| 例句 |
forced adj.
⇨ artificial 2 (forced smiles) ⇨ necessary (a forced sale)artificial2 adjective artificial light 人造光an artificial situation 人为不自然的场面artificial ♦︎ forced ♦︎ laboured ♦︎ contrived ♦︎ strainedThese words all describe an action, emotion or situation which is not natural or not what it appears to be. 这些词均表示行为、情感或场景是人为的、虚假的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a forced / strained smile◆an artificial / a contrived situation / example◆to sound forced / laboured / contrived / strained◆rather artificial / forced / laboured◆somewhat artificial / laboured / strained■ artificial created by people; not happening naturally 人为的；不自然的◆A job interview is a very artificial situation.求职面试是个非常不自然的场面。■ forced (disapproving) not sincere; not the result of genuine emotions but produced by a deliberate effort 不真诚的；勉强的◆'Good,' he said with forced cheerfulness.“好吧。”他装出高兴的样子说。OPP genuine ⇨ deep 1 ■ laboured (BrE) (NAmE labored) (disapproving) (of speech, writing, etc.) not natural and seeming to take a lot of effort （说话、写作等）不自然的，矫揉造作的，费力的◆She knew better than to interrupt one of her father's rather laboured jokes.她知道最好别去打断父亲那些颇为做作的玩笑。■ contrived / /kənˈtraɪvd/ / (disapproving) planned in advance and not natural or genuine; written or arranged in a way that is not natural or realistic 预谋的；不自然的；做作的◆The letter was full of contrived excuses.信里编造了很多借口。◆The book's ending seemed contrived.这本书的结尾显得牵强。■ strained (often disapproving) not the result of genuine emotions; produced by a deliberate effort 非真心的；做作的；勉强的◆She gave a strained laugh.她勉强笑了一下。ⓘ Strained is not always as disapproving as forced: sometimes it can show or invite sympathy for a person under stress. 与forced不同，strained并不总是带有贬义，有时可以用来对处于压力之下的人表示同情或为之争取同情◆I put on my strained smile for the next patiently waiting customer.我对下一位耐心等候的顾客勉强地笑了笑。 necessary adjective ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ essential 另见essential条necessary ♦︎ compulsory ♦︎ mandatory ♦︎ requisite ♦︎ obligatory ♦︎ forced ♦︎ involuntaryThese words all describe sth that sb has to do or have. 这些词均表示必须做的、必要的、强制性的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆it's necessary / compulsory / mandatory / obligatory for sb to do sth◆it's necessary / compulsory / mandatory / obligatory to do sth◆forced / involuntary repatriation◆almost / legally compulsory / obligatory■ necessary that is needed for a purpose or a reason 必需的；必要的◆It may be necessary to buy a new one.也许有必要买个新的了。◆Only use your car when absolutely necessary.不得已时才开车。◆If necessary, you can contact me at home.必要的话，我在家时你也可以和我联系。◆I'll make the necessary arrangements.我会做一些必要的安排。OPP unnecessary ⇨ unnecessary see also necessary ⇨ inevitable , necessitate ⇨ mean verb 3 ■ compulsory / /kəmˈpʌlsəri/ / (rather formal) that must be done because of a law or rule （按法律或规定）必须做的，强制的◆It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets.所有骑摩托车的人都必须强制戴头盔。◆English is a compulsory subject at this level.英语在这一级别是必修科目。OPP voluntary , optional ⇨ voluntary 1 see also compulsion ⇨ pressure 2 ■ mandatory / /ˈmændətəri; NAmE ˈmændətɔːri, BrE also mænˈdeɪtəri/ / (formal) that must be done because of a law （按法律）必须做的，强制的◆It is mandatory for blood banks to test all donated blood for the virus.血库一律要按规定检查所有捐献的血液是否含有这种病毒。◆The offence carries a mandatory life sentence.这种罪行依照法律要判无期徒刑。■ requisite / /ˈrekwɪzɪt/ / [only before noun] (formal) necessary for a particular purpose 必需的；必备的；必不可少的◆She lacks the requisite experience for the job.她缺少做这份工作所必需的经验。■ obligatory /əˈblɪgətri; NAmE əˈblɪgətɔːri/ (formal) that must be done because of a law or rule （按法律或规定）必须做的，强制的◆It is obligatory for all employees to wear protective clothing.所有员工必须强制穿防护服。ⓘ Obligatory is sometimes used humorously before a noun to talk about sth that often exists or is done, but that is not really necessary at all. * obligatory有时用于名词前，描述常有的或常做的但根本无甚必要的事，为幽默用法◆The hotel has a terrace with comfy chairs for that obligatory cocktail.这家旅馆有个露台，摆放着舒适的椅子，供人们喝上一杯那似乎是不可或缺的鸡尾酒。 OPP optional ⇨ voluntary 1 NOTE 辨析 Compulsory, mandatory or obligatory? Compulsory is used especially in the contexts of education, business and employment. * compulsory尤用于教育、商务和职业语境◆compulsory education / schooling / reading / subjects义务教育；必读材料；必修科目◆compulsory insurance / liquidation / purchase / redundancy / retirement强制性保险；强制清算／购买／裁员／退休 Mandatory is used especially in the context of the law. * mandatory尤用于法律语境◆a mandatory sentence / penalty / duty / requirement法定判决；依法惩处；法定义务／条件 Obligatory is often used to talk about rules and laws relating to safety, for example in sport or the workplace. * obligatory常用于描述跟安全相关的规定和法律，如体育运动的规则或工作场所的规章◆Recently safety regulations have made it obligatory for all competitors to wear fist protectors.最近，所有参赛者都必须按安全规定戴拳套。 ■ forced [usually before noun] happening or done without you wanting it to 被迫的；不得已的；非自愿的◆Many are unhappy about the forced repatriation of the refugees.很多人对强制遣返难民感到不满。◆I hope there will be no need for the forced sale of any property.我希望不会有强行变卖财产的必要。■ involuntary /ɪnˈvɒləntri; NAmE ɪnˈvɑːlənteri/ [usually before noun] (rather formal, written) happening or done without you wanting it to 被迫的；不得已的；非自愿的◆The distinction between voluntary and involuntary unemployment is often blurred.自愿失业和非自愿失业之间的区分往往很模糊。OPP voluntary ⇨ voluntary 1 NOTE 辨析 Forced or involuntary? Forced often suggests that sb is forcing sb to do sth; involuntary suggests that it is circumstances, not another person, that forces sb to do or be sth. * forced常指受他人所迫，involuntary指受环境所迫或所限◆forced unemployment However, involuntary can also be used when it is in fact the actions or decision of another person that forces sb to do sth, as a more formal and less direct (or less honest) way of saying forced. 不过，involuntary可用于指事实上是另一个人的行为或决定迫使某人做某事，是forced较为正式和不太直接（或不太坦率）的说法◆the forced / involuntary repatriation of the refugees对难民的强制性遣返 |