| 例句 |
direction noun
⇨ direction (a new direction in party policy) ⇨ government 2 (the direction of a project) ⇨ instructions (give directions) ⇨ way 3 (in the direction of the river) direction noun direction ♦︎ path ♦︎ course ♦︎ road ♦︎ routeThese are all words for the general way in which sb/sth develops or sb achieves sth, over a period of time. 这些词均表示趋势、途径。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a / the path / road / route to sth◆on a / the path / course / road / route◆the right / wrong direction / path / course / road / route◆a new direction / path / course / road / route◆a different direction / path / course / road / route◆the future direction / path / course (of sth)◆a clear direction / path / course / road / route◆to take a / the ... direction / path / course / road / route◆to follow / pursue a / the ... direction / path / course / route◆to go down a / the ... path / road / route◆to change (a / the) direction / courseNOTE 辨析 Path, course, road and routeThese words all have literal meanings relating to the way you travel to get somewhere. Many of the collocations used with the literal meanings are shared by the meanings in this group, for example follow this path, change course, go down that road and take that route. * path、course、road和route的字面意义都与旅行的路线相关，很多与字面意义搭配的词也可与这里的意思搭配，如follow this path、change course、go down that road和take that route。■ direction [countable, uncountable] the general way in which a person, thing, organization or sb's ideas or actions is/are developing or changing 发展趋势；动向◆The exhibition provides evidence of several new directions in her work.这个展览表明她的创作有几个新动向。◆They are debating the future direction of the party.他们在辩论该党未来的发展趋势。◆I am very unhappy with the direction the club is taking.我对该俱乐部的发展趋势很不满意。◆It's only a small improvement but at least it's a step in the right direction.虽然这只是个小小的改进，但至少是朝正确方向迈出的一步。◆It seems that things are at last moving in the right direction.看来事情最终还是朝着正确的方向发展了。■ path [countable] a plan of action or the series of actions sb takes to achieve sth 行动计划；达成目标的途径◆There is no clear career path in this field.这个领域里没有清晰的职业规划。◆The party seemed to be on the path to assured victory.该党似乎走上了必胜的道路。◆Power sharing is a difficult path to tread.实行分权是一条难走的道路。◆Everyone has to find their own path in life.每个人都必须找到自己的人生道路。■ course [countable, usually singular] the general direction in which sb's ideas or actions, or a series of events, develop 方针；行动方向◆Her career followed a similar course to her sister's.她的职业道路跟姐姐的相似。◆This was an event that changed the whole course of his thinking.这个事件改变了他整个的思维取向。◆We'll just have to let things take their natural course.我们只好让事情顺其自然发展。◆They were obliged to steer a course between the interests of the two groups.他们被迫在两个群体的利益之间游走。NOTE 辨析 Direction or course?The direction of a person or thing is usually the way they are developing now or the way they are likely to develop in the future; direction is not usually used if you are looking back at the way things developed in the past. * direction通常指人或事物目前或未来的发展趋势，一般不用于回顾过去的发展情况◆Her career followed a similar direction to her sister's. The course of a person or thing is usually the way they developed over a period of time or have been developing until now; course is not usually used if you are looking forward to the way things are likely to develop in the future. * course通常指人或事物在一段时间内或迄今为止的发展情况，一般不用于展望未来的发展趋势◆They are debating the future course of the party. Course also has the closely related meaning of 'a way of acting in or dealing with a particular situation'. * course还可表示“行动方式”或“处理方法”等密切相关的意义。 ■ road [countable] a series of events or course of action that will lead to a particular result 途径；方法；路子◆The economy is well on the road to recovery.经济正稳步复苏。◆We would prefer not to go down that particular road.我们不想采用那种方法。◆She set out on the road to stardom too early in life.她过早地踏上了星途。◆They seem to be on the road to ruin.他们好像走上了一条毁灭之路。■ route [countable] the way in which sb achieves sth or tries to achieve sth 途径；渠道◆The biography charts her route to fame from humble beginnings.那本传记写到她如何从卑微一路走向成名。◆Education was the traditional route out of poverty.教育是摆脱贫穷的传统途径。◆Some young people see marriage as a kind of escape route (= a way of getting out of a situation they do not like).有些年轻人把婚姻看成是一种逃避的途径。NOTE 辨析 Path, road or route? Path is often more personal than road. People talk about your/his/her career path/path in life (= the one that sb in particular follows) but the road to stardom/ruin (= the one that everyone follows if they become a star/are ruined). Route may be used to talk about a particular person or people in general. * path常比road更加个人化，一般说your/his/her career path/path in life（你／他／她的职业／人生道路），但说the road to stardom/ruin（成为明星／走向毁灭之路）。route可用于特定或泛指的人◆her route to fame她的成名之路◆the traditional route out of poverty摆脱贫穷的传统途径However, it is usually used when reporting things in a more factual, less emotional way. You can talk about sth being a difficult path to tread or a difficult road to travel (note the different verbs, according to the different literal meanings of path and road) but such terms are not usually used to describe route in this meaning. 但是，route通常用于对事情的如实而非感性的叙述。说某件事很难做可以用a difficult path to tread或a difficult road to travel（注意：由于path和road的字面意义不同，搭配的动词也不同），但route通常不这样用。 government2 noun the British government 英国政府strong government 严厉的统治government ♦︎ management ♦︎ leadership ♦︎ regulation ♦︎ administration ♦︎ supervision ♦︎ directionThese are all words for the activity of running or controlling a business or organization, or of governing a country. 这些词均表示对企业、机构或国家的管理、管治。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆leadership / supervision / direction from sb◆regulation / supervision by sb◆under the management / leadership / administration / supervision / direction of sb◆(to be / work, etc.) in government / management / administration◆good government / management / leadership / administration◆firm / strong government / management / leadership / direction◆effective government / management / leadership / regulation / administration / supervision / direction◆weak government / management / leadership◆poor management / leadership / regulation / administration / supervision◆day-to-day government / management / administration / supervision◆general management / regulation / administration / supervision◆government regulation / administration / supervision / direction◆to be responsible for the management / regulation / administration / supervision of sth◆to take over the management / leadership / administration■ government [uncountable] the activity of controlling a country; the way in which a country is controlled （一国的）统治，治理；统治方式；管理方式◆The Nationalists had been in government for most of the 1980s.20世纪80年代的大部分时间都是民族主义者执政。◆Democratic government has now replaced military rule.民主政府现已取代军事统治。 see also govern ⇨ rule verb 1 ■ management [uncountable] the activity of running and controlling a business or other organization; the way in which it is run 经营；管理；管理方式◆She studied hotel management in Munich.她在慕尼黑学过酒店管理。◆The report blames bad management.那份报告将问题归咎于管理不善。◆The company's top-down management style made decision-making slow.该公司最高层决策一切的管理风格致使决策缓慢。 see also management ⇨ management , manage ⇨ run 2 , manager ⇨ manager ■ leadership [uncountable] the activity or position of being a leader; the abilities or qualities needed to be a leader 领导；领导地位；领导才能；领导应有的特质◆The party thrived under her leadership.该党在她的领导下壮大起来。◆In the crisis he showed real leadership.危机中，他展现出真正的领导才能。 see also lead ⇨ lead verb 2 , leader ⇨ leader 1 ■ regulation / /ˌregjuˈleɪʃn/ / the practice of controlling sth by means of rules （运用条规的）管理，控制◆There are calls for tighter regulation of the industry.人们呼吁对这个行业进行更严格的管理。◆Theatre, cinema and broadcasting are all subject to regulation by local authorities.剧院、电影院和广播机构均由地方政府管理。 see also regulation ⇨ rule noun , regulate ⇨ regulate ■ administration [uncountable] the activities that are done in order to plan, organize and run a business or other organization （企业或机构的）管理，行政◆A large part of his job involves routine administration.他的大部分工作涉及日常管理。◆Administration costs are passed on to the customer.行政成本转嫁给了顾客。ⓘ Although administration refers to all the activities needed to organize and run a company which are not the actual business of the company (such as producing or selling a product), it is often used especially to refer to the paperwork necessary, such as filling in forms, writing letters or emails and filing. * administration可指经营公司所需的所有非实际业务（即不属于生产或销售等）的活动，但尤指必要的文书工作，如填表、写信、发电子邮件和文件归档等。 see also administer ⇨ run 2 , administrator ⇨ organizer ■ supervision /ˌsuːpəˈvɪʒn, ˌsjuːpəˈvɪʒn; NAmE ˌsuːpərˈvɪʒn/ [uncountable] the activity of being in charge of sb/sth and making sure that everything is done correctly or safely 监督；管理；主管◆New employees are trained to work without direct supervision.新员工要接受培训，学会在没有直接监督的情况下工作。◆There was inadequate supervision of children in the swimming pool.对游泳池中的儿童照看不足。 see also supervise ⇨ regulate , supervisor ⇨ manager ■ direction [uncountable] (rather formal) the activity of managing or guiding sb/sth 管理；指导◆All the work was produced by the students under the direction of John Williams.所有作品都是在约翰•威廉斯的指导下由学生创作完成的。◆The teacher provided clear direction, but allowed children some autonomy.老师提供了明确的指导，但允许孩子们有一些自主权。 see also direct ⇨ run 2 , director ⇨ manager instructions noun instructions ♦︎ directionsThese are both words for detailed information about how to do sth. 这两个词均表示操作指南、用法说明。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆instructions / directions for / on / as to sth◆clear / precise / detailed / step-by-step / careful instructions / directions◆to give sb / follow instructions / directions◆a series / set of instructions / directions■ instructions [plural] detailed information, often printed, on how to do or use sth （常印在纸上的）用法说明，操作指南◆He gave her instructions on the procedure to be followed.他向她说明了要遵循的步骤。◆Follow the instructions on the packet carefully.仔细按照包装上的说明操作。◆The oven should be serviced according to the manufacturer's instructions.烤箱应按照厂家的操作说明来维护。■ directions [plural] detailed information about how to get somewhere or how to do sth 用法说明；操作指南；旅行指南◆Can you give me directions to the train station?你能告诉我去火车站怎么走吗？◆Simple directions for assembling the model are printed on the box.组装模型的简要说明印在盒子上。◆Let's stop and ask for directions.咱们停下来问问路吧。 way3 noun in a friendly way 以友好的方式the easiest way to do it 做这事最简便的方法the quickest way home 最快的回家之路way ♦︎ route ♦︎ direction ♦︎ line ♦︎ path ♦︎ orbit ♦︎ course ♦︎ bearingThese are all words for the road, or piece of land, water or air that you travel on, across or through in order to get somewhere. 这些词均表示道路、路线。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a way / route / path / course to sth◆a / the way / route / line / path / course from...to...◆a / the way / route / line / path / course through / along / across sth◆on the way / route / path◆in sb / sth's way / line / path◆in the direction / line / path of sth◆the right / wrong way / route / direction / path / course◆the shortest way / route / line / path / course◆the quickest way / route◆a straight line / path / course◆the opposite / other way / direction◆a direct way / route / line / path / course◆to follow a way / a route / a line / a path / an orbit / a course◆to take a way / route / direction / path / course◆to block the / sb / sth's way / route / line / path◆to know the way / route◆to change direction / course■ way [countable, usually singular] the route or road that you must take in order to reach a place; the route that sb/sth is moving along; the general position that sb/sth is moving towards 路线；道路；方向◆I stopped to ask the way.我停下来问路。◆They had to fight their way through the crowd.他们得奋力在人群中挤过去。◆Get out of my way! I'm in a hurry!让开！我有急事！◆She was going my way, so we talked as we walked.她和我同路，所以我们边走边聊。◆They bought some supplies on the way.他们在路上买了些补给品。◆Which way did they go?他们往哪儿边去了？◆He narrowly avoided a car coming the other way (= towards him).他差一点没躲过对面开来的车。■ route [countable] a way that you follow to get from one place to another, especially one that you plan in advance; a fixed way along which a bus, train, etc. regularly travels or goods are regularly sent （尤指事先规划好的）路线，路途；（公共汽车、火车等的）常规路线◆It's the best route into the city from the south.这是从南面进城的最佳路线。◆Motorists are being advised to take an alternative route.建议驾驶者另选道路。◆We'll have to plan our route carefully.我们得仔细计划路线。◆We took the scenic route through the hills.我们选择了山中风景优美的那条路。◆Is the hotel on a bus route?那个旅馆在公交线上吗？◆These were the ancient trade routes between Europe and Asia.这些曾经是欧亚之间的古代贸易之路。▸ route verb [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) ◆Satellites route data all over the globe.卫星向全球各地传递信息。■ direction [countable, uncountable] the general position that sb/sth moves or points towards; the general position that sb/sth comes or develops from 方向；方位；方面◆He ran off in the direction of the river.他朝着河的方向跑走了。◆The plane was flying in a northerly direction.飞机正向北飞去。◆The road was blocked in both directions.这条路双向堵塞。◆When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions.警察赶到后，人群四处散开。◆I had lost all sense of direction (= I did not know which way to go).我已经完全迷失了方向。◆Support came from an unexpected direction.没想到在那个方面获得了支持。 see also direct ⇨ aim verb , direct ⇨ take 2 ■ line [countable, usually singular] the direction that sb/sth is moving or situated in; a route from one place to another, especially when it is used for a particular purpose （行进的）方向；（所处的）方位；（尤指有特定目的的）路线◆They followed the line of the river for three miles.他们沿着那条河走了3英里。◆Try to keep the boat sailing in a straight line.尽量使船保持直线航行。◆They were directly in the line of fire (= the direction that sb is shooting in).他们恰好就在射程之内。◆Their aim was to block the enemy's supply lines (= the route that supplies come along).他们的目的是要封锁敌人的供给线。■ path [countable] a line along which sb/sth moves; the space in front of sb/sth as they move 路线；道路◆The diagram shows the path of the satellite between 10.20 and 10.34.图表显示这颗卫星在10:20和10:34之间的轨迹。◆The avalanche destroyed everything in its path.雪崩所到之处一切尽毁。■ orbit /ˈɔːbɪt; NAmE ˈɔːrbɪt/ [countable, uncountable] a curved path followed by a planet or object as it moves around a star or planet （天体等运行的）轨道◆There are slight changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun.地球环绕太阳的轨道有微小的变化。◆The satellite went into orbit last month.上个月这颗卫星进入轨道。◆He spent eleven months in orbit (= in space).他在太空待了十一个月。 see also orbit ⇨ spin verb ■ course [uncountable, countable, usually singular] the direction or route followed by a ship or aircraft （船或飞机的）航向，航线◆The plane was off course (= was not following the correct route).飞机偏离了航线。◆The ship set a course for (= started to sail towards) the Christmas Islands.该船开始进入去圣诞岛的航线。■ bearing /ˈbeərɪŋ; NAmE ˈberɪŋ/ [countable, usually plural] (technical 术语) a direction measured from a fixed point using a compass （用罗盘确定的）方位◆The log records the ship's bearings, wind direction and speed.航海日志记录了该船的方位、风向和航速。◆You'll learn how to take your bearings with a compass.你将学会用罗盘定位。◆They took compass bearings on the tower.他们在高塔上用罗盘确定了方位。 |