| 例句 |
dictate verb
⇨ determine (circumstances dictate that sth happens) ⇨ quote (dictate a letter) ⇨ rule 2 (dictate what sb should do)determine verb determine ♦︎ shape ♦︎ govern ♦︎ dictate ♦︎ form ♦︎ decide ♦︎ ruleThese words all mean to control or to influence the way that sth happens or that sb/sth develops. 这些词均表示支配或影响事情的发生、发展或人的发展。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达支配或影响的程度| shape | ➔ | govern | ➔ | determine | | form | | rule | | dictate | | | | | decide |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to determine / shape / govern / dictate / decide how...◆to determine / govern / dictate / decide what / when / why...◆to determine / dictate that ...◆to determine / shape / dictate / decide the outcome / result (of sth)◆to determine / shape / dictate the course / direction / future (of sth)◆to determine / shape / form the character of sb / sth◆to determine / shape / govern behaviour◆a factor determines / shapes / governs / decides sth◆a force determines / shapes / governs sth◆to be largely determined / governed / dictated by sth■ determine [transitive, often passive] (formal) to make sth happen in a particular way or be of a particular type 决定；支配；影响◆Female employment was determined by economic and social factors.女性的就业受经济和社会因素的影响。◆The physical capabilities of a plant determine where it can and cannot live.植物的自然适应能力决定了它适合在什么地方生存。◆Upbringing plays an important part in determining a person's character.后天培养对于一个人性格的形成起着重要作用。■ shape [transitive] to have an important influence on the way sb/sth develops 决定⋯的形成；影响⋯的发展◆Historical events helped to shape the town.历史事件对这个城镇的发展有相当的影响。◆She had a leading role in shaping party policy.她在该党的政策方向定调上起了主导作用。◆Religion had long been losing its power to shape and control behaviour.长期以来宗教已经失去了对人们行为的影响和控制力。■ govern [transitive, often passive] (rather formal) to control or influence how sth happens or works or how sb behaves 控制；支配；影响◆Prices are very much governed by market demand.价格的高低在很大程度上取决于市场的需求。◆We need changes in the law governing school attendance.我们需要对影响就学率的法规作一些改动。◆All his decisions had been entirely governed by self-interest.他的所有决定完全受利己之心支配。■ dictate [transitive, intransitive](of particular circumstances) to control what happens or the way that sth happens （特定情况）支配，摆布，决定◆It's generally your job that dictates where you live now.一般说来，你的工作决定了你当前的居住地点。◆Circumstances dictated that I had to wait nearly two years.客观环境决定，我得等将近两年。◆This is clearly the best choice, unless financial considerations dictate otherwise.这显然是最佳选择，除非经济上不允许。◆She had to remain indoors for 30 days before the wedding, as custom dictates.按照习俗的规定，婚礼前30天她必须足不出户。■ form [transitive] to have an important influence on the way sb's character or ideas develop 对（性格或思想的形成）有重大影响◆Positive and negative experiences form a child's character.正反两方面的经历都会影响儿童性格的形成。◆No other work of fiction has had such an influence in forming public attitudes.没有哪本小说对公众的态度产生过这么大的影响。NOTE 辨析 Shape or form?Both these words can be used to talk about the influences on a person's character or ideas. 这两个词都可指对人的性格或思想产生影响◆to shape / form sb's character / ideas / attitude / opinions决定某人性格／思想／态度／观点的形成 Shape, but not form can also be used to talk about influencing sb's behaviour or a course of events. * shape还可指对人的行为或事态发展产生影响，form则不能◆Historical events helped to form the town. ◆the power of religion to form behaviour ■ decide [transitive, intransitive] to determine the result of sth 决定（或影响）⋯的结果◆A mixture of skill and good luck decided the outcome of the game.实力和运气结合在一起决定了比赛的结果。◆In the end, price was the deciding factor.最终，价格成了决定因素。■ rule [transitive, often passive] (often disapproving) to be the main thing that influences and controls sb's life or choices, especially in a way that restricts them 支配；控制；制约◆The pursuit of money ruled his life.对金钱的追求支配着他的生活。◆We live in a society where we are ruled by the clock.我们生活在一个人人都受时间控制的社会里。 quote verb quote ♦︎ cite ♦︎ repeat ♦︎ say ♦︎ recite ♦︎ narrate ♦︎ dictateThese words all mean to repeat words that another person has said or written. 这些词均表示引用、复述。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to quote / cite / repeat / recite / dictate a passage◆to quote / repeat / say / recite a line◆to quote / recite (a) poem / speech / poetry◆to narrate / dictate a story■ quote [transitive, intransitive] to say or write the exact words that another person has said or written 引用；引述◆He quoted a passage from the prime minister's speech.他引用了首相的一段讲话。◆The figures quoted in this article refer only to Britain.本文援引的数字仅指英国。◆Don't quote me on this (= this is not an official statement), but I think she is going to resign.不要说这话是我讲的，但我想她打算辞职。◆Quote this reference number in all correspondence.请在所有函件中标明这个编号。◆They said they were quoting from a recent report.他们说他们引用的是最近的一份报告。 see also quote ⇨ mention verb , quotation ⇨ reference ■ cite [transitive] (formal) to say or write the exact words from a book, piece of writing or author, especially in order to support a statement in a piece of academic writing or a report 引用，引述，援引（尤指为学术文章或报告中的某个说法提供依据）◆She cited a passage from the President's speech.她引用了总统的一段讲话。 see also cite ⇨ mention verb , citation ⇨ reference ■ repeat [transitive] to say aloud sth that sb else has said, often in order to learn it 复述，跟读（常指为学习）◆Listen and repeat each sentence after me.先听再跟着我朗读每个句子。◆Can you repeat what I've just said word for word?你能一字不差地复述我刚才说过的话吗？■ say (said, said) [transitive] to repeat the words of sth such as a prayer or speech 念，朗诵，背诵（祷告词、讲话稿等）◆He said a quiet prayer to himself.他在心中默祷。◆Try to say that line with more conviction.朗诵这一句时语气要更加坚定。■ recite / /rɪˈsaɪt/ / [transitive] to say aloud a poem, piece of literature, etc. that you have learned, especially to an audience （尤指对听众）背诵，吟诵，朗诵（文学作品等）◆Each child had to recite a poem to the class.每个孩子都得对着全班同学背诵一首诗。■ narrate /nəˈreɪt; NAmE ˈnæreɪt/ [transitive] to speak the words that form the text of a film or television programme, especially a documentary (= a factual programme) 给（纪录片等电影或电视节目）作解说◆The film was narrated by Andrew Sachs.这部电影是由安德鲁•萨克斯解说的。■ dictate /dɪkˈteɪt; NAmE ˈdɪkteɪt/ [transitive, intransitive] to say words aloud for sb else to write down 口述（以供记录）◆She dictated a letter to her secretary.她向秘书口授信稿。◆OK, you write, I'll dictate.好了，你写，我来口授。 rule2 verb rule a country 统治国家The court/judge ruled that... 法庭／法官裁定⋯ ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ order verb 1 另见order动词词条第1义rule ♦︎ prescribe ♦︎ lay sth down ♦︎ decree ♦︎ order ♦︎ legislate ♦︎ dictateThese words all mean to give an official decision about sth or officially say that sth should happen. 这些词均表示正式决定、裁定、命令。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to rule / legislate on / against sth◆to rule / prescribe / lay down / decree / order / legislate / dictate that...◆to rule / prescribe / lay down / decree / order / dictate how / what / who...◆It is prescribed / laid down / decreed / ordered that...◆to do sth as prescribed / laid down / ordered / dictated◆to officially rule / prescribe / lay down / decree / order / legislate (that...)■ rule [intransitive, transitive](especially of a judge or court) to give an official decision about sth （尤指法官或法庭）决定，裁定，判决◆The high court will rule on the legality of the action.高等法院将裁定此举是否合法。◆The judge ruled in favour of the plaintiff.法官判原告胜诉。◆The court ruled that the women had been unfairly dismissed.法院裁定这些妇女是被不公平地开除的。◆The deal may be ruled illegal.这笔交易可能会被判定为非法。 see also ruling ⇨ conclusion ■ prescribe / /prɪˈskraɪb/ / [transitive] (rather formal) (especially of rules) to say what should be done or how sth should be done （尤指规章、条例）规定，命令，指示◆The syllabus prescribes precisely which books should be studied.教学大纲明确规定了必读书目。■ ˌlay sth ˈdown phrasal verb (laid, laid)to state officially that people must obey a particular rule, law or principle 规定，制订（条例、法规或原则）◆You can't always lay down hard and fast rules.规则不能总是定得太死。◆You should follow the regulations as laid down in the handbook.你应该遵守手册中的规定。■ decree / /dɪˈkriː/ / [transitive] to decide sth officially, using your authority and without discussing it with other people （掌权者自行）裁定，判决，颁布◆The government decreed a state of emergency.政府下令进入紧急状态。◆It was decreed that the following day should be a holiday.法令宣布第二天为休假日。 see also decree ⇨ order noun ■ order [transitive] to use your position of authority to say that sth must happen 命令；指示；要求◆They ordered that for every tree cut down two more be planted.他们要求每砍伐一棵树就要补栽两棵。◆The Justice Minister has ordered an investigation into the matter.司法部长已下令对此事进行调查。■ legislate / /ˈledʒɪsleɪt/ / [intransitive] (formal) to make a law affecting sth 制定法律；立法◆The government has been urged to legislate against discrimination in the workplace.人们敦促政府制定法律禁止职场歧视。◆The King restricted Parliament's power to legislate.国王限制议会的立法权。 see also legislation ⇨ law ■ dictate /dɪkˈteɪt; NAmE ˈdɪkteɪt/ [transitive] to tell sb what to do or what should happen, especially in an annoying way （尤指以令人不快的方式）指使，强行规定◆What right do they have to dictate how we live our lives?他们有什么权利强行规定我们该怎样生活？◆I refuse to be dictated to.我拒绝受人摆布。◆They are in no position to dictate terms.他们没有资格发号施令。 |