| 例句 |
difficult adj.
⇨ difficult 1 (a difficult task) ⇨ difficult 2 (make life difficult for sb) ⇨ perverse (a difficult customer)difficult1 adjective a difficult task 艰巨的任务make life difficult for sb 给某人找麻烦perversea difficult customerdifficult ♦︎ hard ♦︎ challenging ♦︎ demanding ♦︎ taxing ♦︎ testingThese words all describe sth that is not easy and requires a lot of effort or skill to do. 这些词均表示费力的、难做的、艰巨的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆difficult / hard / challenging / demanding / taxing for sb◆difficult / hard to do sth◆difficult / hard to believe / see / tell / say◆a difficult / hard / challenging / demanding / taxing / testing time / week / year◆difficult / hard / challenging / demanding / taxing work◆a difficult / hard / challenging / demanding / taxing job◆a difficult / hard / challenging / demanding task / target◆a difficult / hard / challenging / taxing / testing question◆very / quite difficult / hard / challenging / demanding / taxing / testing◆physically difficult / hard / challenging / demanding / taxing◆emotionally difficult / challenging / demanding / taxing◆technically difficult / challenging / demanding◆mentally / intellectually challenging / demanding / taxing■ difficult not easy; needing effort or skill to do or understand 困难的；费力的；难做的；难解的◆It's really difficult to read your writing.你的笔迹真是难以辨认。◆It can be difficult for young people to find jobs around here.年轻人要在这附近找到工作可能有困难。◆We didn't realize how difficult it was going to be.我们当时并没有意识到这将会有多难。◆Senior lawyers handle the most difficult cases.资深律师负责处理最棘手的案子。OPP easy , simple ⇨ easy 1 see also difficulty ⇨ problem ■ hard difficult 困难的；费力的；难做的；难解的◆I always found languages quite hard at school.上学时我总觉得语言很难学。◆It was one of the hardest things I ever did.这是我做过的最难的事情之一。◆It must be hard for her, bringing up four children on her own.她一人抚养四个孩子一定很困难。◆It's hard to believe she's only nine years old.很难相信她只有九岁。◆'When will the job be finished?' 'It's hard to say.'“这活儿什么时候能干完？”“难说。”◆I find his attitude quite hard to take (= difficult to accept).他的态度让我难以接受。OPP easy ⇨ easy 1 NOTE 辨析 Difficult or hard? Hard is slightly less formal than difficult. It is used particularly in the structure hard to believe/say/find/take/come by, etc., although difficult can also be used in any of these examples. 与difficult相比，hard略为不正式，尤用于hard to believe/say/find/take/come by等结构。当然，difficult也可用于这些结构。■ challenging (approving) difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability 挑战性的；考验能力的◆I have had a challenging and rewarding career as a teacher.我从事过富有挑战性且非常有意义的教师职业。◆We have changed the programme to make it more academically challenging.我们已经修改了这个课程，使其更具学术挑战性。 see also challenge ⇨ problem ■ demanding difficult to do or deal with and needing a lot of effort, skill or patience 费力的；需要技能（或耐性）的◆It is a technically demanding piece of music to play.演奏这段音乐需要有高超的技艺。◆This event is considered one of the most demanding in the sporting calendar.这项比赛是全年体育赛事中最具挑战性的项目之一。OPP undemanding ⇨ easy 1 ■ taxing (often used in negative statements 常用于否定陈述) difficult to do and needing a lot of mental or physical effort 费力的；伤脑筋的；繁重的◆This shouldn't be too taxing for you.这对于你来说不至于太费劲。◆There was nothing intellectually taxing about the excercise.这项练习很简单，根本不用费脑筋。■ testing difficult to deal with and needing particular strength or abilities 棘手的；繁重的；伤脑筋的◆This has been a testing time for us all.对我们大家来说，这是一段难熬的时间。NOTE 辨析 Demanding, taxing or testing? Demanding is the strongest of these words and describes tasks and experiences. It is often used with more or most or an adverb such as physically, mentally or emotionally that says in what way the activity is difficult. Taxing is used especially in negative statements and to talk about problems or tasks that need (or do not need) mental effort. Testing describes experiences but not tasks and is used particularly with time, week or year. 这三个词中demanding语气最强，指任务或经历艰难，常与more、most或physically、mentally、emotionally等副词连用，表示某方面有困难。taxing尤用于否定陈述，表示问题或任务需要（或不需要）费脑筋。testing用于形容经历而非任务，尤与time、week或year连用。 difficult2 adjective a difficult task 艰巨的任务make life difficult for sb 给某人找麻烦perversea difficult customerdifficult ♦︎ tough ♦︎ bad ♦︎ hard ♦︎ adverse ♦︎ rough ♦︎ unfavourable ♦︎ disadvantageousThese words all describe sth that is full of problems or causes a lot of problems. 这些词均表示问题成堆的、麻烦的、不利的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆difficult / tough / bad / hard / unfavourable / disadvantageous for sb◆tough / hard / rough on sb◆unfavourable / disadvantageous to sb◆a difficult / a bad / a hard / an adverse / an unfavourable / a disadvantageous position◆a difficult / a tough / a bad / a hard / a rough / an unfavourable situation◆difficult / tough / bad / hard / adverse / rough / unfavourable conditions◆difficult / tough / adverse / unfavourable circumstances◆a difficult / tough / bad / hard / rough time / day / week / year◆a difficult / tough / hard / rough life / childhood◆a bad / an adverse / an unfavourable / a disadvantageous effect■ difficult involving or causing a lot of problems 问题很多的；造成麻烦的◆The next few months were quite difficult.随后几个月出现了很多问题。◆My boss is making life very difficult for me.老板总是给我找很多麻烦。◆What's the most difficult personal situation you've ever been in?你所经历过的最麻烦的个人困境是什么？◆There was a great deal of difficult terrain to be covered.要穿越许多难以通过的地带。 see also difficulty ⇨ problem ■ tough / /tʌf/ / involving or causing a lot of problems, especially personal problems （尤指个人的问题）艰难的，棘手的◆She's been having a tough time of it.她最近的日子一直很难熬。◆This will be the toughest test of his leadership yet.这对他的领导工作将是最严峻的考验。◆It's tough out there in the real world.外面的现实世界有很多不如意。ⓘ Tough is a less general word than difficult and is used to talk about personal problems, not physical conditions. * tough不如difficult含义广，用于修饰个人问题而非自然环境◆tough terrain/weather conditions ■ bad full of problems; likely to cause problems in a particular situation 问题成堆的；可能引起麻烦的；不适当的◆Things were bad enough without her interfering.事情本来就够糟糕了，偏偏她又来管闲事。◆The situation couldn't get any worse.形势糟糕透了。◆It was the worst time of my life.那是我人生中最倒霉的一段时间。◆I think it was probably a bad time to ask him.我认为在那个时候问他可能不合适。◆He realized it had been a bad decision.他意识到那是个错误的决定。■ hard full of problems, especially because of bad conditions or a lack of money 艰难的；困苦的；困顿的◆My grandmother had a hard life.我祖母一生艰难。◆Times were hard at the end of the war.战争结束时生活很艰苦。◆Conditions were extremely hard in the camps.营地的生活条件极其恶劣。 see also hardship ⇨ trouble 2 ■ adverse / /ˈædvɜːs, ədˈvɜːs; NAmE ədˈvɜːrs/ [usually before noun] (rather formal) negative and unpleasant; having a negative effect on what you are trying to do 不利的；有害的；负面的◆Lack of money will have an adverse effect on the research programme.缺少资金将给这个研究方案带来不利影响。◆Adverse weather conditions meant the rescue had to be abandoned.恶劣天气意味着救援工作只能放弃。◆They have attracted strong adverse criticism.他们已招致强烈的非难。▸ adversely adverb ◆This move could adversely affect the UK's position in the market.此举可能会损害英国的市场地位。■ rough difficult and unpleasant 艰苦的；困顿的◆He's had a really rough time recently.他最近真是困难重重。◆Life was rough on the streets.流浪街头的生活很艰难。◆They set sail in rough conditions.他们冒着风浪的危险起航了。ⓘ Life or times can be rough if they are full of personal problems or violence; conditions are rough if they are physically difficult. 用rough形容生活或时代，指充满个人问题或暴力；用rough形容环境，指自然环境恶劣。■ unfavourable (BrE) (NAmE unfavorable) /ʌnˈfeɪvərəbl/ / (formal) (of conditions or situations) not good and likely to cause problems or make sth more difficult （条件或形势）不利的，有害的◆The conditions were unfavourable for increased crop production.这些条件不利于农作物增产。◆The country's geographical position is highly unfavourable.这个国家的地理位置十分不利。 OPP favourable ⇨ valuable 2 ■ disadvantageous / /ˌdɪsædvænˈteɪdʒəs/ / (formal) causing sb to be in a worse situation than other people; likely to cause problems 不利的；产生负面影响的◆The deal would not be disadvantageous to your company.这笔交易不会对你公司不利。◆Growing conditions here are disadvantageous.这里的生长条件很不利。OPP advantageous ⇨ valuable 2 see also disadvantage ⇨ disadvantage perverse adjective perverse ♦︎ difficult ♦︎ unhelpful ♦︎ awkward ♦︎ obstructive ♦︎ uncooperativeThese words all describe sb who behaves in a way that is not helpful, is unreasonable or causes problems. 这些词均表示不愿帮助的、不通情达理的或麻烦的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆unhelpful / obstructive to sth◆to be difficult / awkward about sth◆a difficult / an awkward / an uncooperative child◆a difficult / an awkward customer◆deliberately perverse / awkward / obstructive■ perverse / /pəˈvɜːs; NAmE pərˈvɜːrs/ (of a person or their behaviour) showing determination to behave in a way that most people think is wrong, unacceptable or unreasonable （人或行为）执拗的，任性的，不通情达理的◆Do you really mean that, or are you just being deliberately perverse?你是真要那样，还是故意作对？◆For some perverse reason he is refusing to see a doctor.他太固执，拒不去看病。◆It would be perverse to quit now that we're almost finished.我们就快完工了，现在要退出，未免太任性了。▸ perversely adverb ◆She seemed perversely proud of her criminal record.她似乎不通人事，以自己曾经犯过事为荣。▸ perversity noun [uncountable] ◆He refused to attend out of sheer perversity.他拒不出席，纯属任性固执。■ difficult (of a person) not easy to please; not helpful （人）难以取悦的，不愿帮助的◆Don't pay any attention to her－she's just being difficult.别理她－她是在故意刁难。◆We have training in how to deal with difficult customers.我们有培训课教大家如何对付难缠的顾客。■ unhelpful (of a person) not willing to help sb; (of an action) not helpful or useful （人）不愿帮助的；（行为）无益的，无用的◆The taxi driver was being very unhelpful.那个出租车司机不肯帮忙。◆We were disappointed by the rather unhelpful response from the insurance company.保险公司的回答于事无补，我们对此很失望。 OPP helpful ⇨ helpful , helpful ⇨ valuable 2 ▸ unhelpfully adverb ◆'Who was that?' 'No idea,' she replied unhelpfully.“那是谁？”“不知道。”她一副不想帮忙的语气回答道。■ awkward (of a person) difficult to deal with （人）难对付的，难处理的◆Please don't be awkward about letting him come.关于让他来这件事，请你不要从中作梗。◆He can be an awkward customer (= a difficult person to deal with generally).他可是个难对付的家伙。■ obstructive /əbˈstrʌktɪv/ / (of a person or their behaviour) trying to prevent sb/sth from making progress （人或行为）阻挠的，妨碍的◆Of course she can do it. She's just being deliberately obstructive.这事她当然做得到，她只是故意刁难。OPP constructive ⓘ Constructive describes behaviour or a course of action that has a useful and helpful effect rather than being negative and with no purpose. * constructive指行为或行动是有用和有帮助的，而不是负面的、没有目的的◆constructive criticism / suggestions / advice建设性的批评／建议／劝告 ■ uncooperative /ˌʌnkəʊˈɒpərətɪv; NAmE ˌʌnkoʊˈɑːpərətɪv/ (of a person) not willing to be helpful to other people or do what they ask （人）不愿合作的，不愿配合的◆The witness was extremely uncooperative.目击者一点都不配合。OPP cooperative ⇨ helpful |