do verb ⇨do1 (do some research)⇨do2 (do well at school)⇨behave (Do as you're told.)⇨go2 (do thousands of miles)⇨learn (do biology/Shakespeare)⇨make1 (do a drawing)⇨play3 (do ‘Hamlet’)⇨pose (do an Irish accent)⇨solve2 (do a puzzle/sum)⇨stay2 (do Tokyo in three days)⇨take9 (do drugs)⇨do something⇨act⇨have/be to do with sth⇨apply2⇨be done⇨finish
do1
verb
do the washing/some research洗衣服；做研究do well at school在学校学习好do ♦︎ carry sth out ♦︎ conduct ♦︎ undertake ♦︎ perform ♦︎ implement ♦︎ commit ♦︎ practise ♦︎ go through sthThese words all mean to work at an activity or task.这些词均表示从事、执行、操作。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to do / carry out / conduct / undertake / perform the work◆to do / carry out / conduct / undertake / perform a / an activity / analysis / investigation / review / assessment / evaluation◆to do / carry out / conduct / undertake business◆to do / carry out / conduct / perform / go through a test◆to do / carry out / undertake / perform a task / job◆to do / carry out / perform / go through a manoeuvre◆to do / carry out / perform / practise surgery◆to do / carry out / implement a plan / policy / strategy◆to do / carry out / conduct / undertake / perform / implement sth effectively / efficiently / properly / successfully◆to do / conduct / perform / implement sth well / poorly■do(does, did, done) [transitive] to work at an activity, task or job从事（工作）；进行（活动）；执行（任务）◆I do aerobics once a week.我每周做一次有氧健身运动。◆I'm doing some research on the subject.我正就这一课题进行研究。◆I have a number of things to do today.我今天有几件事要做。◆What do you do(= what is your job)?你是做什么工作的？◆What did she do for a living?她过去以什么谋生？ⓘ Do is often used to refer to actions that you do not mention by name or do not know about. * do常指做一些没有言明或不甚了解的事情◆What are you doing this evening?今晚你打算做什么？◆There's nothing to do(= no means of passing the time in an enjoyable way) in this place.这地方没什么好玩的。◆The company ought to do something about the poor service.这公司应该采取点措施解决服务差的问题。◆There's nothing we can do about it(= we can't change the situation).我们对此毫无办法。◆What can I do for you(= how can I help)?我能为您做点什么？ⓘ Do is often used with nouns for activities or tasks such as shopping or cleaning. * do常与表示活动或工作的名词如shopping或cleaning连用◆ (BrE) I like listening to the radio when I'm doing the ironing.我喜欢边熨衣服边听收音机。◆She did a lot of acting when she was at college.她上大学时演过很多戏。◆You could help me by doing(= washing) the dishes.你可以帮我洗碗。◆I like the way you've done your hair.我喜欢你梳的发式。■ˌcarry sth ˈout
phrasal verb
(ratherformal) to do and complete a task or action执行，完成（任务）；开展（活动）◆We carry out routine maintenance of the equipment.我们对设备进行日常维护。◆The company has just carried out a major cost-cutting exercise.这家公司刚刚实行了一次重要的削减成本举措。◆The pilot has to carry out a series of complex manoeuvres.飞行员必须完成一系列复杂的机动动作。◆The massacre was carried out by enemy troops.那次大屠杀是敌军干的。ⓘ Carry out is used to talk about work, tasks or crimes; but even in the case of crimes, they are often crimes that have been carefully planned or ordered. * carry out指从事工作、任务或犯罪活动，但即使表示从事犯罪活动，也指精心策划或组织的犯罪。■conduct / /kənˈdʌkt/ / [transitive] (formal) to organize and/or do a particular activity组织；安排；实施◆We conducted the experiment under controlled circumstances.我们是在严格控制的情况下进行那次实验的。◆The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner.那几次谈判是以一种积极的方式组织安排的。◆The interrogation was conducted by senior police officers.担任审问工作的是一些高级警官。ⓘ Conduct is often used with words like enquiry, inquest, interview, interrogation, investigation, survey and study, in which people are trying to get answers to questions. * conduct常与enquiry、inquest、interview、interrogation、investigation、survey和study连用，表示设法给问题找到答案。■undertake / /ˌʌndəˈteɪk; NAmEˌʌndərˈteɪk/ (undertook, undertaken) [transitive] (formal) to make yourself responsible for sth and start doing it承担；从事；负责◆The directors of the company refused to undertake such a risky venture.公司董事拒绝承担这样一个高风险的经营项目。◆A group of enthusiasts has undertaken the reconstruction of a steam locomotive.一群热心者已经承担起一台蒸汽机车的复原工作。ⓘ Undertake is usually used to talk about an important job that a person or group of people takes responsibility for. * undertake通常指承担或负责重要的工作。 see also undertaking ⇨ project■perform [transitive] (ratherformal, especiallywritten) to do sth, such as a piece of work, task or duty做；履行；执行◆A computer can perform many tasks at once.电脑能同时做多项工作。◆She performs an important role in our organization.她在我们的组织中发挥着重要的作用。◆He performed miracles to get everything ready in time.他及时把一切都准备妥当，创造了奇迹。NOTE辨析 Carry out or perform?Carry out places emphasis on the amount of work, especially when this lasts a period of time and is done according to a plan. Perform often emphasizes the skill involved. * carry out强调工作的量，尤其是须持续一段时间和按计划完成的工作；perform常强调工作所涉及的技能◆carry out miracles/an important role◆perform inquiries/a cost-cutting exerciseCarry out, but notperform, can be used to talk about negative actions such as attack, abuse, assault, assassination and killing. * carry out可用于attack、abuse、assault、assassination和killing之类的有害行为，perform则不能。■implement /ˈɪmplɪment/ / [transitive] (ratherformal) to make sth that has been officially decided start to happen or be used实施；贯彻；执行◆We have not yet begun to implement the changes.我们尚未实行这些变革。◆We are implementing a new system of stock control.我们正在实施一种新的库存管理系统。■commit(-tt-) [transitive] to do sth wrong or illegal做（错误或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）◆What leads someone to commit murder?导致人犯谋杀罪的原因是什么？◆We heard of some of the appalling crimes committed against innocent children.我们听到一些对无辜儿童犯下的骇人听闻的罪行。ⓘ Commit collocates with crime, offence, atrocity, outrage and sin and some words for different crimes and sins, including murder, assault, robbery, adultery and blasphemy. To commit suicide is to kill yourself deliberately. * commit与crime、offence、atrocity、outrage和sin搭配，也与表示不同罪行或罪过的词如murder、assault、robbery、adultery和blasphemy搭配。commit suicide指自杀。■practise (BrE) (NAmEpractice) [transitive] (ratherformal) to do sth regularly as part of your normal behaviour经常做（某事）；养成⋯的习惯◆A lot of couples now practise safe sex.许多夫妻现在实行安全性行为。◆Do you still practise your religion?你还奉行你的宗教信仰吗？◆Train yourself to practise self-restraint.对自己进行训练以培养自制力。 see also practice ⇨ usenoun■go through sth
phrasal verb
(went, gone)to perform a series of actions; to follow a method or procedure执行某行动；实行某方法；履行某程序◆Certain formalities have to be gone through before you can emigrate.必须办理一定的手续方能移居他国。◆We go through the same old routine every morning.每天早上我们都要做一遍同一套的例行程序。
do2
verb
do the washing/some research洗衣服；做研究do well at school在学校学习好do ♦︎ go ♦︎ perform ♦︎ fare ♦︎ get on/alongThese verbs are all used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb/sth.这些词均用来询问或谈论事情的进展。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to do / go / perform / fare / get on / get along well◆to do / go / perform brilliantly / excellently / badly◆to do / perform / fare poorly■do(does, did, done) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) (especiallyspoken) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb/sth（谈论或询问时用）进展，进行◆How is the business doing?生意好吗？◆She did well out of(= made a big profit from) the deal.她从这笔交易中赚了不少钱。◆He's doing very well at school(= his work is good).他在学校里学习很不错。◆Both mother and baby are doing well(= after the birth of the baby).母子平安。◆ (informal) How are you doing(= how are you)?你好吗？■go(went, gone) [intransitive] (especiallyspoken) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sth（事情）进展，进行◆'How did your interview go?' 'It went very well, thank you.'“你面试的情况如何？”“非常顺利，谢谢。”◆Did everything go smoothly?一切都顺利吗？◆How's it going(= is your life enjoyable, successful, etc. at the moment)?近况可好？◆The way things are going the company will be bankrupt by the end of the year.从事态发展的情况看，到年底这家公司就会破产。NOTE辨析 Do or go?Do can be used to talk about the progress or success of either a person or a thing; go can only be used to talk about a thing. When you use do to talk about a thing, you are interested in how popular or profitable it is, so do is generally used to talk about the success of sth such as a business or other enterprise. Go is more general, used to describe sth that you experience, such as an event, an interview, a test, or things or life in general. * do可指人或事物的进展与成功，go则仅指事物。用do表示事物的进展时，关注的是受欢迎程度或赢利多少，所以do一般用于谈论生意或业务的成功。go更宽泛些，用于谈论自己经历过的事情，如某一事件，搭配interview、test、things或life等词。■perform [intransitive] (ratherformal) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb/sth, especially in business, sport or a test进展，进行（尤用来询问或谈论生意、运动或考试的情况）◆The company has been performing poorly over the past year.这家公司过去一年业绩欠佳。◆If Rooney performs(= performs well) then I believe England can win.如果鲁尼发挥得好，我相信英格兰队能够获胜。◆She performed less well in the second test.她在第二次测验中表现欠佳。▸performance
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆the country's economic performance这个国家的经济状况◆It was an impressive performance by the French team.那是法国队一次令人叹服的表现。■fare [intransitive] (especiallywritten) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb/sth（谈论或询问时用）进展，进行◆The party fared very badly in the last election.该党上次竞选情况很糟。◆The North, by and large, has fared better than most regions in avoiding high unemployment figures.总的说来，北部地区在避免出现高失业率方面比大多数地区都好些。NOTE辨析 Perform or fare?Perform is more active than fare: a person or company that performs well is successful because of what they do; a person or group that fares well is successful, or just lucky, because good things happen to them or the conditions are right for them. Both these words are used to talk about people, groups or organizations, but not events. * perform的主动性比fare强，perform well指个人或公司因自身的努力而业绩突出，fare well指个人或群体取得成功，也可能只是幸运，即好事降临在他们头上或者情况有利于他们。两个词都用于人、群体或组织，不用于事件◆The interview performed/fared well.■ˌget ˈon■ˌget aˈlong
phrasal verb
(getting, got, got; NAmEspokengetting, got, gotten) (especially BrE, ratherinformal) used to talk or ask about the success or progress of sb（谈论或询问某人的情况）进展，进行◆He's getting on very well at school.他在学校里学习很好。◆I went to see how they were getting along.我去看了他们的工作进展情况。ⓘ When get on/along is used with an adverb, it is usually well; it is not common to talk about sb getting on/along badly. The subject of get on/along is usually a person or small group of people in an informal context; it is not used to talk about businesses, organizations or events. * get on/along后接副词时通常接well，一般不说某人get on/along badly。在非正式语境中，get on/along的主语通常是一个人或一小组人，而不是生意、组织或事件。
behave
verb
behave ♦︎ treat ♦︎ do ♦︎ act ♦︎ conduct yourselfThese words all mean to do things in a particular way.这些词均表示以特定的方式行事。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to behave / treat sb / act / conduct yourself as if / though sth were the case◆to behave / treat sb / act / conduct yourself like sb / sth◆to behave / treat sb / act / conduct yourself with sth◆to behave / act in a particular way towards sb◆to behave / treat sb / act / conduct yourself properly◆to behave / treat sb / conduct yourself well◆to behave / treat sb / act appropriately / reasonably / accordingly / differently / with dignity◆to behave / treat sb / sth badly / abominably◆to behave / act sensibly / stupidly / normally / strangely / suspiciously / aggressively◆to treat sb / act fairly / unfairly / unjustly / wrongly■behave [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to do things in a particular way（以特定的方式）行事；表现◆They behaved very badly towards their guests.他们对客人很不礼貌。◆He behaved like a true gentleman.他的行为像个真正的绅士。◆She behaved with great dignity.她表现得很尊贵。◆He behaved as if nothing had happened.他显得像是什么都没发生过。ⓘ In spoken English people often use like instead of as if or as though, especially in American English.在口语中，尤其是美式英语中，常用like代替as if或as though◆He behaved like nothing had happened.他显得像是什么都没发生过。This is considered incorrect in written British English.在英式书面英语中，此用法被视为不正确。▸behaviour (BrE) (NAmEbehavior)
noun
[uncountable] ◆good / bad behaviour良好／恶劣行为◆His behaviour towards her was becoming more and more aggressive.他对待她的态度越来越蛮横。■treat [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to behave in a particular way towards sb/sth以⋯态度对待；以⋯方式对待◆You should treat people with more respect.你待人该多些尊重。◆Treat your keyboard with care and it should last for years.爱惜你的键盘，这样就可以用上很多年。◆My parents still treat me like a child.我父母仍然把我当成孩子。▸treatment
noun
[uncountable] ◆the brutal treatment of political prisoners对政治犯的虐待◆Certain city areas have been singled out for special treatment.某些城区已划出要进行特别治理。■do(does, did, done) [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to behave in the way mentioned（以某种方式）做；行动；表现◆Do as you're told!照吩咐的去做！◆They are free to do as they please.他们想怎么做就怎么做。◆Just do what they tell you to do.照他们所说的去做就是了。◆Do whatever you like.你喜欢做什么就做什么。ⓘ In this meaning do is usually followed by as, but can also be followed by what or whatever.表达此义时，do通常与as引导的从句连用，亦可与what或whatever引导的从句连用。■act [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to behave in a particular way表现；行事◆John's been acting very strangely lately.近来约翰的行为怪得很。◆Stop acting like spoilt children!别像惯坏的孩子那样胡闹了！◆She was acting as if she'd seen a ghost.她表现得像是见到鬼一样。◆You acted very wisely in coming to me.你来找我很明智。ⓘ See the note about like, as if and as though at behave.有关like、as if和as though的注释见上面的分词条behave。NOTE辨析 Behave or act?Behave is usually used to talk about sb's general behaviour, not a particular action. * behave通常表示一般性的而非具体的行为◆You behaved very wisely in coming to me.Behave is used to talk about how well, how sensibly or how normally sb has behaved, but not how fairly or legally. * behave可以表示行为好坏、是否明智或正常，但不能表示行为是否公正或合法◆to behave well / impeccably / sensibly / suspiciously表现好；表现得无可挑剔／很明智／令人起疑◆to behave unfairly/illegally/unlawfully/wronglyAct is used to talk about how sensibly, how normally, how fairly or how legally sb has behaved, but not how well. * act可以表示行为是否明智、正常、公正或合法，但不能表示行为好坏◆to act wisely / out of character / fairly / unlawfully行事明智／不符合某人的性格／公正；行为不合法◆to act well/impeccably/badly/abominably■conˈduct yourself [transitive] (formal) (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to behave in a particular way表现；行事◆He conducted himself far better than expected.他表现得比预料的要好得多。◆The report challenges them to examine how they conduct themselves in the workplace.报告迫使他们检讨自己在工作场所的行为。▸conduct /ˈkɒndʌkt; NAmEˈkɑːndʌkt/
noun
[uncountable] (formal) ◆We need to improve standards of training and professional conduct.我们需要提高培训和职业操守的水准。◆The sport has a strict code of conduct.该项体育运动有严格的行为规范。
go2
verb
go into the kitchen进厨房go to China去中国go ♦︎ fly ♦︎ travel ♦︎ come ♦︎ do ♦︎ drive ♦︎ ride ♦︎ run ♦︎ coverThese words all mean to move between different places, especially over a long distance.这些词均表示行走、旅行，尤指长途旅行。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to go / fly / travel / come / drive / ride / run from / to sth◆to go / fly / travel / come / drive / ride with sb◆to go / fly / travel / come / do / drive / ride / cover 50 miles / 1 000 km◆to go / travel / come by air / sea / boat / ship / train / car◆to go / travel / come / do sth / cover sth on foot◆to go / fly / travel / come / drive east / north / south / west◆to go / travel / come / drive overland◆to travel / come / drive a long distance■go(goes, went, gone) [intransitive] to make a journey from one place to another; to do so over a particular distance去；前往；旅行，行走（一段距离）◆I usually go to work by bus.我一般乘公共汽车上班。◆She's gone to Brazil on vacation.她去巴西度假去了。◆I have to go to Rome on business.我得到罗马出差。◆Here's a list of things to remember before you go.这是你走之前要记住去做的事情清单。◆We had gone many miles without seeing another car.我们走了很多英里，一路都没有见到其他汽车。ⓘ Been, not gone, is used as the past participle when sb has gone to a place and come back.表示某人去过某地并已返回，过去分词用been，不用gone◆She has gone to China(= she is now in China or is on her way there).她去中国了。◆She's been to China(= she went to China and has now returned).她去过中国。 see also go ⇨ leave1■fly(flew, flown) [intransitive, transitive] to go on a journey in an aircraft（搭飞机）飞行，飞越◆When are you flying to Bangkok?你何时飞往曼谷？◆It was the first time I'd ever flown.那是我第一次乘飞机。◆She always flies business class.她搭飞机总是坐商务舱。◆Who was the first person to fly the Atlantic(= travel over it in an aircraft)?谁是飞越大西洋的第一人？ see also fly ⇨ drive1, fly ⇨ fly1■travel(-ll-, NAmE-l-) [intransitive, transitive] to go from one place to another, especially over a long distance（尤指长途）行走，旅行；游历◆I spent a year travelling around Africa.我花了一年时间周游非洲。◆Here are some tips on how to keep healthy while you're travelling.以下是一些旅行时保持健康的小窍门。◆He went travelling(= spent time visiting different places) for six months.他在外旅行了六个月。◆We travelled the length and breadth of(= all over) the country.我们游遍了全国。◆Children under five travel free.五岁以下儿童免费乘坐。 see also travel ⇨ travelnoun, traveller ⇨ passenger■come(came, come) [intransitive, transitive] to make a journey to a place; to make a journey of a particular length, in a particular type of vehicle, etc.来（到）；（乘某种交通工具）到达，抵达◆People came from all over the world to settle here.人们从世界各地来这里定居。◆How far have you come?你从多远的地方来的？◆He came to England by ship.他坐船来到英格兰。 see also come in ⇨ enterNOTE辨析 Go or come?Go is used when speaking from the point of view of sb who is at the place where the journey starts. Come expresses the point of view of sb who is at the place where the journey ends. * go是从位于行程起点的人的角度来讲，come是从位于行程终点的人的角度来讲◆We're going to Australia to visit our daughter.我们要去澳大利亚探望女儿。◆I hope you can come to Australia to visit us.我希望你能来澳大利亚探望我们。■do(does, did, done) [transitive] to travel a particular distance or go at a particular speed; to complete a journey走过（一段路程）；（以某种速度）走完，完成（旅程）◆How many miles did you do yesterday?你昨天走了多少英里？◆My car does 40 miles to the gallon(= uses one gallon of petrol to travel 40 miles).我的汽车每耗1加仑汽油可行驶40英里。◆The car was doing 90 miles an hour.那辆汽车当时时速为90英里。◆We did the round trip(= went there and back) in under three hours.我们来回一趟用了不到三个小时。■drive(drove, driven) [intransitive, transitive] to make a journey by road, especially in a car在公路上行进（尤指开车）◆Shall we drive or go by train?我们开车去还是坐火车去？◆We must have driven over 600 kilometres today.我们今天肯定开了600公里以上。◆We drove the rest of the way in silence.余下的路上我们开着车，默不作声。 see also drive ⇨ driveverb1, drive ⇨ flightnoun■ride(rode, ridden) [intransitive, transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition通常与副词或介词连用) (especially NAmE) to travel in a vehicle, especially as a passenger搭乘；乘坐◆The men loaded my stuff onto the pick-up and I rode with them in the cab.那几个人把我的东西放到小货车上，我和他们一同坐进驾驶室开走了。◆You could ride right along the coast by tram.你可以坐有轨电车沿着海边走。◆ (NAmE) He rides the subway every day.他每天都坐地铁。 see also ride ⇨ flightnoun■run(running, ran, run) [intransitive](of a bus, train, etc.) to travel on a particular route（公共汽车、火车等沿特定路线）行驶◆The buses run every thirty minutes.那些公共汽车每三十分钟一班。◆He claimed that 95 per cent of trains run on time.他声称95%的火车正点行驶。◆The train was running late(= was not going to arrive on time).那列火车晚点了。ⓘ Run is usually used to talk about how often or at what times there are buses, trains, etc. * run通常用于谈论公共汽车、火车等的班次或发车时间。■cover [transitive] to travel the distance mentioned行走（⋯长的路程）◆We must have covered over 20 miles.我们一定走了20多英里。◆I covered a lot of ground rapidly and soon caught up with them.我快速地走了很长一段路，很快就追上了他们。
learn
verb
learn ♦︎ study ♦︎ know ♦︎ acquire ♦︎ do ♦︎ memorize ♦︎ pick sth up ♦︎ master ♦︎ get the hang of sth ♦︎ revise ♦︎ learn/know sth by heart ♦︎ reviewThese words all mean to gain knowledge or skill by studying, from experience or from being taught.这些词均表示学会知识或技能。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to learn / know / pick up sth from sb / sth◆to study / revise / review (sth) for sth◆to learn / know / memorize / pick up / master / get the hang of what...◆to learn / know / master / get the hang of how...◆to learn / study to be sth◆to learn / study / know / do / pick up / master a language◆to learn / study / know / do / pick up / master French / Arabic, etc.◆to learn / study / know / do / master / revise / review a subject◆to learn / study / do / revise / review geography / biology, etc.◆to learn / acquire / pick up / master a skill◆to learn / do / memorize a poem / speech◆to memorize a number◆to learn / know a poem / speech / number (off) by heart◆to quickly learn / pick up / master sth◆to thoroughly learn / study / master / revise / review sth◆to study / revise hard■learn(learnt, learntorlearned, learned) [transitive, intransitive] to gain knowledge or skill by studying, from experience or from being taught; to read and repeat sth in order to be able to remember it学；学习；学会；熟记◆I've forgotten most of what I learned at school.上学时学的东西我大部分都忘记了。◆She's still quite young and she's got a lot to learn.她还年轻，有很多东西要学。◆She's very interested in learning more about Japanese culture.她很想多了解日本文化。◆I'll need to learn how to use the new software.我得要学习怎样使用这种新软件。◆He learned to ride when he was about three years old.他大约三岁时就学会了骑马。◆You'll have to learn your lines(= for an acting part) by next week.你下周前必须把台词背熟。◆Most of the kids here are eager to learn.这里的大多数孩子都很好学。◆All children learn through play(= by playing).所有孩子都从玩耍中学习。◆We have to learn one of Hamlet's speeches for school tomorrow.我们明天上学得背诵哈姆雷特的一段台词。 see also learning ⇨ educationnoun■study [intransitive, transitive] to spend time learning about a subject by reading, doing research or going to school or college学习；攻读◆Michael studied at Sussex University.迈克尔曾就读于萨塞克斯大学。◆He sat up very late that night, studying.那天晚上他学习到深夜。◆As a young composer he studied under Nadia Boulanger(= Nadia Boulanger taught him to be a composer).他年轻时师从纳迪亚•布朗热学习作曲。◆Did you ever study any sciences?你是否曾学习过自然科学？◆She's studying to be an architect.她在学建筑。ⓘ In American English study is the usual word for talking about preparing for a test or exam.在美式英语中，复习备考通常用study◆I have two tests tomorrow, and I've barely had time to study.明天我要参加两个测验，可我几乎没有时间复习功课。◆I was up late studying for my biology final.我熬夜复习功课，准备生物学期末考试。In British English the usual word for this is revise.在英式英语中，表达此义通常用revise。 see also study ⇨ educationnoun■know(knew, known) [transitive] to have learned a skill or language; to have gained knowledge of sth学会，掌握，熟悉（技能或语言）◆Do you know how to use spreadsheets?你知道怎样使用电子数据表吗？◆Do you know any Japanese?你会日语吗？◆He knows this city better than anyone.他比任何人都要熟悉这座城市。 see also knowledge ⇨ knowledge■acquire / /əˈkwaɪə(r)/ / [transitive] (formal) to gain knowledge or a skill获得，得到（知识或技能）◆She has acquired a good knowledge of English.她英语已经学得很好了。◆He decided to put his newly acquired skills to the test.他决定尝试一下自己新学到的技巧。 see also acquire ⇨ get1▸acquisition / /ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/ /
noun
[uncountable] ◆theories of child language acquisition儿童语言习得理论■do(does, did, done) [transitive] to study a subject, topic, book, etc., especially as a class at school or college学习，研究（尤指参加学校的课程）◆I'm doing physics, chemistry and biology.我在学习物理、化学和生物。◆Have you done any(= studied anything by) Keats?你研究过济慈的作品吗？■memorize (memorise) / /ˈmeməraɪz/ / [transitive] to learn sth carefully so that you can remember it exactly记住◆She had memorized his phone number.她已经记住了他的电话号码。◆Each night I tried to memorize long lists of verbs.每天晚上我都努力把一长串一长串的动词记起来。 see also memory ⇨ memory■ˌpick sth ˈup
phrasal verb
(ratherinformal) to get information or gain a skill by chance, without making a deliberate effort（偶然）得到，听到，学会◆I picked up one or two words of Thai while I was on vacation.度假期间我学了一两句泰语。◆This is a tip I picked up from my mother.这个窍门是我从我妈那里学来的。■master /ˈmɑːstə(r); NAmEˈmæstər/ [transitive] to learn or understand sth thoroughly精通；掌握◆Once you've mastered the basics, you can begin to experiment a little.一旦你掌握了基本原理，就可以开始做一些尝试了。■get the ˈhang of sth
idiom
(getting, got, got; NAmEspokengetting, got, gotten) (informal) to learn how to do or use sth掌握⋯的要领；了解⋯的方法◆It seems tricky at first but you'll soon get the hang of it.刚开始似乎很难对付，不过很快你就能掌握其要领。◆I never quite got the hang of riding a bike.我一直没能掌握骑自行车的要领。■revise [intransitive, transitive] (BrE) to prepare for an exam by looking again at sth you have studied and reminding yourself of what you have learned复习；温习◆I can't come out tonight－I'm revising.我今晚不能出去，我在复习。◆She's revising for her exams at the moment.目前她正在复习备考。◆Have you revised geography yet?你复习完地理了吗？▸revision
noun
[uncountable] ◆Have you started your revision yet?你开始复习了吗？■learn sth by ˈheart■know sth by ˈheart
idiom
(learnt, learntorlearned, learned; knew, known)to learn and be able to remember sth such as a poem or set of facts exactly背熟；记住◆He was told to learn the passage by heart.他被告知要把这段文章背熟。◆ (BrE) I had dialled the number so often that I knew it off by heart.这个号码我拨过很多次，都记住了。■review [transitive, intransitive] (especially NAmE) to look again at sth you have learned or studied, especially in order to prepare for a test（尤指为备考而）温习，复习◆Take a little time to review your notes the evening before.前一天晚上你可以花点时间把笔记复习一下。ⓘ If you are talking about an individual student, review must take an object.以单个学生作主语时，review后面必须接宾语◆I need to review for my math final.Use study instead.但这种情况可以用study◆I need to study for my math final.我需要温习功课，准备数学期末考试。However, if you are talking about a teacher leading the class in a review, review can be used with or without an object.但如果是指老师带领全班同学复习功课，review后面接不接宾语均可◆I think it would be a good idea to review the material in chapter 10.我觉得复习第10章的内容是个好主意。◆Next week we're going to be reviewing for the final.下周我们要复习，准备期末考试。▸review
noun
[countable, uncountable] ◆I should have time for a quick review of my notes before the test.测验前我应该有时间把笔记过一遍。◆We'll have time at the end of class for review.接近下课时我们会有时间进行复习。
make1
verb
make your own clothes自己做衣服make a profit获利make a living谋生It made me think.那件事促使我思考。cookmake a cakeforcebe made to work hard➡ See also the entries for ⇨ develop2 and ⇨ manufacture另见develop条第2义和manufacture条make ♦︎ do ♦︎ create ♦︎ produce ♦︎ build ♦︎ generate ♦︎ formThese words all mean to make sth from parts or materials, or to cause sth to exist or happen.这些词均表示制造、产生。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to make / create / produce / build / generate / form sth from / out of sth◆to make / form sth into sth◆to make / do / create / produce a drawing / painting◆to make / do / produce a sketch◆to make / create / produce a meal◆to make / produce wine◆Who made / created the universe / world?◆to create / produce / generate income / profits / wealth◆to produce / generate electricity / heat / power◆to make / create / produce a / an noise / impression◆to make / create a fuss / mess◆to create / build / form a picture of past societies■make(made, made) [transitive] to create or prepare sth by combining materials or putting parts together; to cause sth to exist or happen制造；做；组装；产生◆She makes her own clothes.她自己做衣服。◆Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是用葡萄做的。◆The grapes are made into wine.这些葡萄用来酿酒。◆What's your shirt made of?你的衬衣是什么料子的？◆She made us all coffee.她给我们大家冲了咖啡。◆He has made(= directed or acted in)several movies.他已经出了好几部电影。◆She tried to make a good impression on the interviewer.她努力给面试官留个好印象。 see also making ⇨ production■do(does, did, done) [transitive] (ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) to make or prepare sth, especially sth artistic or sth to eat做，做出，创作（艺术品或食物）◆He did a beautiful drawing of a house.他画了一幅房屋的素描，很美。◆Who's doing the food for the party?谁负责操办宴会的饮食？◆Does this pub do(= provide) lunches?这家酒馆供应午餐吗？◆I'll do a copy for you.我将为你复制一份。◆I'll do you a copy.我将复制一份给你。■create [transitive] to make sth exist or happen, especially sth new that did not exist before创造；创作；创建◆Scientists disagree about how the universe was created.科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的意见不一。◆The government plans to create more jobs for young people.政府计划为年轻人创造更多的就业机会。◆Create a new directory and put all your files into it.创建一个新目录，然后把所有的文件都放进去。 see also creation ⇨ development, creative ⇨ creative, creator ⇨ designerNOTE辨析 Make or create?Make is a more general word and is more often used to talk about physical things: you would usually make a table/dress/cake but create jobs/wealth. You can use create to talk about sth physical in order to emphasize how original or unusual the object is. * make含义更宽泛，多指制造物质性的东西，如make a table/dress/cake（制造桌子；做连衣裙；做蛋糕）；但创造就业机会或财富用create jobs/wealth。要强调某物品或实体是原创的或不同寻常，用create◆Try this new dish, created by our head chef.尝尝这道新菜吧，是我们主厨首创的。➡ See also the entry for ⇨ cause另见cause条■produce [transitive] to create sth using skill; to create power or money（运用技巧）制作，做出；创造（财富）；产生（电）◆She produced a delicious meal out of a few leftovers.她利用几样剩下的东西烹制出一顿美味饭菜。◆He argued that wealth is produced by the labour power of the workers.他论证财富是工人的劳动创造出来的。 see also produce ⇨ manufacture■build(built, built) [transitive] to create sth, especially a way of life or an impression that you develop and improve over a period of time创建，建立（生活方式或印象）◆She's built a new career for herself.她为自己创出了一番新的事业。◆This information will help us build a picture of his attacker.这条信息将帮助我们描画出袭击他的人的相貌。■generate [transitive] to produce or create sth, especially power, money or ideas创造（财富）；产生（电或主意）◆The wind turbines are used to generate electricity.风力涡轮机用来发电。◆The lottery is expected to generate substantial funds for charity.发行彩票有望为慈善机构筹集大量资金。◆Brainstorming is a good way of generating ideas.集思广益是产生点子的好办法。■form [transitive, often passive] to make sth from sth else; to make sth into sth else制作；组成；制成◆Rearrange the letters to form a new word.重新排列字母，组成另一单词。◆Do you know how to form the past tense?你知道怎样构成过去时吗？◆The chain is formed from 136 links.这根链条由136个链节组成。 see also form ⇨ shapeverb
play3
verb
children playing孩子们在玩耍play football/for England/against France踢足球；代表英格兰参赛；跟法国队比赛play the piano/the role of Hamlet弹钢琴；扮演哈姆雷特play ♦︎ perform ♦︎ stage ♦︎ do ♦︎ produce ♦︎ act ♦︎ put sth on ♦︎ presentThese words all mean to play a musical instrument, sing, act in a play, etc., especially to entertain an audience.这些词均表示演奏、演唱或扮演。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to play / perform / do a piece◆to play / act a role / part◆to perform / stage / do / produce / act in / put on / present a play / show◆to perform / stage / do / act in / put on a production◆to stage / do / put on / present a / an performance / concert / exhibition◆a band / musician plays / performs / does sth◆a company stages / does / produces / puts on / presents a play / show◆to play / perform / stage / act / present sth well◆to play / perform / stage / present sth brilliantly◆to play / perform / act sth together◆to play / perform / do sth live / in public■play [transitive, intransitive] to make music on a musical instrument; to take a part in a play or film演奏（乐器）；（在戏剧或电影中）扮演◆I'm learning to play the piano.我正学弹钢琴。◆Play us that new piece.给我们演奏那首新曲子吧。◆In the distance a band was playing.远处有个乐队在演奏。◆The part of the Queen was played by Helen Mirren.女王这一角色由海伦•米伦扮演。◆He had always wanted to play Othello.他一直想扮演奥赛罗。■perform [transitive, intransitive] to entertain an audience by playing a piece of music, acting in a play, etc.演出；表演◆The play was first performed in 1987.该剧于1987年首演。◆I'd like to hear it performed live.我希望能听现场演出。◆I'm looking forward to seeing you perform.我期待着看你演出。 see also performance ⇨ performance, performer ⇨ actor■stage [transitive] (especiallywritten) to organize a play or event for people to see上演；举办；举行◆The local theatre group is staging a production of 'Hamlet'.当地剧团在上演《哈姆雷特》。◆They're staging an exhibition in the church hall.他们正在教堂大厅里办展览。◆Birmingham has bid to stage the next national athletics championships.伯明翰申办了下届全国田径锦标赛。 see also stage ⇨ drama■do(does, did, done) [transitive] (ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) to perform or organize a performance of a play, opera, concert, etc.演出，编排（戏剧、歌剧、音乐会等）◆The local dramatic society is doing 'Hamlet' next month.当地剧社下月上演《哈姆雷特》。■produce [transitive] to be in charge of preparing a play, film or television programme for the public to see制作，拍摄（戏剧、电影或电视节目）◆She produced a TV series about adopted children.她拍摄了一部描写被收养儿童的电视系列片。 see also production ⇨ performance■act [intransitive, transitive] to perform a part in a play or film扮演（戏剧或电影中的角色）◆Most of the cast act well.这出戏大多数演员演得不错。◆He just can't act(= acts very badly).他根本不会演戏。◆The play was well acted.这出戏演得不错。◆She is acting the role of Juliet.她在演朱丽叶这一角色。 see also acting ⇨ drama, actor ⇨ actorNOTE辨析 Play or act?In this meaning, act can be used with an object (act a part/role) as well as without (He just can't act.); play can only be used with an object. It is more common to talk about a person playing rather than acting a role or part. People usually talk about acting a part when they are talking about sb pretending to be a particular type of person in everyday life.表达此义时，act可以带宾语，如act a part/role，也可以不带，如He just can't act。play必须带宾语。表示扮演某个角色较常用play，而不用act。表示在日常生活中装成某类人时通常用act◆I found myself acting the part of the happy newly-married wife.我发现自己正假扮成一个幸福的新婚妻子。A play or film as a whole is acted, notplayed.谈论戏剧或电影的整体表演，用act而不用play。◆The play/film was well played. see also act ⇨ pretend■ˌput sth ˈon
phrasal verb
(putting, put, put)to organize or produce a play or event for people to see举办；上演；展出◆The local drama club is putting on 'Macbeth' at the Playhouse.当地的剧社正在剧场演出《麦克白》。■present [transitive] (written) to organize or produce a play or event for people to see举办；上演；展出◆Compass Theatre Company presents a new production of 'King Lear'.罗经剧团推出了全新制作的《李尔王》。◆We plan to present the film uncensored and without commercial breaks.我们计划推出这部影片的未经删剪版，且不插入任何广告。NOTE辨析 Stage, put sth on or present?You can stage, put on or present a live performance, show, play, concert or exhibition. You can present a film or a programme that has been recorded, but you cannot stage or put on a film. Put on is used especially to talk about amateur(= not professional)performances. * stage、put on或present可以与现场演出如performance、show、play、concert搭配，或与exhibition搭配。present与film或录制好的节目搭配，但是stage或put on不能与film搭配。put on尤指业余演出。
pose
verb
pose ♦︎ do ♦︎ imitate ♦︎ impersonate ♦︎ mimic ♦︎ pass sb/yourself off as sb/sthThese words all mean to copy the way sb speaks or behaves, either in order to deceive people or to entertain them.这些词均表示冒充、模仿。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to pose / pass yourself off as sb / sth◆to pose as / imitate / impersonate / mimic / pass yourself off as somebody◆to pose as / impersonate / pass yourself off as a journalist / reporter / customer / doctor / scientist / police officer◆to do / imitate / mimic an / sb's accent◆to imitate / mimic sb's speech■pose [intransitive] to pretend to be sb in order to deceive other people佯装，冒充，假扮（意在欺骗）◆The gang entered the building posing as workmen.这伙匪徒冒充工人混进了大楼。■do [transitive] (does, did, done)to copy the way a well-known perfomer speaks or sings, especially in order to entertain people; to speak in a particular accent仿效，扮成（知名艺人，尤指为了娱乐）；模仿（口音）◆He does a great Elvis Presley.他模仿猫王维妙维肖。◆Can you do a Welsh accent?你能模仿威尔士口音吗？■imitate / /ˈɪmɪteɪt/ / [transitive] to copy the way sb speaks or behaves, in order to show your lack of respect for the person, and/or to make people laugh模仿（某人的言谈举止，以示轻视或为了逗乐）◆She knew that the girls used to imitate her and laugh at her behind her back.她知道那些女孩子过去常在背地里模仿她、嘲笑她。◆He tried to imitate my Scots accent and we both laughed.他试着模仿我的苏格兰口音，结果我俩都大笑起来。 see also imitation ⇨ parody■impersonate / /ɪmˈpɜːsəneɪt; NAmEɪmˈpɜːrsəneɪt/ [transitive] to pretend to be sb in order to deceive people or to entertain them冒充，假扮，扮演（意在欺骗或娱乐）◆He was caught trying to impersonate a security guard.他企图假扮警卫被抓获。◆They do a pretty good job of impersonating Laurel and Hardy.他们模仿劳雷尔和哈迪很成功。 see also impersonation ⇨ parody■mimic /ˈmɪmɪk/ / [transitive] to copy the way sb speaks or behaves, especially in order to show your lack of respect for the person, and make other people laugh模仿（某人的言谈举止，尤指为了表示轻视或逗乐）◆She's always mimicking the teachers.她总是在模仿老师的言谈举止。◆He mimicked her accent.他模仿她的口音。NOTE辨析 Imitate or mimic?Mimic is usually used to talk about copying sb's speech or behaviour in an unkind way; imitate may or may not be unkind. * mimic通常指恶意地模仿某人的言谈举止；imitate可以有恶意，也可以没有。■ˌpass sb ˈoff as sb/sth■ˌpass yourself ˈoff as sb/sth
phrasal verb
to pretend, and make people believe, that sb is sth that they are not, or that you are sth that you are not装作；佯装；假装◆He escaped by passing himself off as a guard.他伪装成看守得以逃脱。ⓘ When you use pass sb/yourself off as sb/sth you place emphasis on the fact that sb has successfully managed to deceive people. * pass sb/yourself off as sb/sth强调欺骗得逞这一事实。
solve2
verb
solve a dispute解决纠纷solve a mystery解开奥秘solve ♦︎ work sth out ♦︎ figure sb/sth out ♦︎ do ♦︎ clear sth up ♦︎ crackThese words all mean to find the correct answer or explanation for sth.这些词均表示解答、破解。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to work out / figure out how / what / where / who / why...◆to solve / work out / do a / an puzzle / equation◆to solve / clear up / crack a case / mystery◆to solve / clear up a crime / murder / question■solveto find the solution to a problem or explanation for sth that is difficult to understand or explain解答（难题）；破解◆We were given clues to help us solve the puzzle.我们得到了有助于解决这个难题的线索。◆The mystery has not yet been completely solved.这个奥秘尚未完全解开。■ˌwork sth ˈout
phrasal verb
(especially BrE, ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) to think about sth until you understand it, especially how to do sth, what has happened or how or why it happened搞清楚，弄明白（尤指事情的原委）◆I'm trying to work out how I could possibly have spent $150 last night.我试图弄明白昨晚怎么会花了150元。◆'Where could she have got to?' 'You work it out for yourself.'“她会去了哪儿呢？”“你自己去弄清楚吧。”■ˌfigure sb/sth ˈout
phrasal verb
(especially NAmE, ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) to think about sth until you understand it, especially how to do sth, what has happened, how or why it happened or why sb behaves as they do弄懂，弄清楚，弄明白（尤指事情的原委或某人的行为）◆I can't figure out how to do this.我弄不懂这件事该怎样做。◆I've never been able to figure her out.我从未能够摸透过她。NOTE辨析 Work sth out or figure sb/sth out?Work sth out is used more in British English and figure sb/sth out is used more in American English. However, if you are talking about understanding sb's character and behaviour figure sb out is used in both British and American English. * work sth out更多用于英式英语，figure sb/sth out更多用于美式英语。不过，表示弄明白某人的性格或行为时，英式和美式英语都用figure sb out。■do(does, did, done) [transitive] to find the answer to a puzzle or problem, especially a word puzzle or maths problem解答，解决（尤指字谜或数学题）◆Are you good at doing crosswords?你擅长填纵横字谜吗？◆I can't do this sum.我不会做这道算术题。■ˌclear sth ˈup
phrasal verb
(ratherinformal) to solve or explain sth that is mysterious or confusing解答，解决，解释（谜团或不清楚的事情）◆Police are desperate to have this murder cleared up.警方极想侦破这起谋杀案。◆We need to clear this matter up before we can offer him the job.我们需要先澄清这件事，然后才能给他这份工作。■crack [transitive] (ratherinformal) to find the solution to sth such as a crime or puzzle(= a game designed to test mental problem-solving skills)找到解决（罪案或智力题）的办法◆'How's the investigation going?' 'I think we've cracked it.'“调查工作进展如何？”“我认为我们已经查明真相。”◆A team of experts finally cracked the code(= found out what it meant).一组专家终于破译了这个密码。
stay2
verb
stay where you are待在原地stay at a hotel住旅馆stay ♦︎ visit ♦︎ stop over ♦︎ doThese words all mean to go to or live in a place for a short time.这些词均表示在某处暂住、做客或短期逗留。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆stay / visit / stop over for two nights, a week, etc.◆stay / stop over in / at a place◆to come / go to stay / visit■stay [intransitive] to live in a place temporarily as a guest or visitor暂住；逗留◆I'm staying at a hotel near the beach.我住在海滩附近的一家旅馆里。◆She's staying with her sister.眼下她在妹妹家暂住。◆He stayed for over a week.他住了一个多星期。◆Come and stay any time!欢迎随时来做客！ see also stay ⇨ visitnoun■visit [intransitive, transitive] to stay somewhere for a short time（短暂地）做客，逗留◆We don't live here. We're just visiting.我们不住在这里，只是短期停留。◆Next time you visit the States you'll have to come and see us.下次来美国你一定要来看我们。 see also visit ⇨ visitnoun, visitor ⇨ tourist■ˌstop ˈover
phrasal verb
(-pp-)to stay somewhere for a short time during a long journey（长途旅行期间）中途停留◆We had to stop over in Kuala Lumpur for a night.我们中途得在吉隆坡停留一夜。 see also stopover ⇨ visitnoun, stop by ⇨ visitverb■do(does, did, done) [transitive] (informal) to visit a place as a tourist观光；游览◆We did Tokyo in three days.我们在东京游览了三天。
take9
verb
take your things with you把你的东西带上take sb home领某人回家take your books off the table把你的书从桌子上拿开I passed him the rope and he took it.我把绳子递给他，他接了过去。take a job/bribes/sb's advice接受一份工作／贿赂／某人的建议take an opportunity把握机会take the blame承担过错的责任He took the painting for a genuine Van Gogh.他误以为这幅画是凡•高的真迹。take drugs吸毒take ♦︎ use ♦︎ doThese words all mean to put drugs or medicine into your body.这些词均表示服药。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to take / use / do drugs◆to take / use heroin■take(took, taken) [transitive] to put medicine or drugs in your body服（药）；吸（毒）◆The doctor has given me some medicine to take for my cough.医生已给我开了些药治咳嗽。◆He started taking drugs(= illegal drugs) at college.他上大学时开始吸毒。■use [transitive, intransitive] to take illegal drugs吸（毒）◆Most of the inmates here have used drugs at some point in their lives.这里的大多数囚犯都在人生的某个阶段服用过毒品。◆ (slang) She's been using since she was 13.她13岁起就长期吸毒。■do(does, did, done) [transitive] (informal) to take illegal drugs吸（毒）◆He doesn't smoke, drink or do drugs.他不抽烟，不喝酒，也不吸毒。
act
verb
act ♦︎ do something ♦︎ take action ♦︎ take steps ♦︎ move ♦︎ make a, your, etc. moveThese words all mean to deal with a situation in a particular way.这些词均表示行动、采取措施。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to act / take action / take steps / move / make your move against sb / sth◆to act / do something / take action / take steps / move to do sth◆to act / do something / take action / take steps / move / make your move immediately◆to act / do something / take action / move quickly■act [intransitive] to do sth for a particular purpose or in order to deal with a situation行动；做事◆It is vital that we act to stop the destruction of the rainforests.至关重要的是，我们应该采取行动制止破坏雨林。◆The girl's life was saved because the doctors acted so promptly.多亏医生行动迅速，女孩的生命得救了。◆He claims he acted in self-defence.他声称自己是出于自卫。ⓘ Act in this meaning is often followed by an adverb relating to speed or urgency. * act表达此义时，常后接表示迅速或紧急之意的副词◆They acted at once / immediately / promptly / quickly / swiftly.他们立即采取了行动。Act is also often used when people are talking about whether sb should be blamed for doing sth that has had a negative effect. * act也常用于谈及某人的行为造成负面结果而是否应该受到指责◆He acted in self-defence / in good faith.他是出于自卫／好意。■ˈdo something
phrase
(does, did, done) (ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) to act with a particular purpose or in order to deal with a situation行动；做事◆The company ought to do something about the poor service.这公司应对差劲的服务采取点儿措施。◆Don't just stand there－do something.别光站在那儿，做点儿什么吧。■ˌtake ˈaction
phrase
(took, taken) (especially journalism尤用于新闻) to act with a particular purpose or in order to deal with a situation行动；做事◆Firefighters took action immediately to stop the blaze from spreading.消防员立即采取行动阻止火势蔓延。■ˌtake ˈsteps
phrase
(took, taken) (especiallywritten) to do a series of things in order to achieve sth采取（一系列）措施◆We are taking steps to prevent pollution.我们正采取措施防止污染。ⓘ Unlike other verbs in this group, take steps does not necessarily suggest that sth is very urgent.有别于这组词中的其他动词，take steps不一定意味着事情很紧急。■move [intransitive] (especially journalism尤用于新闻) to act with a particular purpose or in order to deal with a situation行动；做事◆The police moved quickly to dispel the rumours.警察迅速采取行动来消除谣言。ⓘ Move is usually followed by an adverb relating to speed or urgency such as swiftly or quickly. * move通常后接表示迅速或紧急的副词，如swiftly或quickly。■make a, your, etc. ˈmove
idiom
(made, made) (especiallywritten) to do the action that you intend to do or need to do in order to achieve sth采取行动；开始行动◆The rebels waited until nightfall before they made their move.叛乱者等到夜幕降临才开始行动。
apply2
verb
apply sanction/common sense采取制裁；运用常识special conditions apply按照特殊情况处理apply ♦︎ relate to sb/sth ♦︎ be about sth ♦︎ have/be to do with sth ♦︎ concern ♦︎ refer to sb/sth ♦︎ deal with sth ♦︎ treatThese words all mean to be relevant to or connected with sb/sth, or to have sb/sth as a subject.这些词均表示有关、涉及。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a rule / law applies to / relates to / concerns / refers to / deals with sth◆a chapter / poem is about / is concerned with / refers to / deals with sth◆a book / film is about / is concerned with / deals with sth◆to specifically / directly apply to / relate to / be about / have to do with / be concerned with / refer to / deal with sth■apply [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be relevant to or connected with sb/sth有关；涉及◆Special conditions apply if you are under 18.18岁以下者按特殊情况处理。◆What I am saying applies only to some of you.我所说的只涉及你们中的一些人。◆The word 'unexciting' could never be applied to her novels.“乏味”这个词绝对和她的小说不沾边儿。■relate to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be connected with sb/sth; to refer to sb/sth涉及；与⋯有关；谈到◆We shall discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case.我们应针对我们的具体情况来讨论这个问题。◆The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.第二段谈到苏格兰的形势。■be about sth
phrase
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to have sb/sth as a subject; to be the purpose of sth关于；目的是◆What's his new book about?他的新书是写什么的？◆Movies are all about making money these days(= they make movies for the purpose of making money).当今拍电影只为赚钱。◆What was all that about(= what was the reason for what has just happened)?这到底是怎么回事？ see also cover ⇨ include1■have to do with sth■be to do with sth
idiom
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be connected with sth; to be the reason for sth与⋯有关；是⋯的原因◆Her job has something to do with computers.她的工作与计算机有关。◆'What do you want to see me about?' 'It's to do with that letter you sent me.'“你想见我有什么事？”“是关于你寄给我的那封信。”◆Hard work has a lot to do with(= is an important reason for) her success.工作努力是她成功的重要原因。ⓘ You can also usehave/be to do with to talk about people, especially in negative sentences and questions. In these cases it means to be involved with sb, or to be of interest to sb for a good reason.也可以说have/be to do with sb，尤其在否定句和疑问句中，指与某人有关，或有充分理由使某人感兴趣◆I'd have nothing to do with him, if I were you.如果我是你，我不会跟他有任何瓜葛。◆Mind your own business－this is nothing to do with you.管好你自己的事吧－这事与你无关。■concern ( be concerned with sth) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (ratherformal) to have sb/sth as a subject涉及；与⋯有关◆The story concerns the prince's efforts to rescue Pamina.故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜。◆The book is primarily concerned with Soviet-American relations during the Cold War.这本书主要讲的是冷战时期的苏美关系。◆This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.本章旨在讲述历史背景。■reˈfer to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(-rr-)to describe or be connected to sb/sth描述；涉及；与⋯有关◆The term 'Arts' usually refers to humanities and social sciences.arts一词通常指人文和社会科学。◆This paragraph refers to the events of last year.这一段讲的是去年发生的事。■ˈdeal with sth
phrasal verb
(dealt, dealt) (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to have sth as a subject涉及；论及；关于◆Her poems often deal with the subject of death.她的诗常涉及死亡这一主题。◆The second half of the book deals exclusively with public relations.书的后半部分专门论及公共关系。NOTE辨析 Be about sth, concern or deal with sth?Be about sth is the most general of these expressions; concern and deal with sth both suggest a formal, serious or thorough discussion of a subject. * be about sth在三者中含义最广。concern和deal with sth均指对某个主题进行正式、严肃或深入的探讨。■treat [transitive] to deal with or discuss a subject in a particular way（以特定方式）阐述，讨论◆The question is treated in more detail in the next chapter.这个问题在下一章有更详细的论述。▸treatment
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆Shakespeare's treatment of madness in 'King Lear'莎士比亚在《李尔王》中对疯癫的处理手法
finish
verb
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ endverb另见end动词词条finish ♦︎ be done ♦︎ complete ♦︎ finalize ♦︎ wrap sth up ♦︎ follow (sth) through ♦︎ round sth off ♦︎ round sth outThese words all mean to make sth whole or perfect.这些词均表示完成、做好、圆满完成。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to finish sth / be done / follow through / round sth off / round sth out with sth◆to finish sth / complete sth / follow through / round sth off / round sth out by doing sth◆to finish / complete / finalize the preparations / arrangements◆to finish / complete / wrap up / round off / round out a / an discussion / evening / meal◆to finish / complete / wrap up the championship / game / series◆to finish / complete / round off / round out the day / season◆to finish / complete / round off / round out a / an tour / interview / campaign◆to complete / finalize / wrap up a deal◆to finally finish sth / be done / complete sth / round sth off / round sth out■finish [transitive, intransitive] (especiallyspoken) to stop doing sth or making sth because it is complete完成；做好◆Haven't you finished your homework yet?难道你还没有做完家庭作业吗？◆I'll just finish the chapter, then I'll come.我马上就要完成这一章了，然后就来。◆She finished law school last year.她去年毕业于法学院。◆Be quiet! He hasn't finished speaking.安静！他还没有讲完。◆She put the finishing touches to her painting(= did the things that made it complete).她在画上作了最后几处润色。◆I thought you'd never finish!我还以为你会完成不了呢！OPPstart ⇨ begin see also unfinished ⇨ partial■be ˈdone
phrase
(especially NAmE, especiallyspoken) to have finished doing sth完毕；了结；结束◆Aren't you done with your homework yet?难道你还没有做完家庭作业吗？◆No, I'll be done in a minute.不，我一会儿就好。◆Be quiet－ he's not done yet.安静，他还没完呢。◆ (ratherinformal) I thought you'd never get done.我还以为你会完成不了呢。■complete [transitive, often passive] (ratherformal, especiallywritten) to finish sth完成；做好◆She's just completed a master's degree in Law.她刚读完法律硕士学位。◆The project should be completed within a year.这项工程必须在一年之内完成。ⓘ In this meaning complete is often used to talk about work or study.表达此义时，complete常指完成工作或学习◆to complete a project / an assignment / a degree / a thesis / a deal / an apprenticeship完成一项工程／任务；读完学位；写完论文；达成一笔交易；结束学徒期Complete can also mean 'to make sth whole or perfect'. * complete亦可表示“使完整、使完美”◆I only need one more card to complete the set.我只差一张卡片就集齐全套了。Collocates of this meaning include set, collection, scene, picture, series, sequence and transformation.表达此义时complete的搭配词有set、collection、scene、picture、series、sequence和transformation。▸completion / /kəmˈpliːʃn/ /
noun
[uncountable] ◆The project is due for completion in the spring.这项工程预定在明年春季竣工。◆The road is nearing completion(= it is nearly finished).这条道路快要完工了。NOTE辨析 Finish, be done or complete?Finish is more frequent in spoken English; complete is more frequent in written English. Note that you can finish doing sth but you cannotcomplete doing sth. * finish较常用在口语中，complete较常用在书面语中。注意，可以说finish doing sth，但没有complete doing sth这种用法◆He hasn't completed speaking.In spoken American English be done is more frequent than finish, although finish is also used.在美式英语口语中，be done较finish常用，但也用finish。■finalize (BrEfinalise) / /ˈfaɪnəlaɪz/ / [transitive] (especially business尤用于商业) to complete the last part of a plan or agreement（把计划或协议）最后定下来；定案◆We need to finalize our plans.我们需要把我们的计划最后确定下来。◆They met to finalize the terms of the treaty.他们举行会晤，最终确定条约的条款。ⓘ Finalize is often used to talk about business agreements, arrangements and plans. It is also used in business to talk about finishing the act of agreeing on a sale. * finalize常用以指对商务协议、安排和计划最终定案，在商务中亦可指最后敲定一笔买卖◆to finalize a deal / transaction / sale敲定一笔买卖■ˌwrap sth ˈup
phrasal verb
(-pp-) (informal, especially business尤用于商业orsport体育) to complete sth such as an agreement, meeting or sports competition in a satisfactory way圆满完成，顺利结束（协议、会议或体育竞赛等）◆That just about wraps it up for today.这就差不多给今天画了个圆满的句号。◆He is the one driver who could have beaten the Brazilian and wrapped up the world championship.他就是那个本可以击败巴西人、让世界锦标赛圆满落幕的车手。■ˌfollow ˈthrough■ˌfollow sth ˈthrough
phrasal verb
(ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) to complete sth that you have started把⋯进行到底；完成（开了头的事）◆The key to success is having the motivation to follow through with your ideas.成功的关键是干劲十足地把你的想法贯彻到底。◆The project only has any value if you follow it through.这个项目只有做完才会有价值。■ˌround sth ˈoff
phrasal verb
(BrE) to finish an activity or complete sth in a good or suitable way圆满结束；圆满完成◆She rounded off the tour with a concert at Carnegie Hall.她在卡内基大厅举办了一场音乐会，从而圆满结束了她的巡回演出。ⓘ You can round off a day, an evening or a campaign with sports, dancing or a party; you could round off a meal with coffee or cheese; or a sports team might round off the season with a win.可以用round off a day/an evening/a campaign with sth句式，表示以某种活动来圆满地结束一天、一个晚上或一项活动；还可用round off a meal with coffee/cheese句式，表示以享用咖啡或奶酪来结束美满的一餐；亦可用round off the season with a win短语，表示运动队以一场胜利给赛季画上完美的句号。■ˌround sth ˈout
phrasal verb
(NAmE) to round sth off圆满结束；圆满完成◆The book is rounded out with a new cover and introduction.这本书有了新的封面和序言，可谓大功告成了。ⓘ You can also round out a list or group of people or things. * round out亦可指使人或事物的组合搭配完美◆Julia Roberts and Gwyneth Paltrow round out the cast.茱莉亚•罗伯茨和格温妮丝•帕特洛使演员阵容达到完美。