| 例句 |
crush noun
⇨ crowd (a big crush in the bar) ⇨ love 1 (a schoolgirl crush) ⇨ have a crush on sb ⇨ attracted to sbcrush verb
⇨ discourage 2 (feel crushed) ⇨ suppress 1 (crush a rebellion) crowd noun crowd ♦︎ mob ♦︎ horde ♦︎ throng ♦︎ drove ♦︎ crush ♦︎ rabbleThese are all words for a lot of people together. 这些词均表示人群。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a crowd / hordes / a throng / droves / a crush of people◆a crowd / mob / horde / rabble of youths◆a crowd / throng of journalists / photographers◆people do sth in hordes / droves◆a / an angry / unruly / hostile crowd / mob◆a disorderly crowd / rabble◆to push / fight / force your way through the crowd / mob / hordes / throng / crush◆to break up / disperse a crowd / mob◆to join the crowd / throng◆a crowd / mob / throng gathers■ crowd [countable + singular or plural verb] a large number of people gathered together in a public place, for example in the streets or at a sports game 人群；观众◆A small crowd had gathered outside the church.一小群人已经聚集在教堂外面了。◆Crowds of people poured into the street.人群涌上街头。◆I want to get there early to avoid the crowds.我想早点赶到那里，避开人潮。◆The game attracted a capacity crowd of 80 000.这场比赛爆满，吸引了8万名观众。◆Nearly 300 marshals will be involved in crowd control.将近300名法警将参与人群控制工作。◆A whole crowd of us (= a lot of us) are going to the ball.我们一大帮人要去参加舞会。■ mob [countable + singular or plural verb] (often disapproving) a large crowd of people, especially one that may become violent or cause trouble 人群；（尤指）暴民◆An angry mob of demonstrators came charging around the corner.一群愤怒的示威者从街角冲过来。◆mob rule (= a situation in which a mob has control, rather than people in authority) 暴民统治◆a lynch mob (= a group of people who capture and kill sb illegally because they consider them guilty of a crime) 施用私刑的暴民■ horde /hɔːd; NAmE hɔːrd/ [countable] (sometimes disapproving) a large crowd of people 一大群人◆There are always hordes of tourists here in the summer.夏天这里总有成群结队的游客。◆Football fans turned up in hordes.来了大批大批的足球迷。■ throng [countable] (written) a crowd of people 聚集的人群；一大群人◆We pushed our way through the throng.我们挤过人群。◆He was met by a throng of journalists and photographers.他遇上了一群记者和摄影师。NOTE 辨析 Crowd or throng? Crowd is a much more frequent and general word than throng. Throng is used especially in descriptive writing to suggest lots of people crowding together in a busy or excited way. A throng attracts people who want to join in or find out what is going on. You might want to avoid/get away from the crowds but you would not usually 'avoid/get away from the throng'. At a sports game you talk about the crowd, not the throng. * crowd远较throng常用、宽泛。throng尤用于描写性文字中，有热闹忙乱之意，会使人想加入进来或一睹究竟。可以说avoid/get away from the crowds，但一般不说avoid/get away from the throng。指观看体育比赛的观众用crowd，不用throng。■ drove /drəʊv; NAmE droʊv/ [countable, usually plural] a large number of people or animals, often moving or doing sth as a group （移动的）人群，畜群◆People are leaving the countryside in droves to look for work in the cities.一批一批的人离开农村到城里找工作。■ crush [countable, usually singular] (sometimes disapproving) a crowd of people pressed close together in a small space （狭小空间中）拥挤的人群◆There's always a big crush in the bar during the interval.幕间休息时酒吧里总是人群拥挤。■ rabble [singular, plural] (disapproving) a large group of noisy people who are or may become violent 乌合之众；聚众的暴民◆As he arrived he was met by a rabble of noisy youths.他到达时碰到了一群喧闹的年轻人。 love1 noun fall madly in love with sb 疯狂地爱上某人a mother's love for her children 母亲对孩子的爱love ♦︎ desire ♦︎ passion ♦︎ romance ♦︎ lust ♦︎ attraction ♦︎ crush ♦︎ infatuationThese are all words for a strong feeling of liking sb in a romantic or sexual way. 这些词均表示爱情、情欲。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆love / desire / passion / lust / attraction / infatuation for sb◆love / passion / romance / attraction between A and B◆to kiss sb, look at sb, etc. with love / desire / passion◆sexual / physical / mutual love / desire / passion / lust / attraction◆great love / desire / passion / romance◆overwhelming love / desire / passion / attraction◆to be consumed with desire / passion / lust◆to find love / romance◆love / desire / passion / attraction grows◆love / desire / passion dies■ love [uncountable] a strong feeling of caring about sb and being sexually attracted to them 爱情；恋爱◆We're in love!我们相爱了！◆She was madly / deeply in love with him.她和他疯狂地／深深地相爱了。◆They fell in love with each other.他们彼此相爱了。◆It was love at first sight (= they were attracted to each other the first time they met).那是一见钟情。◆At last she had found true love.最终她找到了真爱。◆a love song / story爱情歌曲／故事 see also in love ⇨ in love ■ desire [countable, uncountable] a strong wish to have sex with sb 情欲；肉欲；性欲◆She felt a surge of love and desire for him.她对他骤生爱意和欲望。◆He felt he was nothing more to her than an object of desire.他觉得对她来说自己不过是个性欲对象而已。■ passion [uncountable] a very strong feeling of sexual love （尤指两性间）强烈的爱◆His passion for her made him blind to everything else.他钟情于她，到了不顾一切的地步。◆They kissed with passion.他们狂热地亲吻。▸ passionate adjective ◆passionate love / feelings狂热的爱；热切的感情◆a passionate kiss / embrace / affair / lover狂热的吻／拥抱／私情／情侣NOTE 辨析 Love, desire or passion? Love is a very general word and can be used in any context. It can sometimes refer to sex. * love含义很宽泛，可用于任何语境，有时可指性行为◆physical / sexual love性爱◆to make love (= to have sex) 做爱But it is more often to do with feelings and the way these make you behave. 但它更多指爱的情感和爱的表达◆romantic love浪漫爱情 Desire and passion are stronger words, and are much more to do with physical love and sex. * desire和passion语气较强，且更多指性爱与性行为◆to burn with / be filled with desire / passion欲火攻心Both desire and passion can mean the feeling of wanting to have sex, but only passion can refer to the act of having sex. * desire和passion都可表示性欲，但只有passion可指性行为◆a night of passion激情之夜 ■ romance [uncountable] the feeling of being in love and the kind of behaviour that goes with this feeling 恋爱；爱情◆How can you put the romance back into your marriage?怎样才能使你的婚姻再次充满浪漫爱意呢？◆People find romance in strange places.人们往往能在陌生的地方找到爱情。 see also romance ⇨ relationship 2 ▸ romantic adjective ◆a romantic candlelit dinner浪漫的烛光晚餐◆romantic stories / fiction / comedy爱情故事／小说／喜剧■ lust [uncountable] (often disapproving) very strong sexual desire, especially when love is not involved （尤指无爱的）强烈性欲；色欲；淫欲◆Their affair was driven by pure lust.他们私通纯粹是受淫欲的驱使。■ attraction [uncountable, singular] a feeling of liking sb, especially in a sexual way （尤指两性间的）爱慕，吸引◆Sexual attraction is a large part of falling in love.坠入爱河多半是出于性吸引。◆She felt an immediate attraction for him.她对他顿生爱慕之情。 see also be attracted to sb ⇨ attracted to sb ■ crush [countable] a strong feeling of love, that usually does not last very long （短暂的）热恋，迷恋◆It's only a schoolgirl crush, it'll pass.这不过是女学生的一时迷恋而已，会过去的。◆I had a huge crush on her when I was younger.我年轻时对她爱慕至极。ⓘ A crush is usually a feeling that a young person has, often for sb older or for sb that they know they cannot have a relationship with. * crush通常指年轻人对年长者的爱慕之情，或是明知爱慕的对象是可望而不可即的。 see also have a crush on sb ⇨ attracted to sb ■ infatuation / /ɪnˌfætʃuˈeɪʃn/ / [countable, uncountable] a strong feeling of love or attraction for sb, especially when this is unreasonable or does not last long （尤指不理性的或短暂的）热恋，痴迷◆It isn't love, it's just a passing infatuation.那不是爱情，只不过是一时的痴迷。◆My infatuation with her continued to grow.我对她的爱恋与日俱增。ⓘ You can also talk about infatuation with an activity or a thing. * infatuation也可指对某种活动或事情的痴迷◆the current infatuation with popular culture时下对流行文化的痴迷 see also infatuated ⇨ in love be attracted to sb phrase be attracted to sb ♦︎ want ♦︎ fancy ♦︎ have a crush on sb ♦︎ go for sb ♦︎ be into sbThese words and phrases all mean to find sb attractive, so that you want to have a sexual or romantic relationship with them. 这些词语均表示喜欢、爱慕、迷恋某人。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to want / fancy sb a lot / very much◆to really want / fancy / to be really into sb◆A and B are attracted to / want / fancy each other■ be atˈtracted to sb phrase (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to like sb in a romantic or sexual way （情爱或性方面）喜欢，爱慕◆It was obvious that they were physically attracted to each other.显而易见，他们俩都被对方的外貌吸引了。 see also attraction ⇨ love noun 1 ■ want verb [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to feel a sexual or romantic desire for sb 对⋯有性欲；爱慕◆'I want you so much,' she whispered in his ear.“我很想要你。”她在他耳边低声说道。ⓘ Want can refer to a more general feeling of wanting sb as a romantic partner. The context should make this clear. * want可以泛指在情爱方面想得到某人的感觉，这个含义应该通过上下文明确表达◆Alice, please don't leave me. I want you. I need you. I can't live without you.艾丽斯，别离开我，我爱你，我需要你，没有你我活不下去。 ■ fancy verb [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (BrE, informal) to be sexually attracted to sb 对⋯有性幻想；倾慕◆I think she fancies me.我觉得她对我动心了。■ have a ˈcrush on sb idiom (had, had) (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to have a strong feeling of love for sb, that usually does not last very long 对⋯产生（一时的）爱慕之情；迷恋上◆I had a huge crush on her when I was younger.我年轻时对她爱慕至极。ⓘ Have a crush on sb is usually used about a young person's feelings for sb older or for sb that they know they cannot have a relationship with. * have a crush on sb通常表示年轻人对较年长者的爱慕之情，或是明知爱慕的对象是可望而不可即的。 see also crush ⇨ love noun 1 ■ ˈgo for sb phrasal verb (goes, went, gone) (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (rather informal) to find a particular type of person attractive 被（某类人）吸引；喜欢◆She generally goes for tall, slim men.她大致上喜欢又高又瘦的男人。ⓘ Go for sb refers to preferring types of people in general. You cannot use it to refer to a particular person. * go for sb指喜欢某一类型的人，不用来指喜欢某个人◆I always go for dark-haired girls.我一向喜欢深色头发的女孩。◆I really go for that dark-haired girl. ■ be ˈinto sb phrase (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (NAmE, informal) to be attracted to sb 被⋯吸引；很喜欢◆You know Ed? I'm really into him.你认识埃德吗？我真的很喜欢他。 discourage2 verb a campaign to discourage smoking among teenagers 劝阻青少年吸烟的运动Don't be discouraged by failure. 不要因失败而灰心丧气。discourage ♦︎ demoralize ♦︎ depress ♦︎ daunt ♦︎ crush ♦︎ get sb down ♦︎ oppressThese words all mean to make sb feel less confident, less enthusiastic or unhappy. 这些词均表示使人失去信心、热情或兴致。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a thought depresses / daunts / oppresses sb■ discourage / /dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒ; NAmE dɪsˈkɜːrɪdʒ/ [transitive, often passive] to make sb feel less confident or enthusiastic about doing sth 使灰心；使泄气；使失去热情◆Don't be discouraged by the first failure－try again!不要因第一次失败就灰心丧气，再试一次吧！◆The weather discouraged most people from attending.这天气使得大部分人都不愿意出席。◆High interest rates will discourage investment.高利率会降低人们的投资意愿。OPP encourage ⇨ encourage 1 see also discouraging ⇨ disappointing ▸ discouragement noun [uncountable, countable] ◆an atmosphere of discouragement and despair灰心绝望的气氛◆Despite all these discouragements, she refused to give up.尽管遇到这么多挫折，她仍不气馁。 OPP encouragement ⇨ encourage 1 ■ demoralize (BrE also demoralise) /dɪˈmɒrəlaɪz; NAmE dɪˈmɔːrəlaɪz, dɪˈmɑːrəlaɪz/ [transitive, often passive] to make sb lose confidence and hope, especially by creating a negative feeling among a group of people 使泄气；使意志消沉；使士气低落◆Constant criticism is enough to demoralize anybody.没完没了的批评足以使任何人意志消沉。◆Many members were demoralized by the leadership's failure to implement reforms.许多成员因领导者改革不力而士气低落。 see also morale ⇨ mood ▸ demoralizing (BrE also demoralising) adjective ◆the demoralizing effects of unemployment失业使人意志消沉的坏影响■ depress /dɪˈpres/ / [transitive] to make sb feel sad and without hope or enthusiasm 使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉◆Wet weather always depresses me.阴雨天总使我心情抑郁。◆It depresses me to see so many young girls smoking.看到这么多年轻女孩抽烟使我感到沮丧。 see also depressed ⇨ depressed , depressing ⇨ negative , depression ⇨ gloom ■ daunt / /dɔːnt/ / [transitive, often passive] to make sb feel nervous and less confident about doing sth, because it seems difficult or frightening 使胆怯；使气馁；使失去信心◆She was a brave woman but she felt daunted by the task ahead.她是个勇敢的女人，但对面前的任务却感到信心不足。 see also daunting ⇨ frightening ■ crush [transitive] (especially written) to destroy sb's confidence or happiness 破坏，毁坏（某人的信心或幸福）◆She felt completely crushed by the teacher's criticism.老师的批评使她觉得自己一无是处。◆Their new self-confidence could not be crushed.他们刚刚建立起的自信心不能被破坏。▸ crushing adjective ◆a crushing defeat in the election在选举中的惨败■ ˌget sb ˈdown phrasal verb (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) (rather informal, especially spoken) to make sb feel sad or depressed 使悲伤；使沮丧；使忧郁◆Don't let it get you down too much.别为这件事过度沮丧。◆The lack of sleep is getting me down.缺少睡眠使我委靡不振。 OPP cheer sb up ⇨ encourage 1 ■ oppress / /əˈpres/ / [transitive] (rather formal, written) to make sb only able to think about sad or worrying things 使郁闷；使烦恼；使不安◆The gloomy atmosphere in the office oppressed her.办公室里那阴沉沉的气氛使她郁闷。 suppress1 verb suppress a rebellion 镇压叛乱suppress a feeling 压抑感情suppress ♦︎ persecute ♦︎ quell ♦︎ crush ♦︎ put sth down ♦︎ disenfranchise ♦︎ subdue ♦︎ oppress ♦︎ repressThese words all mean to use political or military force to bring a group of people under control, to restrict their rights and freedoms, or to stop them from opposing the authorities. 这些词均表示以政治或军事力量来镇压、压制。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达压制的程度| disenfranchise | ➔ | suppress | ➔ | persecute | | subdue | | quell | | crush | | | put sth down | | | | | oppress | | | | | repress | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to suppress / quell / crush / put down / repress a rebellion◆to suppress / quell / crush / put down a / an uprising / revolt◆to suppress / quell / crush opposition◆to suppress / quell / put down a riot◆to quell / crush / subdue rebels◆a persecuted / a disenfranchised / an oppressed minority / people◆the army / troops / police (are used / called in, etc. to) suppress / quell / crush / put down / subdue sb / sth◆a government suppresses / quells / crushes sb / sth◆to brutally suppress / crush / put down / repress sb / sth◆to ruthlessly suppress / crush / repress sb / sth■ suppress / /səˈpres/ / [transitive] (rather formal, written, disapproving) (of a government or ruler) to stop a group or activity which is opposing or threatening authority, often by force （政府或统治者以武力）镇压，平定，压制◆The regime ruthlessly suppresses all dissent.该政权无情压制所有不同意见。◆Trade union rights were suppressed and casual work became the norm.工会的权益受到压制，临时工成为常态。▸ suppression noun [uncountable] ◆the suppression of a rebellion / free speech对叛乱的镇压；对言论自由的压制■ persecute / /ˈpɜːsɪkjuːt; NAmE ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːt/ [transitive, often passive] (disapproving) (especially of people in power) to treat sb in a cruel and unfair way, especially because of their race, religion or political beliefs （尤指当权者因种族、宗教或政治信仰）迫害，残害，压迫◆Throughout history, people have been persecuted for their religious beliefs.历史上人们一直因宗教信仰而受到迫害。 see also persecution ⇨ repression ■ quell [transitive] (rather formal, written, disapproving) (of a government or the authorities) to stop sth such as violent behaviour or protests, often by force （政府或当局以武力）制止，平息，镇压◆Extra police were called in to quell the disturbances.调集更多警力来平息骚乱。■ crush [transitive] (disapproving, journalism 新闻) (of a government or ruler) to use violent methods to stop people who are opposing authority （政府或统治者用暴力）制伏，镇压◆The army was sent in to crush the rebellion.军队被派去平息叛乱。■ ˌput sth ˈdown phrasal verb (putting, put, put) (disapproving) (of a government or the authorities) to use force to stop sth, such as a group or activity which is opposing authority （政府或当局用武力）镇压，平定◆Troops loyal to the president put down an attempted coup.效忠于总统的军队镇压了一场未遂政变。■ disenfranchise /ˌdɪsɪnˈfræntʃaɪz/ / [transitive] (formal) to take away sb's rights, especially their right to vote 剥夺（某人的）权利（尤指选举权）◆Many disabled people were effectively disenfranchised because of lack of access.由于缺乏机会，很多残疾人的权利实际上被剥夺了。■ subdue / /səbˈdjuː; NAmE səbˈduː/ [transitive] (formal, disapproving) (of a government or the authorities) to bring sb/sth under control, such as a group or activity which is opposing authority, especially by using force （政府或当局用武力）制伏，征服，控制◆Troops were called in to subdue the rebels.军队被调来镇压叛乱者。NOTE 辨析 Suppress, quell, crush, put down or subdue?These words are all disapproving and suggest an unfair use of power. Suppress is the most general word. It can refer to stopping a range of different groups or activities, using different degrees of force from political pressure to physical violence. Quell usually refers to stopping violence, protests, riots, etc. This can be political protests or opposition, or other violence, such as football hooligans. Crush and put down both refer to using force to stop either opposition or protests and riots. Crush suggests the use of particularly violent methods and is used especially in journalism. Subdue is a more formal word to refer to bringing opposition under control, either with immediate action, for example by the police or army, or over a period of time. 这些词均含贬义，指不公正地使用了权力。suppress含义最广，可指不同程度地使用政治压力或武力来压制各种群体或活动；quell通常指平息暴力、抗议或骚乱等，包括政治性抗议或对抗，以及足球流氓滋事之类的其他暴力行为；crush和put down均表示使用武力镇压抗议、对抗或暴乱，crush尤用于新闻语言中，指使用特别粗暴的手段；subdue比较正式，表示把对手置于控制之中，既可指立刻采取行动，如动用警察或军队镇压，也可指行动持续一段时期。■ oppress /əˈpres/ / [transitive] (rather formal, written, disapproving) (especially of people in power) to treat sb in a cruel or unfair way, by not giving them the same rights and freedoms as other people （尤指当权者）压迫，欺压，压制◆The regime is accused of oppressing religious minorities.人们指控这个政权欺压少数宗教信徒。 see also oppression ⇨ repression ■ repress / /rɪˈpres/ / [transitive, often passive] (rather formal, written, disapproving) (of a government or the authorities) to control a group of people and restrict their freedom, especially a group who oppose or threaten authority, by using political or military force （政府或当局用政治或军事力量）压制，镇压◆The government was quick to repress any opposition.政府迅速镇压一切反对势力。 see also repression ⇨ repression NOTE 辨析 Persecute, disenfranchise, oppress or repress? Persecute is the most extreme of these verbs and refers to cruel treatment that can include harming and even killing a group of people because they are different in a way which is considered offensive by others or by those in power. People get persecuted especially because of their race, religion or political beliefs, for example the persecution of the Jews during World War II. Disenfranchise is the least emotional, most descriptive term, and means to take people's rights away, especially their right to vote. Oppress and repress lie between these two, meaning to restrict people's freedom so that they cannot express their opinions, act as they want to, challenge those in power, etc. In general people are oppressed and their activities are repressed. 这几个词中persecute最为极端，指对那些由于与众不同而被认为冒犯了别人或当权者的群体进行残酷迫害，包括伤害甚至杀戮。导致人们遭受迫害的原因尤以种族、宗教或政治信仰为主，例如第二次世界大战时对犹太人的迫害。disenfranchise最少情感色彩、最侧重客观叙述，表示剥夺某人的权利，特别是选举权。oppress和repress介于上述两词之间，表示限制人们的言论、行动以及挑战当权者的自由。通常情况下，压制人用oppress，压制行为用repress。 |