| 例句 |
due noun
⇨ right (give sb their due) ⇨ rate 2 (pay your dues)due adj.
⇨ right 2 right noun right ♦︎ power ♦︎ privilege ♦︎ claim ♦︎ authority ♦︎ liberty ♦︎ entitlement ♦︎ title ♦︎ dueThese are all words for sth you are legally or morally allowed to have or do. 这些词均表示法律或道义上的权利。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's right / power / claim over sb / sth◆a right / a claim / an entitlement / a title to sth◆the right / power / authority / entitlement to do sth◆a / an special / exclusive right / power / privilege / claim◆a / the legal right / power / claim / authority / entitlement / title◆personal rights / claims / liberties◆have a / the right / the power / the privilege / a claim / the authority / an entitlement / title◆use / exercise your right / powers / privilege / authority / entitlement◆give sb a right / the power / a privilege / title / their due◆grant sb rights / powers / privileges / liberties◆revoke a right / the power / a privilege / the authority◆lose your right / powers / privilege / entitlement◆forfeit your right / privilege / claim / entitlement / title◆give up your right / powers / privilege / claim / title◆renounce your right / privilege / claim / title◆waive your right / privilege / claim◆respect sb's right / claim / liberties■ right [countable] something that you should definitely be allowed to do or have, either legally or morally （法律或道义上）正当的要求；权利◆Everyone has the right to a fair trial.每个人都有权获得公正的审判。◆What gives you the right to do that?你有什么权利这样做？◆You're quite within your rights to ask for your money back (= you definitely have a right to do it).你完全有权要回你的钱。◆She had every right to be angry.她完全有理由生气。◆By rights (= according to sb's rights) half the money should be mine.按理应该有一半的钱归我。◆This is a fundamental human right (= a right that all people should have).这是一项基本的人权。◆They have always fought hard for equal rights (= the right of all people in society to be treated fairly and equally).他们一直在为获得平等权利进行顽强的斗争。 see also birthright ⇨ legacy ■ power [uncountable, countable, usually plural] the right of a person or group to do sth, especially sth that involves having control over sb else 权力；职权；权势◆The Secretary of State has the power to approve the proposals.国务卿有权批准这些提议。◆The president has the power of veto over all new legislation.总统有权否决一切新法规。◆The powers of the police must be clearly defined.警察的职权必须明确界定。■ privilege / /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/ / [countable] a special right or advantage that a particular person or group of people has 特殊利益；优惠待遇；特权◆Education should be a universal right and not just a privilege.教育应当是全民的权利，而非部分人的特权。◆Club members have special privileges, like being allowed to use the swimming pool.俱乐部会员享有特权，如获准使用游泳池。ⓘ Privilege [uncountable] is used in a disapproving way to mean 'the rights and advantages that only the rich or powerful people in a society have'. 不可数名词形式的privilege指社会中有钱有势者拥有的权利和优势，用作贬义◆ (disapproving) His life had always been one of wealth and privilege.他一直过着有钱有势的生活。 ■ claim [countable, uncountable] a right that sb believes they have to sth, for example property or land （对财产、土地等要求拥有的）所有权◆The court ruled that they had no claim on the land.法院裁定他们无权索要那片土地。◆The princess was forced to renounce her claim to the throne.公主被迫放弃对王位的要求。◆He went back to lay claim to his inheritance.他回来主张他的继承权。▸ claim verb [transitive] ◆A lot of lost property is never claimed.许多失物从未被认领。◆The family arrived in the UK in the 1990s and claimed political asylum.这家人20世纪90年代来到英国要求政治避难。■ authority [uncountable] the right to do sth, especially because you hold a senior position in an organization （尤因在组织中位居要职而拥有的）权，职权◆Only the manager has the authority to sign cheques.只有经理才有权签支票。NOTE 辨析 Power or authority?In this meaning authority is usually used in the phrase (have) the authority to do sth. This authority usually comes from sb's position within a company or other organization and refers to what they are allowed to do within that organization. The power to do sth or special powers often come from the courts, the government or a country's constitution (= system of laws and political organization) and refer to what sb is allowed to do within the law or government of the country. 表达此义时，authority常用于短语(have) the authority to do sth。这种权力通常来自某人在公司或其他组织中的职位，指其在组织内部的权限。the power to do sth或special powers的这种权力常来自法院、政府或国家的宪法，某人获允依法或在政府体制内做某事◆Only the manager has the power to sign cheques. ◆The authority of the police must be clearly defined. ■ liberty /ˈlɪbəti; NAmE ˈlɪbərti/ [countable] the legal freedom to do sth （法律上的）自由◆The right to vote should be a liberty enjoyed by all.投票权应当是人人享有的合法权利。◆This is a gross infringement of our civil liberties (= the right of people to be free to say or do what they want while respecting others and staying within the law).这是对我们的公民自由的严重侵犯。ⓘ In this meaning liberty is used especially in the phrases personal/civil liberties. 表达此义时，liberty尤用于短语personal/civil liberties。■ entitlement [uncountable, countable] (especially BrE, formal) the official right to have or do sth, especially to receive a payment or own property; something, especially an amount of money, that you have an official right to have or receive （拥有某物或做某事的）权利，资格（尤指收到付款或拥有财产）；有权得到的东西（尤指钱款）◆This may affect your entitlement to compensation.这可能影响你索赔的权利。◆Your contributions will affect your pension entitlements.你的缴款数额将会影响你的养老金待遇。ⓘ This meaning of entitlement is not very frequent in American English. However, especially in American English the phrase a sense of entitlement is used in a disapproving way to talk about people who think they have a right to sth without actually working for it. * entitlement的这一义项在美式英语中不是很常用。不过，尤其是在美式英语中，短语a sense of entitlement用作贬义，指不努力便自认为应享有权利的特权思想◆ (especially NAmE, disapproving) The only child of very wealthy parents, she embodies the spoiled brat with a sense of entitlement.父母有钱，又是独生女，她活脱脱是个被宠坏了的孩子，满脑子特权思想。 see also entitle ⇨ allow ■ title [uncountable, countable] (law 法律) the legal right to own sth, especially land or property; the document that shows you have this right （尤指土地或财产的）所有权，所有权凭证；房地契◆He claims he has title to the land.他声称拥有这块土地的所有权。◆Who holds the title deed (= the legal document proving that sb is the owner of a particular property or piece of land)?谁有房契？■ due /djuː; NAmE duː/ [uncountable] something, especially praise, that should be given to sb because they have earned it by their actions 应得到的东西（尤其是赞美）◆He received a large reward, which was no more than his due (= what he deserved).他得到重赏，这是他应得的。◆She's a slow worker, but to give her her due (= be fair to her) she is very thorough.她干活速度很慢，但说句公道话，她做事很仔细。ⓘ In this meaning due is always used in the phrase my/your/his/her/our/their due. 表达此义时，due总是用于短语my/your/his/her/our/their due。 rate2 noun the rate of change 变动率sb's rate of pay 某人的薪资 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ price noun 另见price名词词条rate ♦︎ charge ♦︎ fee ♦︎ rent ♦︎ fine ♦︎ fare ♦︎ terms ♦︎ dues ♦︎ toll ♦︎ rentalThese are all words for an amount of money that is charged or paid for sth. 这些词均表示价格、费用。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a rate / a charge / a fee / rent / a fine / the fare / the terms / dues / a toll / the rental for sth◆a rate / a charge / a fee / rent / a toll / the rental on sth◆at a rate / charge / fee / rent / fare / rental of...◆for a charge / fee◆(a / an) annual / monthly rate / charge / fee / rent / dues / rental◆(a) daily rate / charge / fee / rent / rental◆(a) reasonable rate / charge / fee / rent / fare / terms / toll / rental◆(a) high / low rate / charge / fee / rent / fare / toll / rental◆(a) fixed rate / charge / fee / rent / fare / terms / rental◆(a) flat rate / charge / fee / fare◆the full rate / charge / fee / rent / fare / toll / rental◆to pay a rate / a charge / a fee / rent / a fine / a fare / your dues / a toll / the rental◆to charge a rate / a fee / rent / a fare / dues / a toll / rental◆to increase / reduce the rate / charge / fee / rent / fine / fare / dues / toll■ rate [countable] a fixed amount of money that is asked or paid for sth 价格；费用◆The job has a very low hourly rate of pay.这个工作时薪很低。◆We offer special reduced rates for students.我们对学生有特惠价格。◆What is the going rate (= the usual level of payment) for bar work?在酒吧工作一般工资多少？◆We were forced to borrow the money at an extortionately high rate of interest.我们被迫借高利贷。◆The bank has announced a cut in interest rates.银行已宣布降息。 see also rates ⇨ tax ■ charge [countable] an amount of money that is asked for goods or services （商品或服务的）要价，收费◆We have to make a small charge for refreshments.我们得收取些许茶点费。◆Delivery is free of charge (= costs nothing).免费送货。◆ (BrE) The museum has introduced a £3 admission charge.那家博物馆开始收取3英镑的入场费。 see also charge ⇨ charge verb ■ fee [countable] (rather formal) an amount of money that you have to pay for professional advice or services, to go to a school or college, join an organization or visit a place 专业服务费；咨询费；学费；会费；参观费◆The family spent over £20 000 on legal fees.那个家庭支付了20 000多英镑的诉讼费。◆Does the bank charge a fee for setting up the account?在这家银行开立账户要收费吗？◆Club members pay an annual membership fee of £775.俱乐部会员每年支付775英镑的会费。◆ (especially BrE) There is no entrance fee to the gallery.该美术馆不收入场费。◆ (especially NAmE) an admission fee入场费 see also subscription ⇨ payment NOTE 辨析 Charge or fee? Fee can represent a larger amount of money than charge, especially in the combinations legal fees and school fees. Charge is used for smaller services in less formal or professional contexts. * fee可指比charge更大的金额，legal fees和school fees尤其如此。charge指没那么正式的场合或不那么专业的小型服务机构收取的费用◆We have to charge a small fee for refreshments. Money that you pay to visit a place such as a museum is called an admission charge or entrance fee in British English, an admission fee or (less frequently) entrance fee in American English, (but never an 'entrance charge'). 博物馆等场所向参观者收取的入场费在英式英语中称为admission charge或entrance fee，在美式英语中称为admission fee或没那么常用的entrance fee，但从不用entrance charge。 ■ rent [uncountable, countable] an amount of money that you regularly have to pay for use of a building or room （建筑物或房屋的）租金◆The landlord charged them a month's rent in advance.房东预先收取了他们一个月的租金。◆ (BrE) They began falling behind with their rent (= paying it late or not at all).他们开始拖欠房租。◆ (NAmE) They began falling behind in their rent.他们开始拖欠房租。◆Rents are rising in the business district.商业区的租金在上涨。■ fine [countable] a sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule 罚金；罚款◆a parking fine违规停车罚款◆Offenders will be liable to a heavy fine (= one that costs a lot of money).违者须付巨额罚金。◆She has already paid over $2 000 in fines.她已经交了2 000多元罚金。 see also fine ⇨ charge verb ■ fare [countable] the money that you pay to travel by bus, plane, taxi, etc. （车船、飞机等交通工具的）票价◆Fares have been increased by 10%.票价已经上调了10%。◆a bus / taxi / rail / air fare公共汽车票价；出租车费；火车／飞机票价◆ (BrE) How much is the return / single fare?往返／单程票价是多少？◆ (NAmE) Round-trip fare from New York to Cincinnati is $229.从纽约到辛辛那提的往返车费是229美元。◆ (NAmE) one-way fare单程票价■ terms [plural] conditions that you agree when you buy, sell or pay for sth; a price or cost （交易的）条件；价钱；费用◆to buy sth on easy terms (= paying for it over a long period) 分期付款购买◆My terms are £20 a lesson.我每教一课收费20英镑。 see also terms ⇨ condition ■ dues [plural] an amount of money that you have to pay so that you can be a member of an organization 会费◆He had not paid his trade union dues for six months.他已经六个月未缴纳工会会费了。 see also subscription ⇨ payment ■ toll /təʊl; NAmE toʊl/ [countable] an amount of money that you have to pay to use a particular road or bridge （道路或桥梁的）通行费◆She took enough money to pay for motorway tolls and ferry tickets.她带了足够的钱支付高速公路通行费和船票。◆a toll road / bridge收费道路／桥梁ⓘ In American English, a toll is also a charge for a telephone call that is calculated at a higher rate than a local call. 在美式英语中，toll亦指长途电话费◆ (NAmE) Is San Jose to San Mateo a toll call?(= Do I have to pay extra for this call? Is it not a local call?) 从圣何塞打电话到圣马特奥属于长途吗？ ■ rental [uncountable, countable, usually singular] an amount of money that you have to pay to use sth for a particular period of time 租金◆Telephone charges include line rental.电话费包括线路租金。◆ (BrE) The weekly rental on the car was over £200.汽车每周租金超过200英镑。NOTE 辨析 Rent or rental? Rent is money paid to use a building or room; for other items use rental or rate. In American English rent verb is used in connection with cars, but the usual noun is rate. * rent指建筑物或房屋的租金，其他物品的租金用rental或rate。在美式英语中，动词rent用于与汽车有关的语境，但表达此义的名词通常用rate◆It costs us $300 a week to rent a car.我们每周租车要花费300元。◆The rate on the car was $300 a week.汽车每周的租金是300元。 right2 adjective the right decision 正确的决定do the right thing 做正当的事right ♦︎ acceptable ♦︎ proper ♦︎ due ♦︎ justified ♦︎ decent ♦︎ justifiableThese words all describe sth that is morally good or socially acceptable. 这些词均表示符合道德或社会常理的、正当的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆right / acceptable / proper / justified / justifiable to do sth◆right / justified in doing sth◆right / acceptable / proper that...◆acceptable / proper / decent behaviour◆to do the right / proper / decent thing◆scarcely / hardly / not really right / acceptable / proper / justified◆perfectly right / acceptable / proper / justified / decent / justifiable◆entirely right / acceptable / proper / justified / justifiable◆morally right / acceptable / justified / justifiable◆only right / proper■ right [not usually before noun] morally good; correct according to law or a person's duty 正当；合法；应当◆You were quite right to tell me.你告诉我就对了。◆It's right that he should be punished.他理应受到惩罚。◆Hunting may be legal, but that doesn't make it right.狩猎也许是合法的，但这并不表示它是正当的。◆I hope we're doing the right thing.我希望我们这样做是正当的。OPP wrong ⇨ wrong 4 ▸ rightly adverb ◆Rightly or wrongly, he was released early from prison.不论对错，他提前获释了。◆Politicians are asked to declare any business interests, and rightly so.要求从政者公布所拥有的企业权益，这理应如此。■ acceptable (especially of behaviour or actions) thought to be right by most people in a society （尤指行为或行动在社会上）被认同的，被认可的◆Children have to learn what is acceptable behaviour and what is not.儿童必须要懂得什么是被社会认可的行为举止，什么不是。◆Divorce is much more socially acceptable than it used to be.与过去相比，社会对离婚的态度宽容得多了。OPP unacceptable ⇨ unacceptable ■ proper / /ˈprɒpə(r); NAmE ˈprɑːpər/ (rather formal) socially and morally acceptable 符合社会规范的；正当的◆It is right and proper that parents take responsibility for their children's behaviour.父母要为孩子的行为负责，这是天经地义的。◆I'll do whatever I think proper.只要我认为是正当的事，我就会去做。◆The development was planned without proper regard for the feelings of the local residents.新开发项目的规划没有适当考虑当地居民的感受。OPP improper ⇨ improper ▸ properly adverb ◆You acted perfectly properly in approaching me first.你先来找我，做得对极了。NOTE 辨析 Acceptable or proper? Acceptable has a wider general meaning than proper: things can be socially/morally acceptable but not◆socially/morally proper because the social/moral aspect is included in the meaning of proper. Proper is a more formal word than acceptable, and more frequent in British English than in American English. It can suggest a greater degree of approval: actions that are proper are actions that you approve of; actions that are acceptable are actions that you do not disapprove of. * acceptable比proper含义更宽泛。可以说socially/morally acceptable，但不说socially/morally proper，因为proper已包含“为社会认可、合乎道德”之意。 proper比acceptable正式，在英式英语中比在美式英语中常用，还意味着更大程度的赞同：proper可形容自己赞同的行为，acceptable可形容自己不反对的行为。■ due [only before noun] (formal) that is suitable or right in the circumstances 适当的；恰当的；合适的◆After due consideration we have decided to appoint Mr Davis to the job.经过适当考虑，我们决定委任戴维斯先生做这项工作。◆Your request will be dealt with in due course (= at the right time and not before).你的要求将在适当的时候处理。■ justified /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd/ / [not usually before noun] having a good reason for doing sth; existing or done for a good reason 有正当理由；事出有因；合乎情理◆She felt fully justified in asking for her money back.她认为有充分的理由要求退款。◆I don't think the death penalty is ever justified.我认为死刑从来就不是合理的。OPP unjustified ⇨ unjustified ■ decent / /ˈdiːsnt/ / (rather formal) acceptable to people in a particular situation 得体的；合宜的；适当的◆Local people made sure the soldiers were given a decent burial.当地民众尽力为这些士兵举行得体的葬礼。◆I think he should do the decent thing and resign.我认为他应该辞职，这才是体面之举。◆She should have waited a decent interval before marrying again.她再婚之前本该适当等上一段时间。 OPP indecent ⇨ improper ■ justifiable /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪəbl, ˌdʒʌstɪˈfaɪəbl/ existing or done for a good reason and therefore acceptable 事出有因的；合乎情理的；情有可原的◆She took a justifiable pride in her son's achievements.她理所当然地为儿子的成就感到自豪。◆There were no justifiable grounds for sending him to prison.目前还没有正当的理由把他关进监狱。OPP unjustifiable ⇨ unjustified ▸ justifiably adverb ◆The college can be justifiably proud of its record.这所大学有理由为自己的成绩感到骄傲。NOTE 辨析 Justified or justifiable?A person or action can be justified; an action, feeling or reason can be justifiable. * justified可形容人或行动，justifiable可形容行动、感觉或理由◆She felt justifiable in asking for her money back. ◆There were no justified grounds for sending him to prison. |