life noun ⇨life1 (no signs of life)⇨life2 (all your life)⇨life3 (make life easier)⇨energy2 (inject some new life into the project)⇨nature2 (marine/pond life)⇨real life⇨fact⇨a/the/sb's way of life⇨life3
life1
noun
no signs of life没有生命迹象all your life一辈子make life easier使生活轻松些life ♦︎ existence ♦︎ survivalThese are all words for the state or fact of living or existing.这些词均表示生存、存活或存在。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb / sth's very / continued / day-to-day existence / survival◆to threaten sb / sth's life / existence / survival◆to fight for your life / survival◆a struggle for existence / survival■life [uncountable, countable] the state or fact of being alive as a person, animal or plant, shown by activities such as breathing, growing and reproducing; the state of being alive as a human being; an individual person's existence生命；性命；人命；人的存活◆The body was cold and showed no signs of life.那具躯体冰凉，没有一点儿生命迹象。◆In spring the countryside bursts into life.春天乡村里一片生机盎然。◆The floods caused a massive loss of life(= many people were killed).洪水造成许多人丧生。◆He risked his life to save his daughter from the fire.他冒着生命危险把女儿从火中救了出来。◆The operation saved her life.手术挽救了她的生命。◆My grandfather lost his life(= was killed) in the Second World War.我祖父在第二次世界大战中丧生。◆You mustn't let anyone know－it's a matter of life and death(= sb's life depends on it).你千万别告诉任何人－这可是件生死攸关的事。ⓘ The life of a thing is the period of time when it exists or functions.事物的life指的是它的存在期或有效期◆The International Stock Exchange started life as a London coffee shop.国际证券交易所起初是伦敦的一家咖啡馆。◆The product has a guaranteed shelf life(= the length of time that food or other items can be kept before it is too old to be sold) of 60 days.这种产品的保存期为60天。OPPdeath ⇨ dead see also live ⇨ exist, live ⇨ survive■existence [uncountable] the state or fact of being real or living存在；生存◆I was unaware of his existence until today.直到今天我才知道有他这么个人。◆This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence.这是现存最古老的希伯来语手稿。◆Pakistan came into existence as an independent country after the war.战后巴基斯坦成为一个独立的国家。◆The crisis threatens the industry's continued existence.那次危机对这个行业的继续生存构成了威胁。 see also exist ⇨ exist■survival [uncountable] the state of continuing to live or exist, often in spite of difficulty or danger（继续）生存，存活；幸存◆His only chance of survival was to make his own way down the mountainside.只有找到下山的路，他才有望能活下来。◆Rhino poaching is now threatening the survival of the species.偷猎犀牛目前已危及这个物种的生存。◆Exporting is necessary for our economic survival.出口对经济发展是必不可少的。OPPextinctionⓘ Extinction is a situation in which a plant, animal, way of life, etc. stops existing. * extinction指某种动物、植物或生活方式等不复存在、灭绝、消亡◆The mountain gorilla is in danger of extinction.山地大猩猩有灭绝的危险。 see also survive ⇨ survive
life2
noun
no signs of life没有生命迹象all your life一辈子make life easier使生活轻松些life ♦︎ career ♦︎ lifetime ♦︎ in sb's dayThese are all words for the time during which sb is alive or is doing a particular thing.这些词均表示人的一生或某段生活经历。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in / of sb's life / career / lifetime / day◆during sb's life / career / lifetime◆sb's entire / whole life / career / lifetime◆sb's school life / career◆a life / career / lifetime of doing sth■life [countable, uncountable] the period between sb's birth and their death; a part of this period一生；终身；人生中的某个时期◆He's lived here all his life.他在这里已经住了一辈子。◆He will spend the rest of his life in a wheelchair.他将在轮椅上度过余生。◆My mother took up tennis late in life.我母亲晚年打起了网球。◆There's no such thing as a job for life any longer.不会再有终身职业这回事了。◆She is a life member of the club.她是这个俱乐部的终身会员。◆He spent his entire adult life in France.他整个成年时期都是在法国度过的。 see also live ⇨ exist■career [countable] the period of time that you spend in your life working or doing a particular thing生涯；一段工作经历◆She started her career as an English teacher.她以当英语教师开始了自己的职业生涯。◆He is playing the best tennis of his career.他正处于自己网球事业的巅峰时期。◆Her stage career spans sixty years.她的舞台生涯长达六十年。■lifetime / /ˈlaɪftaɪm/ / [countable, usually singular] the length of time that sb lives or that sth lasts一生；有生之年；（某物的）存在期限，使用寿命◆Only two volumes of his poetry were published during his lifetime.他生前只出版了两本诗集。◆He has nothing to look forward to but a lifetime of misery.他的生活没有任何盼头，只有无尽的痛苦。◆These spending commitments are not achievable in the lifetime of the present government.这些开支承诺在本届政府的任期内是完成不了的。◆For the chance of a lifetime(= a wonderful opportunity that you are not likely to get again) fill in the coupon below and send it to the following address.这个机会千载难逢，请填写下面的参赛表格并邮寄至下述地址。■in sb's ˈday
idiom
during the middle or most important part of sb's career; when sb was young（某人的）昔日盛时，鼎盛时期；年轻时；当年◆In her day she was one of the most famous dancers in Britain.当年她曾是英国最著名的舞蹈演员之一。◆It was different in my day, there were plenty of jobs when you left school.我年轻时情况截然相反，毕业后就业机会很多。ⓘ Of sb's/the day is used to talk about a particular period of time when sb lived or which has already been mentioned. * of sb's/the day指某人生活的时代或前面提及的一段时期◆He was regarded as the greatest architect of his day.他被认为是他那个时代最伟大的建筑师。◆The event attracted all the great names and popular artists of the day.那个活动吸引了当时所有杰出人物和当红艺术家出席。 see also day ⇨ period
life3
noun
no signs of life没有生命迹象all your life一辈子make life easier使生活轻松些life ♦︎ experience ♦︎ lifestyle ♦︎ way of life ♦︎ living ♦︎ existenceThese are all words for the way in which people live.这些词均表示人的生活方式。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(sb's) day-to-day life / experience / living / existence◆(sb's) daily / everyday life / experience / existence◆a comfortable / busy life / lifestyle / existence◆a miserable / communal life / existence◆a traditional lifestyle / way of life◆to have / lead / enjoy a ... life / lifestyle / existence■life [countable] the activities and experiences of a person during their life; a particular period of sb's life; the activities and experiences that are typical of all people or a particular way of living个人生活；生活经历；（某种方式的）生活◆He has had a hard life.他一直过着艰难的生活。◆She led a life of luxury.她那时过着奢侈的生活。◆Many of these children have led very sheltered lives(= they have not had many different experiences).这些孩子很多都是温室里的花朵。◆He doesn't like to talk about his private life.他不愿谈及自己的私生活。◆She has a full social life.她的社交活动非常频繁。◆They emigrated to start a new life in America.他们移居美国，开始了新的生活。◆She has been an accountant all her working life.她在整个职业生涯里一直是会计师。◆They were very happy throughout their married life.他们婚后的生活一直非常幸福。◆He is young and has little experience of life.他还年轻，缺乏生活经验。◆We bought a dishwasher to make life easier.为使生活轻松些，我们买了一台洗碗机。◆In real life(= when she met him) he wasn't how she had imagined him at all.一见面才发现，他完全不是她所想象的那样。◆She enjoyed political life.她喜欢政治生活。◆How do you find life in America?你觉得美国的生活如何？■experience [uncountable] the things that have happened to you that influence the way you think and behave经历；阅历◆Experience has taught me that life can be very unfair.经历过的事使我懂得生活有时是很不公平的。◆It is important to try and learn from experience.努力从经验中学习是很重要的。◆In my experience, very few people really understand the problem.据我的经验看，很少有人真正理解这个问题。◆She knew from past experience that Ann would not give up easily.她凭以往的经验知道，安是不会轻易放弃的。◆The book is based on personal experience.这本书是根据个人经历写成的。◆He has had direct / first-hand experience of poverty.他对贫穷有着切身感受。 see also experience ⇨ eventnoun1, experience ⇨ knowledgenoun, experience ⇨ haveverb3■lifestyle / /ˈlaɪfstaɪl/ / [countable, uncountable] the way in which a person or a group of people lives and works生活方式；工作方式◆She has had to curb her lavish lifestyle after losing millions in legal fees.损失了数百万诉讼费之后，她只得收敛自己挥霍无度的生活方式。◆Many people are trying to adopt a healthy lifestyle these days.如今许多人正试图选择一种健康的生活方式。■a way of ˈlife■sb's way of ˈlife■the way of ˈlife
idiom
the typical pattern of behaviour of a person or group（个人或群体）特有的行为模式，典型的生活方式◆Making small adjustments to your way of life can allow you to find more time.对生活方式做一点小小的调整会使你有更多的时间。◆The expansion in tourism is seen as a threat to the islanders' traditional way of life.旅游业的扩张被视为对岛上居民传统生活方式的威胁。NOTE辨析 Lifestyle or way of life?Often you can use either word.这两个词常可通用◆to change / make adjustments to your lifestyle / way of life改变／调整你的生活方式However, a lifestyle is typically more modern and more individual than a way of life. An individual person might have a busy/hectic lifestyle or choose to adopt a modern/healthy/alternative lifestyle. A way of life is more likely to be traditional, old or British, Western, etc. and shared by a whole community.不过，lifestyle通常比way of life更富现代感和个性化，一个人可能有一种busy/hectic lifestyle，或选取一种modern/healthy/alternative lifestyle；way of life更多与traditional、old或British、Western等词搭配，而且是整个群体共有的。■living [uncountable] (especially in compounds or fixed phrases尤用于构成复合词或固定短语) a way or style of life生活方式◆The classes are about helping children make informed choices about healthy living.这些课程旨在帮助孩子对健康的生活方式作出明智的选择。◆The prisoners' living conditions were appalling.囚犯的生活条件极为恶劣。◆Their standard of living is very low.他们的生活水平很低。◆The cost of living has risen sharply.生活成本已急剧上涨。■existence [countable] a way of living, especially when this is difficult or boring（尤指艰难或无聊的）生活，生活方式◆The family endured a miserable existence in a cramped and noisy apartment.这家人在一个狭小而又吵闹的公寓里艰难度日。◆They eke out a precarious existence(= they have hardly enough money to live on).他们勉强过着朝不保夕的生活。◆The peasants depend on a good harvest for their very existence(= in order to continue to live).农民靠丰收才能活命。
energy2
noun
nuclear/solar energy核能；太阳能She's always full of energy.她总是充满活力。energy ♦︎ life ♦︎ vigour ♦︎ vitality ♦︎ fire ♦︎ dynamism ♦︎ spark ♦︎ gusto ♦︎ zestThese are all words for the ability or quality of putting effort and enthusiasm into sth.这些词均表示精力、活力、干劲。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to do sth with energy / vigour / vitality / dynamism / gusto / zest◆great energy / vigour / vitality / gusto / zest◆tremendous energy / vigour / vitality / dynamism / gusto◆new energy / life / vigour / vitality / zest◆sb's old energy / fire / spark◆renewed / youthful energy / vigour / vitality / zest◆to have energy / vigour / vitality / dynamism / spark / zest◆to lack energy / vigour / vitality / dynamism / spark◆to lose energy / vigour / vitality / fire / spark / zest◆to add energy / life / zest (to sth)◆to be full of energy / life / vigour / vitality / fire / dynamism / zest■energy [uncountable](in a person) the ability to put effort and enthusiasm into sth you do（人的）精力，活力，干劲◆I admire her boundless energy.我佩服她那无穷的干劲。◆It's a waste of time and energy.那是浪费时间和精力。◆Bringing up twins requires a great deal of energy.把双胞胎带大需要很多的精力。 see also strength ⇨ forcenoun■life [uncountable](in a person, place or situation) the quality of being active, lively and exciting（人、地方或场合的）活力，生命力，生气◆We need to inject some new life into this project.我们得给这个项目注入些新的活力。◆The city only comes to life at night.这个城市要到夜晚才充满生机。 see also lively ⇨ lively■vigour (BrE) (NAmEvigor) / /ˈvɪgə(r)/ / [uncountable](in a person) energy, force and determination（人的）精力，力量，热情◆He worked with renewed vigour and enthusiasm.他将重燃起来的活力和热情投入到工作中。◆She attacked both political parties with equal vigour.她对两个政党攻击得同样激烈。■vitality / /vaɪˈtæləti/ / [uncountable](in a person, place or work of art) energy and enthusiasm（人、地方或艺术品的）生命力，活力，热情◆She is bursting with vitality and new ideas.她朝气蓬勃，满脑子新点子。◆The music has a wonderful freshness and vitality.这首乐曲给人以绝妙的新鲜感和活力。◆The project will provide jobs and help to restore economic vitality to the region.这个计划将提供就业机会，促进该地区恢复经济活力。■fire [uncountable](in a person) very strong emotion, especially anger or enthusiasm that drives you to do sth（人的）激情，愤怒，热情◆The fire seemed to die in him when his wife died.妻子去世后，他的热情似乎熄灭了。◆Something of the old fire had returned to their rivalry.他们的竞争又重新激起了旧恨。■dynamism / /ˈdaɪnəmɪzəm/ / [uncountable](in a person, project or idea) energy and enthusiasm to make new things happen or to make things succeed（人、项目或想法的）精力，活力，劲头◆The freshness and dynamism of her approach was welcomed by all her students.她的方法新颖活泼，受到学生的一致欢迎。◆The campaign lacked dynamism.这场运动缺乏活力。■spark [uncountable, singular](in a person) a special quality of energy, intelligence or enthusiasm that makes sb very imaginative or amusing（人的）生气，才华，热情◆As a writer he seemed to lack creative spark.作为作家，他似乎缺少创作激情。◆She had a certain spark－that something extra that made her a star.她有才华和热情，这些别人不具备的特质使她成了明星。■gusto /ˈgʌstəʊ; NAmEˈgʌstoʊ/ [uncountable](in a person) enthusiasm and energy in doing sth, especially sth you enjoy（人的）热情，兴致，精力◆They sang with gusto.他们兴致勃勃地唱歌。◆She attacked the huge slice of chocolate cake with great gusto.她兴奋难抑，迫不及待地扑向那一大块巧克力蛋糕大吃起来。■zest [uncountable, singular](in a person) enjoyment and enthusiasm（人的）热情，狂热◆Last month's victory has given him renewed zest for the game.上个月的那场胜利让他重燃起对这项运动的狂热。◆He had a great zest for life.他对生活有着极大的热情。
nature2
noun
the exact nature of the problem问题的确切性质the beauties of nature自然界中美好的东西nature ♦︎ the environment ♦︎ wildlife ♦︎ life ♦︎ ecosystem ♦︎ the wild ♦︎ the natural worldThese words all mean the world and the plants and animals that live in it.这些词均表示自然界、生态环境、野生动植物。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in nature / the environment / an ecosystem / the wild◆(a / an / the) marine / terrestrial / aquatic environment / wildlife / life / ecosystem◆to protect the environment / wildlife / ... life / the natural world◆to damage the environment / wildlife / ... life◆to benefit / preserve / save / affect / destroy the environment / wildlife■nature ( Nature) [uncountable] all the plants, animals and things that exist in the universe that are not made by people; the way that things happen in the physical world when it is not controlled by people自然界；大自然；自然方式◆Take time to appreciate the beauties of nature.悠闲地欣赏自然界中美好的东西。◆The forces of nature are constantly reshaping our world.自然界的力量在不断重塑我们的世界。◆It seemed against the laws of nature that such a creature could even exist.竟有这样的生物存在，这似乎有违自然规律。◆Just let nature take its course.就顺其自然吧。◆Her illness was Nature's way of telling her to do less.她的疾病表示天意在告诉她不要太劳累。ⓘ You cannot use the nature to talk about plants, animals and the natural world.不可用the nature（加定冠词the）指自然界◆the beauties of the natureWhen you are just talking about your immediate surroundings it is usually better to use a different word.指附近的环境时，最好用其他的词◆They stopped to admire nature.◆They stopped to admire the scenery / countryside.他们停下来欣赏风景／乡村景色。 see also countryside,scenery ⇨ country2▸natural
adjective
◆a country's natural resources(= its coal, oil, forests, etc.)一国的自然资源▸naturally
adverb
◆naturally occurring chemicals天然存在的化学物质■the environment [singular] the natural world in which people, animals and plants live, especially when it is threatened or has been damaged by human activity（尤指受到人类活动威胁或破坏的）自然环境，生态环境◆There is increasing public concern about pollution of the environment.公众对环境污染的忧虑日益加深。▸environmental
adjective
◆the environmental impact of pollution污染对环境的影响▸environmentally
adverb
◆an environmentally sensitive area(= one that is easily damaged or that contains rare animals, plants, etc.)生态环境脆弱的地区■wildlife / /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ / [uncountable] animals that are wild and live in a natural environment that is not controlled by people野生动物；野生生物◆Development of the area would endanger wildlife.开发这一地区将会危及野生生物。◆The area is an important wildlife habitat.该地区是重要的野生动物栖息地。■life [uncountable] living things生物；活物◆pond life池塘生物◆Yet more species of plant and animal life die out as their very specialized habitat is disturbed.还有更多的动植物物种因为其专属的栖息地受到干扰而灭绝。◆Is there intelligent life on other planets?其他星球上存在具有智慧的生物吗？■ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm; NAmEˈiːkoʊsɪstəm/ [countable] all the plants and living creatures in a particular area considered in relation to their physical environment生态系统◆Islands often support delicate ecosystems that evolved without any need for defence.岛屿上所维系的生态系统大多很脆弱，是在无需防御的情况下演化而成的。■the wild [countable, singular] a natural environment that is not controlled by people自然环境；野生状态◆The bird is too tame now to survive in the wild.这只鸟已经驯化了，现在难以在野生环境中生存。◆The animals were released back into the wild when they had recovered.这些动物在康复后被放归野生环境。■the ˌnatural ˈworld [countable, singular] the earth's plants, animals and natural features that have not been created or changed by human actions自然界◆Many medicines are made from ingredients found in the natural world.许多药是用从自然界找到的原料制成的。
fact
noun
fact ♦︎ the truth ♦︎ reality ♦︎ so ♦︎ the real world ♦︎ real lifeThese words are all used to refer to a situation that you believe is true and not invented.这些词均表示事实、现实、真实情况。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in fact / reality / the real world / real life◆the fact / truth (of the matter) is that...◆to face / accept / ignore the fact / the truth / reality◆to be based on fact / the truth■fact [singular, uncountable] used to refer to a particular situation that exists; things that are true rather than things that have been invented现实；实际情况；真实的事物◆I could no longer ignore the fact that he was deeply unhappy.我再不能对他深感不快这个事实不闻不问了。◆Despite the fact that she was wearing a seat belt, she was thrown sharply forward.尽管她系了安全带，还是被猛然抛向前方。◆The fact remains that we are still two teachers short.实际情况是我们还缺少两名教师。◆I thought the work would be difficult. In actual fact, it's very easy.我原以为这工作会很难，事实上却很容易。◆The story is based on fact.这个故事取材于真人真事。◆It's important to distinguish fact from fiction.区别真实和虚构很重要。OPPfiction ⇨ lienoun see also fact ⇨ information, factual ⇨ reliable2, the case ⇨ situation■the truth [singular] the true facts about sth, rather than things that have been invented or guessed真相；实情；真实情况◆Do you think she's telling the truth?你认为她在讲实话吗？◆We are determined to get at(= discover) the truth.我们决心查出真相。◆I don't think you are telling me the whole truth about what happened.我认为你并没有把事情的全部真相告诉我。◆The sad truth is that, at 72, he is past his prime.令人遗憾的是他已72岁了，盛年不再。 see also true ⇨ true■reality [uncountable] the true situation and the problems that actually exist in life, in contrast to how you would like life to be现实，实际情况（与理想相对）◆You're out of touch with reality.你脱离了现实。◆Outwardly she seemed confident but in reality she felt extremely nervous.她表面上显得信心十足，实际上却紧张得要命。OPPfantasy ⇨ imagination■so
adverb
(especiallyspoken) used to refer back to sth that has already been mentioned as being true（指刚说过的事）这样，如此，确实◆I hear that you're a writer－is that so(= is that true)?听说你是作家，是真的吗？◆He thinks I dislike him but that just isn't so.他以为我讨厌他，其实不是那么回事。◆I might be away next week. If so, I won't be able to see you.下星期我可能外出。要是那样，我就见不到你了。ⓘ The adverb so can be used in the phrases is that so? and that isn't so to ask if or deny that sth is true, or in the phrase if so, when you are not sure if sth is true or a fact, and sth else depends on it.副词so可用在短语is that so和that isn't so中，分别用以询问和否认某事的真实性；短语if so表示说话人对某事的真实性没有把握，但要据此作出其他决定。■the ˌreal ˈworld
idiom
the situations that people have to deal with in their lives, rather than artificial or imagined situations现实世界◆Politicians seem to be out of touch with the real world.政治人物似乎脱离了现实世界。ⓘ The expression the real world is sometimes used to refer to being outside a particular institution, such as a school or place of employment, where people are protected from some of life's difficulties.短语the real world有时指学校、职场等特定机构以外的世界，因为在那些机构里，人们不用面对实际生活中的某些困难◆The purpose of school is to prepare students to go out into the real world.学校的目的是让学生做好踏入现实世界的准备。■ˌreal ˈlife
idiom
what happens in genuine situations rather than in an imaginary situation such as a story or film真实情境中发生的事；现实生活◆In the movies guns kill people instantly, but it's not like that in real life.电影中人总是一中枪就马上死亡，但实际生活中并非如此。