| 例句 |
limit noun
⇨ limit 1 (a speed/time/age limit) ⇨ limit 2 (a limit to what we can do) ⇨ edge (the city limits)limit verb
⇨ limit (limit your calorie intake) ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth (Families are limited to four tickets each.)limit1 noun a speed/time/age limit 速度／时间／年龄限制a limit to what we can do 我们做事能力的限度limit ♦︎ restriction ♦︎ control ♦︎ constraint ♦︎ restraint ♦︎ limitation ♦︎ ceiling ♦︎ curb ♦︎ checkThese are all words for sth that limits what you can do or what can happen. 这些词均表示限制、限定、制约。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / a ceiling / curbs / checks on sth◆limits / limitations / checks to sth◆without limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / checks◆severe limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / checks◆tight limits / restrictions / controls / constraints◆effective limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints◆an artificial limit / restriction / constraint◆to impose limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / a ceiling / curbs / checks◆to place limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations / a ceiling / checks◆to introduce limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / limitations / curbs / checks◆to remove / accept limits / restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / limitations◆to lift restrictions / controls / constraints / restraints / the ceiling◆to tighten / relax restrictions / controls / constraints◆to act as a control / constraint / restraint / limitation / ceiling / curb / check■ limit [countable] the greatest or smallest amount of sth that is allowed 极限；限量；限额◆The EU has set strict limits on pollution levels.欧盟对污染程度定下了严格的限制。◆He admitted that he had broken the speed limit.他承认超速驾驶。◆You can't drive－you're over the limit (= you have drunk more alcohol than is legal when driving).你饮酒过量，不能驾车。◆It is our job to keep government spending within acceptable limits.我们的职责是使政府的开支保持在可接受的限额内。 see also limit ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth phrasal verb ■ restriction [countable] (rather formal) a rule or law that limits what you can do 限制规定；限制法规◆Speed restrictions are in operation on the M4 due to poor visibility.由于能见度低，M4高速公路正在实施限速。◆The government has agreed to lift restrictions on press freedom.政府已经同意取消对新闻自由的限制。◆There are no restrictions on the amount of money you can withdraw.取款没有限额。 see also restrict ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth phrasal verb ■ control [uncountable, countable] (often in compounds 常构成复合词) the act of limiting or managing sth; a method of doing this 限制；管制；约束◆traffic control交通管制◆talks on arms control军备控制谈判◆A new advance has been made in the control of malaria.在控制疟疾方面已取得新的进展。◆government controls on trade and industry政府对工商业的管理◆Price controls on food were ended.对食品价格的控制已告结束。◆A pest control officer was called in to deal with the rat problem.一名虫害防治员被请来应对鼠害问题。■ constraint [countable] (rather formal) a fact or decision that limits what you can do 限制；限定；约束◆We have to work within severe constraints of time and money.我们不得不在时间紧迫、资金紧缺的限制下工作。◆This decision will impose serious financial constraints on all schools.这项决定将使所有学校受到严格的财务限制。 see also constrain ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth phrasal verb ■ restraint [countable, usually plural, uncountable] (rather formal) a decision, rule, idea, etc. that limits what you can do; the act of limiting sth because it is necessary or sensible to do so 管制措施；制约因素；（必要或合理的）控制，限制◆The government has imposed export restraints on some products.政府对一些产品实行了出口限制。◆There are certain social restraints on drinking alcohol.在饮酒方面存在着某些社会制约因素。◆The unions are unlikely to accept any sort of wage restraint.这些工会不可能接受任何形式的工资限制。◆They said that they would fight without restraint (= completely freely) for what they wanted.他们说，为达目的，他们会无所顾忌地抗争到底。■ limitation [uncountable, countable] the act or process of limiting sth; a rule, fact or condition that limits sth 限制；控制；限制措施；制约条件◆They would resist any limitation of their powers.他们会抵制对他们权力的任何限制。◆Disability is a physical limitation on your life.残疾在生理上限制了你的生活。◆There should be no limitations to progress in the talks.谈判的进展情况不应受到任何制约。NOTE 辨析 Restriction, constraint, restraint or limitation?These are all things that limit what you can do. A restriction is rule or law that is made by sb in authority. A constraint is sth that exists rather than sth that is made, although it may exist as a result of sb's decision. A restraint is also sth that exists: it can exist outside yourself, as the result of sb else's decision; but it can also exist inside you, as a fear of what other people may think or as your own feeling about what is acceptable. 这些词均表示限制，其中restriction指权威人士制定的规定或法规；constraint指现存的限制或约束而非作出的规定，尽管这种约束也可能是因他人的决定而存在；restraint也指现存的限制或制约因素，既可能指自身之外的因素，如他人的决定；也可能指自身因素，如担心别人的想法或顾虑自己的做法能否被接受◆moral / social / cultural / conventional restraints道德／社会／文化／习俗的制约因素A limitation is more general and can be a rule that sb makes or a fact or condition that exists. * limitation使用比较普遍，可指某人作出的限制规定，也可指现存的制约因素或条件。 ■ ceiling [countable] the highest limit on sth such as prices or wages （价格、工资等的）最高限度，上限，最大限量◆They have put a ceiling on the price of fuel.他们规定了燃料价格的上限。◆The government has decided to lift price ceilings on bread and milk.政府已决定取消对面包和牛奶的最高限价。■ curb /kɜːb; NAmE kɜːrb/ [countable] a rule or action that limits the level, amount or degree of sth （对水平、数量或程度）起限制作用的规定（或行为）◆We are in favour of strict curbs on government spending.我们赞成对政府开支采取严格限制措施。◆Counselling acted as a curb on his violent behaviour.心理咨询对他的暴力行为起到了抑制作用。■ check [countable] (rather formal) something that slows down the progress of sth else or stops it from getting worse 阻碍进程的事物；防止恶化的事物◆A cold spring will provide a natural check on the number of insects.寒冷的春季会自然控制昆虫的数量。◆The House of Commons became the most fundamental check to the power of the British monarchy.下议院对英国君主的权力起到了最根本的制衡作用。 limit2 noun a speed/time/age limit 速度／时间／年龄限制a limit to what we can do 我们做事能力的限度limit ♦︎ line ♦︎ boundary ♦︎ parameter ♦︎ bounds ♦︎ frontier ♦︎ confines ♦︎ borderlineThese are all words for the edge of an area of thought, behaviour or possibility, or the division between one area of thought, etc. and another. 这些词均表示思想、行为或可能性的限度、界限或分界线。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the line / boundary / borderline between sth and sth else◆beyond the limits / boundaries / parameters / bounds / frontiers / confines of sth◆within the limits / boundaries / parameters / bounds / confines of sth◆outside the limits / parameters / bounds / confines of sth◆at the limits / boundaries / frontiers / borderline of sth◆on the boundary / borderline between / of sth◆to extend the limits / boundaries / parameters / bounds / frontiers of sth◆to set / define / establish the limits / boundaries / parameters / bounds of sth◆to cross the boundary / borderline between / of sth■ limit [countable] the point at which sth stops being possible or existing 限度；极限◆There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。◆There is no limit to what we can achieve.我们可实现的目标是没有极限的。◆Our finances have been stretched to the limit.我们的财力已经消耗殆尽。◆She pushed me to the limit of my abilities.她把我推到了能力的极限。◆She knew the limits of her power.她知道自己的权限。■ line [countable] the division between one area of thought or behaviour and another （思想或行为的）界限，分界线◆We want to cut across lines of race, sex and religion.我们想超越种族、性别和宗教的界限。◆There is a fine line between showing interest in what someone is doing and interfering in it.关心别人正在做的事情和插手其中之间存在着细微的差别。◆There is no clear dividing line between what is good and what is bad.好事与坏事之间没有明显的分界线。■ boundary / /baʊndri/ / [countable] something that marks the limits or edges of one area of thought or behaviour and/or separates it from another （思想或行为的）边界，界限，分界线◆It is up to the teacher to set the boundary between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour.划清可为与不可为之间的界限是老师的职责。◆Scientists continue to push back the boundaries of human knowledge.科学家不断扩大人类知识的范围。NOTE 辨析 Line or boundary?A line between two areas of thought or behaviour is sth that exists and often needs to be judged carefully. A boundary does not just exist: it has to be decided by sb. * line指两种思想或行为之间现存的、而且经常需要仔细判断的界限；boundary不仅是现存的，而且是必须由某人来规定的界限◆no clear dividing boundary ◆a fine boundary between ◆It is up to the teacher to set the line... Boundary often directs your attention to what lies within the boundaries, which mark the edge of what you are considering: you can push back/extend the boundaries of sth but not◆push back/extend the lines * boundary常把人的注意力引向界限内的东西，这就限定了考虑的范围。可以说push back/extend the boundaries of sth，但不说push back/extend the lines。 ■ parameter / /pəˈræmɪtə(r)/ / [countable, usually plural] (formal) something that marks the limits of what you are considering or how sth can be done 规范；范围◆We need to define the parameters of this debate.我们需要为这次辩论设定规范。◆We had to work within the parameters that had already been established.我们必须在设定的范围内工作。■ bounds / /baʊndz/ / [plural] (rather formal) the accepted or furthest limits of sth 限制范围；极限◆Public spending must be kept within reasonable bounds.公共开支必须控制在合理的范围内。◆It was not beyond the bounds of possibility that they would meet again one day.他们有一天会再度相遇，这不是没有可能。◆His enthusiasm knew no bounds (= was very great).他的热情无比高涨。■ frontier /ˈfrʌntɪə(r); NAmE frʌnˈtɪr/ [countable, usually plural] the limits of what is known about sth or what sb/sth can do 学科的尖端；权力的边缘◆This research programme aims to push back the frontiers of science.本科研项目力争开拓科学前沿。■ confines /ˈkɒnfaɪnz; NAmE ˈkɑːnfaɪnz/ [plural] (formal) a limited amount of space within walls or other barriers; the limits of what is known, allowed or possible in a situation （墙壁等围成的）范围；界限；边界◆He spent three years within the narrow confines of the prison.他在狭小的监狱里度过了三年时间。◆She wanted to experience things outside the close confines of family life.她想体验一些超出家庭小圈子的事情。 see also confine sb/sth to sth ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth NOTE 辨析 Frontiers or confines? Confines emphasizes how little space, knowledge etc. there is; frontiers emphasizes how much knowledge there is and how it is increasing. * confines强调空间或知识等范围的狭窄，frontier强调知识的多少以及如何增长。■ borderline [countable] the division between two qualities or conditions （两种特质或状况之间的）分界线◆The biography sometimes crosses the borderline between fact and fiction.这部传记有时混淆了事实与虚构的分界线。 see also borderline ⇨ vague adj. edge noun edge ♦︎ end ♦︎ side ♦︎ perimeter ♦︎ limit ♦︎ fringe ♦︎ periphery ♦︎ marginThese are all words for the part of sth that is furthest away from the centre. 这些词均表示边缘、外围。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆at the edge / end / side / perimeter / limits / fringe / periphery / margins◆on the edge / end / side / perimeter / fringe / periphery / margins◆beyond the edge / end / perimeter / limits / fringe / margins◆along / around the edge / sides / perimeter / fringe / periphery / margins◆the outer edge / end / perimeter / limit / fringe / periphery / margins of sth◆the inner edge / end / perimeter of sth◆the northern / eastern / southern / western edge / end / side / limit / fringe / periphery / margins of sth◆the very edge / end / limit / fringe of sth◆to reach the edge / end / perimeter / limit / fringe / periphery◆to remain on / stand on the edge / end / fringe■ edge [countable] the outside limit of an object, area or surface; the part furthest from the centre 边；边缘；边线◆He stood on the edge of the cliff.他站在悬崖边上。◆They live right on the edge of town.他们就住在城市的边缘。◆I sat down at the water's edge.我在水边坐了下来。◆Stand the coin on its edge and spin it.把硬币竖起来旋转。◆She tore the page out roughly, leaving a ragged edge in the book.她粗暴地撕下那一页，在书中留下了参差不齐的撕痕。OPP the middle ⇨ middle ■ end [countable] the part of an object or place that is the furthest from its centre, front or from where you are 末端；尽头；末梢◆Turn right at the end of the road.在路的尽头向右拐。◆That's his wife sitting at the far end of the table.坐在桌子远端的那位就是他的妻子。◆Go to the end of the line!站到队尾去！◆You've got something on the end of your nose.你的鼻尖上沾了些东西。◆Tie the ends of the string together.把绳子的两端系在一起。◆These two products are from opposite ends of the price range.这两款产品一款是价格最高的，一款是价格最低的。◆We walked along the whole promenade from end to end.我们沿着海滨大道从这头一直走到另一头。◆They arranged the tables end to end.他们把桌子连成一排。◆Stand the box on end.把盒子竖起来。◆They live in the end house.他们住在最末端的房子里。OPP the middle ⇨ middle ■ side [countable] a part of an object or place near the edge and away from the middle 边缘；边◆She sat on the side of the bed.她坐在床边。◆A van was parked at the side of the road.路边停着一辆面包车。◆the south side of the lake湖的南侧 OPP the middle ⇨ middle NOTE 辨析 Edge, end or side?The edge of an object or area goes all the way around it; the two ends of an object or area are points on the edge that are opposite each other with the longest distance between them; the sides of an object or area are the parts of the edge that are opposite each other but do not have the longest distance between them. * edge指环绕某物或区域的边缘；end指某物或区域内相隔距离最远的两端；side指某物或区域内相对的两侧，之间的距离不一定最远。■ perimeter / /pəˈrɪmɪtə(r)/ / [countable] (rather formal) the furthest edge of an enclosed area of land （围起来的土地的）外缘，边缘◆Guards patrol the perimeter of the estate.保安人员在庄园四周巡逻。◆There is a 15-foot perimeter fence.四周围着15英尺的栅栏。■ limit [countable] the furthest edge of an area or place （地区或地方的）境界，界限，范围◆We were reaching the limits of civilization.我们快到蛮荒地界了。◆The houses lie outside the city limits (= the official boundary of the city).这些房子位处城市地界以外。■ fringe [countable] a narrow strip of trees or buildings along the edge of sth （沿⋯边缘的）一排（树木或房屋）◆West of the river there was a fringe of woodland along its bank.河的西岸是一片树林。◆Along the coast, an industrial fringe had already developed.沿海一片带状工业区已经发展起来。ⓘ In British English a fringe can also be the furthest edge of an area or group. 在英式英语中fringe还可以指地区或群体的边缘◆The factories are located on the northern fringes of the city.这些工厂坐落在城市的北部边缘。 ■ periphery / /pəˈrɪfəri/ / [countable, usually singular] (formal) the furthest edge of an area; the less important part of an activity or political or social group （地区的）边缘，外围；（活动、政治或社会团体的）次要部分◆There is a lot of industrial development on the periphery of the town.城镇的周边地区发展了很多工业。◆It is a minor party on the periphery of American politics.这是处于美国政治边缘的一个小党派。 see also peripheral ⇨ minor ■ margin /ˈmɑːdʒɪn; NAmE ˈmɑːrdʒən/ [countable] (formal) the furthest edge of an area, especially an area of water; the less important part of an activity or political or social group （尤指水域的）边缘；（活动、政治或社会团体的）次要部分◆The island is on the eastern margin of the Indian Ocean.该岛位于印度洋东缘。◆These are desperate people, often homeless, living on the margins of society.这些人绝望无助，大多无家可归，生活在社会的边缘。 limit verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth 另见confine sb/sth to sth条limit ♦︎ control ♦︎ restrict ♦︎ curb ♦︎ contain ♦︎ check ♦︎ cap ♦︎ rein sth in ♦︎ suppress ♦︎ hold/keep sth in checkThese words all mean to stop sth increasing beyond a particular amount or level, from spreading or from getting worse. 这些词均表示限制、抑制。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be limited / restricted to sth◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / check / cap / rein in spending◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / check growth◆to limit / control / curb / contain / check inflation◆to keep spending / inflation / growth in check◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / cap expenditure◆to limit / control / curb / contain / check the spread of sth◆to limit / control / check the expansion of sth◆to limit / control / restrict the size / number / extent / amount of sth◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / check your speed◆to drastically / greatly / severely limit / restrict / curb sth■ limit [transitive] to stop sth from increasing beyond a particular amount or level 限制；限定◆Calorie intake is strictly limited to 1 000 a day.热量的摄入严格限定在每天1 000大卡。◆The amount of money you have to spend will limit your choice.你要消费的金额限制着你的选择。◆They introduced measures to limit carbon dioxide emissions from cars.他们采取了措施限制汽车二氧化碳的排放。◆There is no evidence that the restrictions have limited the effectiveness of the advertising.没有证据表明这些规定制约了广告的效果。■ control (-ll-) [transitive] to limit sth or make it happen in a particular way 控制；限制；限定◆The government has announced new measures to control immigration.政府已宣布了限制外来移民的新措施。◆Many biological processes are controlled by hormones.许多生理过程都是由激素控制的。◆Parents should control what their kids watch on television.家长应该限定孩子看什么样的电视节目。■ restrict [transitive] to limit the size, amount or range of sth 限制，限定（规模、数量或范围）◆We restrict the number of students per class to ten.我们把每个班的学生人数限定为十人。◆They tried to control traffic congestion by restricting entry to the city.他们试图通过限定进城车辆的数量来防止交通拥堵。◆Fog severely restricted visibility.浓雾严重影响了能见度。◆There have been several attempts to restrict the sale of alcohol.曾做过几次限制酒精饮料销售的尝试。NOTE 辨析 Limit or restrict?In many cases you can use either word; however, restrict is used more often to talk about limiting what people can do; limit is used both for limiting what people can do and for controlling the effects of sth. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，但restrict更多指限定人的行为，limit既可指限定人的行为，也可指控制某事的效果◆to restrict carbon dioxide emissions from cars ◆to restrict the effectiveness of advertising ■ curb [transitive] to control or limit sth, especially sth bad 控制，抑制，约束（有害事物）◆A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation.为了抑制通货膨胀已实施了一系列的政策。◆This legislation will greatly curb the power of local authorities.这次立法将大大限制地方当局的权力。■ contain [transitive] (written) to stop sth harmful from spreading or getting worse 防止⋯蔓延；防止⋯恶化◆Far more could have been done to contain the epidemic.本可以做更多事情来防止此次流行病的蔓延。◆He introduced repressive measures to contain the violence.他采取了一些遏止暴力行为的镇压措施。■ check [transitive] to stop sth bad from continuing 控制，抑制，阻止（有害事物）◆The government is determined to check the growth of public spending.政府决心要控制公共开支的增长。◆She tied some strips of cloth around the wound to check the bleeding.她在伤口上缠了些布条来止血。NOTE 辨析 Curb, contain or check?To contain a problem is to stop it from getting worse or spreading over a larger area, but without actually getting rid of it from the areas where it already exists; to curb sth is to reduce it to a lower level; to check sth is to stop it altogether. * contain指防止问题恶化或蔓延，但并不能将其根除；curb指降低严重程度；check则指完全控制住。■ cap (-pp-) [transitive, usually passive] (especially BrE) to limit the amount of money that can be charged for sth or spent on sth 限额收取（或支出）◆We will continue to cap local government spending where necessary.必要时我们将继续限制地方政府的开支额度。◆The total annual fee is capped at 1.5 per cent.年费总额限定在1.5%。■ ˌrein sth ˈin to start to control sth strictly, especially after it has been increasing too quickly （尤指增速过快后）严格控制，加强管理◆This is part of a battle to rein in public spending on health.此举是严控公共医疗开支这一艰巨工作的一环。◆If the situation continues, she may not be able to rein in the military much longer.如果这种局面继续下去，她对军队的控制力也许就维持不了多久了。■ suppress / /səˈpres/ / [transitive] (written) to stop sth from growing, developing or continuing, especially a natural process or function 压制，阻止，抑制（自然过程或功能）◆Slimming drugs do help to suppress appetite.减肥药确实能够抑制食欲。◆A 5 cm layer will suppress weed growth.一层5厘米厚的覆盖物就能抑制杂草的生长。OPP stimulate ⇨ stimulate ■ hold sth in ˈcheck■ keep sth in ˈcheck idiom (held, held; kept, kept)to control sth that could be a problem, so that it does not spread or get worse 控制，制止（以免蔓延或恶化）◆They want interest rates kept in check.他们希望利率控制在合理范围之内。◆We need to keep the rabbit population in check.我们需要控制兔子的数量。 confine sb/sth to sth phrasal verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ limit verb 另见limit动词词条confine sb/sth to sth ♦︎ limit ♦︎ constrain ♦︎ restrictThese words all mean to keep sb/sth within particular limits. 这些词均表示限制、限定、约束。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to confine / limit / restrict sb / sth to sth◆to confine / limit / restrict yourself to sth◆to confine / restrict a discussion / your attention to sth◆severely constrained / restricted■ confine sb/sth to sth phrasal verb [often passive] to keep sb/sth inside the limits of a particular activity, subject or area, especially by making a deliberate decision to do this （尤指有意）限制，限定◆The work will not be confined to the Glasgow area.这项工作不会局限于格拉斯哥地区。◆I will confine myself to looking at the period from 1900 to 1916.我将把自己考察的范围限定在1900年至1916年这段时间内。 see also confines ⇨ limit noun 2 ■ limit [transitive, often passive] to control the amount of sth that you or sb can have or use; to make sth exist or happen only in a particular place or within a particular group 限量；限制；限定◆Families are limited to four free tickets each.每户限发四张免费票。◆I've limited myself to 1 000 calories a day to try and lose weight.我为了减肥，限定自己每天只摄取1 000卡的热量。◆Violent crime is not limited to big cities.暴力犯罪并不仅限于大城市。 see also limit ⇨ limit noun 1 ■ constrain / /kənˈstreɪn/ / [transitive, often passive] (formal) to force sb/sth to be kept within a particular limit or not to develop properly 限定；限制；阻碍（发展）◆Research has been constrained by a lack of funds.研究因为经费不足而受到限制。◆She felt constrained from continuing by the threat of losing her job.由于受到失业的威胁，她感到很难再坚持下去。 see also constraint ⇨ limit noun 1 ■ restrict [transitive] to control sth with rules or laws, especially ones that allow only a particular group to do or have sth; to allow yourself or sb to have only a limited amount of sth or to do only a particular kind of activity （以法规）限制（尤指仅允许特定群体做某事或拥有某物）；约束；管束◆Access to the club is restricted to members only.俱乐部仅对会员开放。◆I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day.我限制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。 see also restriction ⇨ limit noun 1 |