apply sanction/common sense采取制裁；运用常识special conditions apply按照特殊情况处理apply ♦︎ relate to sb/sth ♦︎ be about sth ♦︎ have/be to do with sth ♦︎ concern ♦︎ refer to sb/sth ♦︎ deal with sth ♦︎ treatThese words all mean to be relevant to or connected with sb/sth, or to have sb/sth as a subject.这些词均表示有关、涉及。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a rule / law applies to / relates to / concerns / refers to / deals with sth◆a chapter / poem is about / is concerned with / refers to / deals with sth◆a book / film is about / is concerned with / deals with sth◆to specifically / directly apply to / relate to / be about / have to do with / be concerned with / refer to / deal with sth■apply [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be relevant to or connected with sb/sth有关；涉及◆Special conditions apply if you are under 18.18岁以下者按特殊情况处理。◆What I am saying applies only to some of you.我所说的只涉及你们中的一些人。◆The word 'unexciting' could never be applied to her novels.“乏味”这个词绝对和她的小说不沾边儿。■relate to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be connected with sb/sth; to refer to sb/sth涉及；与⋯有关；谈到◆We shall discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case.我们应针对我们的具体情况来讨论这个问题。◆The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.第二段谈到苏格兰的形势。■be about sth
phrase
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to have sb/sth as a subject; to be the purpose of sth关于；目的是◆What's his new book about?他的新书是写什么的？◆Movies are all about making money these days(= they make movies for the purpose of making money).当今拍电影只为赚钱。◆What was all that about(= what was the reason for what has just happened)?这到底是怎么回事？ see also cover ⇨ include1■have to do with sth■be to do with sth
idiom
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be connected with sth; to be the reason for sth与⋯有关；是⋯的原因◆Her job has something to do with computers.她的工作与计算机有关。◆'What do you want to see me about?' 'It's to do with that letter you sent me.'“你想见我有什么事？”“是关于你寄给我的那封信。”◆Hard work has a lot to do with(= is an important reason for) her success.工作努力是她成功的重要原因。ⓘ You can also usehave/be to do with to talk about people, especially in negative sentences and questions. In these cases it means to be involved with sb, or to be of interest to sb for a good reason.也可以说have/be to do with sb，尤其在否定句和疑问句中，指与某人有关，或有充分理由使某人感兴趣◆I'd have nothing to do with him, if I were you.如果我是你，我不会跟他有任何瓜葛。◆Mind your own business－this is nothing to do with you.管好你自己的事吧－这事与你无关。■concern ( be concerned with sth) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (ratherformal) to have sb/sth as a subject涉及；与⋯有关◆The story concerns the prince's efforts to rescue Pamina.故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜。◆The book is primarily concerned with Soviet-American relations during the Cold War.这本书主要讲的是冷战时期的苏美关系。◆This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.本章旨在讲述历史背景。■reˈfer to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(-rr-)to describe or be connected to sb/sth描述；涉及；与⋯有关◆The term 'Arts' usually refers to humanities and social sciences.arts一词通常指人文和社会科学。◆This paragraph refers to the events of last year.这一段讲的是去年发生的事。■ˈdeal with sth
phrasal verb
(dealt, dealt) (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to have sth as a subject涉及；论及；关于◆Her poems often deal with the subject of death.她的诗常涉及死亡这一主题。◆The second half of the book deals exclusively with public relations.书的后半部分专门论及公共关系。NOTE辨析 Be about sth, concern or deal with sth?Be about sth is the most general of these expressions; concern and deal with sth both suggest a formal, serious or thorough discussion of a subject. * be about sth在三者中含义最广。concern和deal with sth均指对某个主题进行正式、严肃或深入的探讨。■treat [transitive] to deal with or discuss a subject in a particular way（以特定方式）阐述，讨论◆The question is treated in more detail in the next chapter.这个问题在下一章有更详细的论述。▸treatment
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆Shakespeare's treatment of madness in 'King Lear'莎士比亚在《李尔王》中对疯癫的处理手法