| 例句 |
command noun
⇨ control (the chain of command) ⇨ order (the command to retreat)command verb
⇨ order 1 (command sb to do sth) ⇨ run 2 (command the troops) control noun control ♦︎ power ♦︎ rule ♦︎ authority ♦︎ jurisdiction ♦︎ discipline ♦︎ command ♦︎ hold ♦︎ grasp ♦︎ forceThese are all words for the ability that a person or group has to control sb/sth else. 这些词均表示控制力、操纵力。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆control / power / rule / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb / sth◆a hold / grasp on sb / sth◆to be in control / power / authority / command / force◆to be under sb's control / rule / authority / jurisdiction / command◆to be beyond / outside the control / power / authority / jurisdiction of sb◆the power / authority / jurisdiction to do sth◆absolute / complete control / power / authority / command◆direct control / rule / authority / command◆to have control / power / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb / force◆to exercise control / power / authority / jurisdiction◆to take control / power / command◆to assume control / power / authority / command◆to give sb control / power / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb◆to delegate power / authority / command (to sb)◆to lose control / power / authority / command / your hold on sth◆to relinquish control / power / command / your hold on sth■ control [uncountable] the power to make decisions about how a country, an area, an organization or sb's life is run; the ability to make sb/sth do what you want （对国家、地区、机构或人的）管理权，控制权，支配权；控制（或操纵）能力◆The party is expecting to gain control of the council in the next election.该党期待着下次选举能获得对地方议会的控制权。◆The aim is to give people more control over their own lives.目的是让人能对自己的生活有更多的自主权。◆The city is under enemy control.那座城市在敌人控制之下。◆The teacher had no control over the children.那个老师管不住学生。◆She struggled to keep control of her voice.她竭力控制住自己的声音。◆She lost control of her car on the ice.她在冰上开车失去了控制。◆Owing to circumstances beyond our control the flight to Rome has been cancelled.由于出现了无法控制的情况，飞往罗马的航班已经取消。 see also self-control ⇨ restraint , controlled ⇨ disciplined ■ power [uncountable] the ability to control people or things; political control of a country or area 控制力；影响力；统治；政权◆He has the power to make life very difficult for us.他权力很大，可以把我们整得狼狈不堪。◆The Emperor had absolute power over all his subjects.皇帝对所有的臣民拥有绝对权力。◆She was determined to go through with her plan, now that she had him in her power (= was able to do what she liked with him).既然可以摆布他，她决定把她的计划实施到底。◆The party came to power at the last election.该党在上次选举中当选执政。◆He seized power in a military coup.他在一次军事政变中夺了权。◆It was the beginning of a power struggle between rival factions within the party.这是该党内部对立派系间权力斗争的开始。◆The war brought about a shift in the balance of power.那场战争使势力的均衡发生了转变。 see also office ⇨ role ■ rule [uncountable] the government of a country or area by a particular person, group or political system （特定的人、团体或政治体系对国家或地区的）统治，管理◆There was a gradual process of returning the country to civilian rule.将那个国家恢复到文官统治经历了一个渐进的过程。◆The country remained under direct rule by the occupying powers.那个国家仍在占领势力的直接统治下。ⓘ Rule often refers to control by an outside country or group, by a political system which allows little freedom, or sth which contrasts with this. * rule常指外国或外部集团的控制，以及专制或非专制政体的统治◆colonial / British / Ottoman rule殖民地的／英国的／奥斯曼的统治◆Fascist / military rule法西斯主义／军事统治◆a return to civilian / democratic / majority rule回到文官／民主／多数派统治 see also rule ⇨ rule verb 1 ■ authority [uncountable] the power to give orders to people 权力；威权；当权◆She now has authority over the people who used to be her bosses.她现在管辖着曾是她上司的那些人。◆Nothing will be done because no one in authority (= who has the power to do sth) takes the matter seriously.什么也办不了，因为掌权的谁也不认真对待这个问题。■ jurisdiction /ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃn; NAmE ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃn/ [uncountable, countable] (formal) the power that an official organization has to make legal decisions about sb/sth 司法权；审判权；管辖权◆These matters do not fall within our jurisdiction.这些事情不归我们管辖。◆The agreement doesn't come under the jurisdiction of the EU courts.该协议不归欧盟法院管辖。■ discipline [uncountable] the practice of training people to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not; the controlled behaviour or situation that results from this training 守纪训练；训导；纪律；风纪◆The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline.这所学校以纪律严明著称。◆Strict discipline is imposed on army recruits.新兵受到严格的纪律训练。◆She keeps good discipline in class.她严格执行课堂纪律。 see also discipline ⇨ punish verb , disciplined ⇨ disciplined , self-discipline ⇨ restraint ■ command [uncountable] the power to give orders to a group of people, especially in the armed forces or police （尤指对军队或警察的）控制，管辖，指挥◆He has 1 200 men under his command.他掌管着1 200人。◆Who's in command here?这里谁主事？◆The police arrived and took command of the situation.警方到达后控制了局势。 see also command ⇨ order verb 1 , command ⇨ run 2 ■ hold [singular] influence or control over a person or situation （对人或局势的）影响，控制◆What she knew about his past gave her a hold over him.她知道他的过去，所以能够控制他。◆Enemy forces have consolidated their hold on the northern province.敌军已经巩固了他们对北部省份的控制。■ grasp [singular] (rather informal) control over a situation, especially when it is hard to hold on to （尤指对难以控制的局势的）掌控◆The company continues to maintain its grasp on the business computer market.那家公司继续维持着对商用电脑市场的控制。◆Don't let the situation escape from your grasp.别让局面失控。NOTE 辨析 Hold or grasp?In this meaning, a hold is stronger than a grasp. You have, strengthen or consolidate a hold. A grasp has to be maintained or things may slip or escape from it. 表达此义时，hold语气比grasp强。hold可以作have、strengthen或consolidate的宾语。grasp则可以作maintain、slip或escape from的宾语。■ force [uncountable] the authority of a law or rule （法律或规定的）权力，效力◆These guidelines do not have the force of law.这些指导原则不具有法律效力。◆The court ruled that these standards have force in British law.法院裁定，这些标准在英国法律中具有效力。 order noun order ♦︎ instruction ♦︎ injunction ♦︎ directive ♦︎ decree ♦︎ commandThese are all words for sth that sb is told to do, especially by sb in authority. 这些词均表示指示、命令。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆under sb's orders / sb's instructions / an injunction / a directive / a decree◆in accordance with an order / instructions / a directive / a decree◆by order / decree◆(a) written order / instructions / directive◆(a) clear order / instructions / directive / command◆(a) direct / final order / instructions / command◆to issue an order / instructions / an injunction / a directive / a decree / a command◆to obey / ignore an order / instructions / an injunction / a directive / a command◆to sign an order / an injunction / a directive / a decree◆to implement / follow / comply with an order / instructions / a directive◆to give / receive / carry out an order / instructions / a command■ order [countable] something that sb is told to do by sb in authority 指示；命令◆He gave orders for the work to be started.他下令开始工作。◆The general gave the order to advance.将军下令前进。◆I'm under orders not to let anyone in.我奉命不准任何人进入。◆Interest rates can be controlled by order of the central bank.利率可由中央银行管控。◆I don't take orders from you!我不听你的吩咐！◆Under the court order, she is allowed no contact with him.依法庭庭谕，她不得与他接触。■ instruction [countable, usually plural] something that sb tells you to do 指示；命令；吩咐◆She called you on my instructions.她遵照我的指示给你打电话。◆He left strict instructions that the box should only be opened after his death.他严格吩咐，那个盒子必须在他死后才能打开。◆She carried out his instructions to the letter (= followed them in every detail).她一丝不苟地执行他的命令。■ injunction / /ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃn/ / [countable] (law 法律) an official order given by a court which demands that sth must or must not be done （法院的）强制令，禁制令◆The court granted an injunction against the defendants.法庭对被告发出了禁制令。◆She took out an injunction to prevent the press from publishing the information.她拿到了一份阻止新闻媒体发布这条消息的禁制令。◆It was agreed that the temporary injunction should be lifted.大家一致同意应该解除临时强制令。ⓘ In formal English, injunction can also have the more general meaning of 'a warning from sb in authority'. 在正式英语中，injunction还有更一般性的意义为“警告、指令、命令”◆The rank and file members will follow the injunction of the party leadership.普通党员一定要遵循党领导的指示。 ■ directive / /dəˈrektɪv, dɪrektɪv, daɪrektɪv/ [countable] an official instruction, especially about how sth should be done （尤指关于某事应该怎么做的）指示，命令◆The EU has issued a new set of directives on pollution.欧盟发布了一系列关于污染的新指令。◆Don't start anything without a clear directive from management.没有管理层的明确指示，不要着手做任何事情。■ decree /dɪˈkriː/ / [countable, uncountable] an official order from a ruler or government that becomes law 法令；政令◆In an emergency decree, the government banned all political gatherings.政府在一项紧急法令中禁止所有政治集会。◆The general ruled by decree.将军实行专制统治。 see also decree ⇨ rule verb 2 ■ command [countable] an order given to a person, especially by a military officer, or to an animal （尤指军队长官的或给动物的）命令◆He issued the command to retreat.他下令撤退。◆Begin when I give the command.我发命令就开始。◆She has been teaching her dog simple commands.她一直在教她的狗服从简单的指令。 order1 verb order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事order goods/a taxi/a meal 订货；叫出租车；点餐arrangeorder your thoughtsrankordered alphabeticallyrule2order that sth must happen ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ rule verb 2 另见rule动词词条第2义order ♦︎ tell ♦︎ instruct ♦︎ direct ♦︎ commandThese words all mean to use your position of authority to say to sb that they must do sth. 这些词均表示命令、指挥、要求。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to order / tell / instruct / direct / command sb to do sth◆to order / tell / instruct / direct / command sb that...◆to order / instruct / direct / command that...◆to do sth as ordered / told / instructed / directed / commanded◆to specifically / expressly order / tell / instruct / direct / command (sb to do sth)■ order [transitive] to use your position of authority to tell sb to do sth 命令；指挥；要求◆The officer ordered them to fire.军官命令他们开火。◆The government has ordered an investigation into the accident.政府下令调查事故。◆They were ordered out of the class for fighting.他们因打架被勒令离开课室。◆'Come here at once!' she ordered.“马上过来！”她命令道。◆Stop trying to order me around!别老是对我呼来喝去的！■ tell (told, told) [transitive] to say to sb that they must or should do sth 命令；指示；吩咐◆He was told to sit down and wait.有人吩咐他坐下等着。◆There was a sign telling motorists to slow down.有一个让汽车司机减速的指示牌。◆I kept telling myself to keep calm.我不断叮嘱自己要保持冷静。◆The doctor told me (that) I should lose some weight.医生嘱咐我要减肥。◆Don't tell me what to do!别支使我做事！◆Do as you're told!照吩咐的做！■ instruct [transitive] (rather formal) to tell sb to do sth, especially in a formal or official way （尤指以正式或官方的方式）指示，命令，吩咐◆The letter instructed him to report to headquarters immediately.那封信指示他立即去总部报到。◆You will be instructed where to go as soon as the plane is ready.飞机一准备好就会通知你去何处。◆She arrived at ten o'clock as instructed.她依照指示于10点钟到达。■ direct [transitive] (formal) to give an official order （正式）指示，命令◆The judge directed the jury to return a verdict of not guilty.法官指示陪审团作出无罪裁决。■ command /kəˈmɑːnd; NAmE kəˈmænd/ [transitive] to use your position of authority to tell sb to do sth 命令；指挥；要求◆He commanded his men to retreat.他命令手下撤退。◆She commanded the release of the prisoners.她下令释放囚犯。 see also command ⇨ control noun NOTE 辨析 Order or command? Order is a more general word than command and can be used about anyone in a position of authority, such as a parent, teacher or government telling sb to do sth. Command is slightly stronger than order. It is the normal word to use about an army officer giving orders, or in any context where it is normal to give orders without any discussion about them. It is less likely to be used about a parent or teacher. * order含义较command宽泛，可指任何有权威的人命令他人，如父母、老师或政府下命令。command的语气稍强于order，一般用于部队长官发布命令，或指发布通常没有商量余地的命令，不大用于父母或老师下命令的情况。 run2 verb run to catch a bus 跑着去赶公共汽车run a business 经营企业run ♦︎ manage ♦︎ control ♦︎ be responsible for sb/sth ♦︎ be in charge ♦︎ direct ♦︎ administer ♦︎ commandThese words all mean to be in charge or in control of a business, organization, project or situation. 这些词均表示经营、管理或主持局面。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to run / manage / control a / an company / business / organization◆to run / manage / be responsible for a department◆to run / manage a hotel / store / club◆to run / manage / control / be responsible for / direct / administer a project◆to run / manage / be responsible for / administer a service◆to run / manage / administer a school◆to manage / control / be responsible for / be in charge of / direct operations◆to manage / administer a fund◆to be properly / efficiently run / managed / administered◆to be well / badly run / managed◆to be tightly run / managed / controlled◆to be centrally run / managed / controlled / directed / administered◆to be jointly run / managed / controlled / administered by / with sb■ run (running, ran, run) [transitive] to be in charge of a business, organization or project 管理，经营（企业、组织或项目）◆The shareholders want more say in how the company is run.股东们想要对公司的经营有更多发言权。◆The programme will be jointly run with NASA in the US.该项目将与美国国家航空航天局合办。◆It is a small, privately run (= not owned or controlled by a large organization) hotel.这是一家私营小旅馆。◆Stop trying to run my life (= organize it) for me.别老想操纵我的生活。■ manage [transitive, intransitive] to be in charge of a business, organization, project or team 管理，经营（企业、组织、项目或团队）◆Organizers are looking for someone to manage the project.组织者在找人负责这个项目。◆We need a new approach to managing our hospitals.我们需要采用新方法来管理我们的医院。◆We need people who are good at managing.我们需要擅长管理的人。 see also management ⇨ government 2 , management ⇨ management NOTE 辨析 Run or manage?These two verbs can often be used in the same way. 这两个动词用法常相同◆The hotel is run / managed by two brothers.酒店由兄弟俩经营。 Run emphasizes the tasks involved in the operation of a business－planning, ordering stock, organizing transport of goods, etc. Someone can run a small business (without any employees), part of a business, a department or a larger organization. Manage often refers to organizing other workers. A manager makes decisions about how a business, department, etc. is run, but they usually tell other people what to do rather than doing it themselves. * run强调企业运营中涉及的各项工作，如制订计划、订购货物、组织货物运输等。run可指一个人做小买卖（没有雇员），也可指负责企业的某项业务、一个部门或一家较大规模的企业。manage常指管理其他员工。做运营相关决定的人称为manager，但他们通常指示别人怎么做，而非自己做。 ■ control (-ll-) [transitive] to have power over a business, organization, project or country, so that you are able to decide how it is run 指挥，控制，掌管（企业、组织、项目或国家）◆The whole territory is now controlled by the army.现在全境都在军队的控制之下。◆By the age of 21 he controlled the company.他21岁就掌管了公司。■ be responsible for sb/sth phrase to have the job or duty of doing sth or taking care of sb/sth, so that you may be blamed if sth goes wrong 有责任；负责；承担义务◆Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.迈克负责整个项目的设计工作。◆Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be responsible for their children.即使父母不再共同生活，他们也要分别对子女负责。 see also responsibility ⇨ responsibility ■ be in charge phrase to be in the position of having control over sb/sth 主管，掌管，照管（某人或某物）◆I've usually been the one in charge of the petty cash.小额现金通常由我掌管。◆Who's in charge here?这里谁是负责人？ see also charge ⇨ responsibility ■ direct [transitive] to be in charge of a project or process 管理，监督，指导（项目或进程）◆He was asked to take command and direct operations.他奉命统率并指挥作战行动。 see also direction ⇨ government 2 , director ⇨ manager ■ administer [transitive, often passive] to manage and organize the affairs or a company, organization or country 管理（公司或组织）；治理（国家）◆The country has to face up to the high cost of administering medical services.国家必须正视医疗服务机构高昂的管理费用。◆The pension funds are administered by commercial banks.养老基金由商业银行运作管理。 see also administration ⇨ government 2 , administration ⇨ management , administrator ⇨ organizer ■ command [transitive] to be in charge of a group of people in the army, navy or air force 指挥，统率（军队）◆He was the officer commanding the troops in the Western region.他是统率西部地区部队的军官。◆The squadron was commanded by Major Frank Broad.这个中队由弗兰克•布罗德少校指挥。 see also command ⇨ control noun |