsion ⇨ pressure noun 2 ■ drive (drove, driven) [transitive] to force sb to act in a particular way, often an extreme way 迫使，驱使（某人做出极端的事）◆The urge to survive drove them on.求生的欲望驱使他们继续下去。◆It's the story of a teenager driven to despair by the hypocrisy of the adult world.这个故事讲的是成人世界的虚伪如何将一名少年逼入绝境。■ impel / /ɪmˈpel/ / (-ll-) [transitive, often passive] (formal) to be forced to do sth by a feeling or idea, especially one that seems to be beyond your control （尤指无法控制的感情或想法）驱使，促使◆He felt impelled to investigate further.他觉得有必要作进一步调查。◆There are various reasons that impel me to that conclusion.有各种原因促使我得出那个结论。 plan verb plan ♦︎ make ♦︎ design ♦︎ formulateThese words all mean to prepare sth or make a design for sth. 这些词均表示计划、设计。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to plan / make / design / formulate sth to do sth◆to plan / design / formulate a strategy◆to make / formulate a plan / hypothesis■ plan (-nn-) [transitive] to make a design or outline for a thing, piece of writing or plan of action 设计；组织；策划；安排◆This is the place to visit if you are planning a new garden.如果要设计一个新公园，这个地方一定得观摩观摩。◆You should always plan your essay before you start writing it.写文章一定要在动笔之前先构思。◆A well planned advertising campaign is necessary to bring in visitors.必须有精心策划的广告宣传才能吸引顾客上门。■ make (made, made) [transitive] to write, create or prepare sth such as a law, plan or system 写，创建，制订（法律、规划或体制）◆These regulations were made to protect children.这些规则是为了保护儿童而制订的。◆My lawyer has been urging me to make a will.我的律师一直催促我立遗嘱。■ design [transitive] to think of and plan a system or way of doing sth 计划；筹划；制订◆We need to design a new programme for the third year.我们需要为三年级学生制订新的课程。◆It is easy enough to design systems that work well when everything is going well.制订出顺境中运转良好的制度并不难。■ formulate /ˈfɔːmjuleɪt; NAmE ˈfɔːrmuleɪt/ [transitive] (rather formal) to create or prepare sth carefully, giving particular attention to the details （精心）制订，规划，构思，准备◆to formulate a policy / theory / plan / proposal制订政策；创建理论；构思计划；准备建议◆His ideas are always very carefully formulated.他的想法总是经过深思熟虑。◆The compost is specially formulated for pot plants.此混合肥料专门用于盆栽植物。 brand noun brand ♦︎ model ♦︎ make ♦︎ labelThese are all words for a type of product made by a particular company, or a company that makes a particular type of product. 这些词均表示品牌。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a brand / model / make of car◆a popular / leading / major / famous / well-known brand / model / make / label■ brand [countable] a type of product made by a particular company, especially a food or drink product that you might buy in a supermarket （尤指可以在超市买到的食物或饮料的）品牌◆Which brand of toothpaste do you use?你用什么牌子的牙膏？◆ (BrE) You pay less for the supermarket's own brand.超市自有品牌的东西比较便宜。◆ (NAmE) You pay less for the store brand.商店自有品牌的东西比较便宜。◆Our main aim is to encourage brand loyalty (= the tendency of customers to continue buying the same brand).我们的主要目标是鼓励顾客继续购买这品牌的产品。◆Champagne houses owe their success to brand image.香槟公司的成功在于其品牌形象。■ model [countable] a particular design or type of product, especially a vehicle or machine, that is made by a particular company （尤指某公司生产的车辆或机器的）型号，款式◆The latest models will be on display at the motor show.最新的车型将会在汽车展上展出。■ make [countable] the name of the company that makes a particular product, especially a vehicle or machine （尤指车辆或机器的）品牌◆What make of car does he drive?他开的是什么品牌的车？NOTE 辨析 Model or make?All cars made by one company are the same make. For each make there will be a range of different models (= designs). 一家公司制造的所有汽车属于同一品牌(make)，每个品牌都会有一系列不同的型号(model)◆We need to know the make, model and year of your car.我们需要知道你的汽车的品牌、型号和出厂年份。 ■ label [countable] a company that produces and sells CDs 唱片公司◆the Virgin record label维京唱片公司◆It's his first release for a major label.这是他在大唱片公司发行的第一张唱片。 |