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| 例句 | Vowels
Consonants
American English Sounds/t̬/The /t/ in tap or sat is a voiceless sound. Many Americans, however, use a voiced sound like a quick /d/ for the /t/ in words like latter, party, and little. The t in these words, shown in this dictionary as /t̬/, sounds like the d in ladder, hardy, and middle. This sound usually occurs between vowels (especially before an unstressed vowel), between r and a vowel, or before a syllabic /l/. /t˺/This symbol means that many speakers pronounce a glottal stop in place of or together with /t/. A glottal stop is the sound in the middle of the expression uh oh. For example, in the words button /ˈbʌt˺n/ andfootball /ˈfʊt˺bɔl/ the t does not sound the same as in the word ton /tʌn/; it sounds like a short period of silence. The glottal stop usually occurs before a syllabic /n/ or a consonant that begins the next syllable. /t/ and /d/These symbols mean that these consonants may be either pronounced or left out. For example, the t inrestless /ˈrɛstlɪs/ and the d in grandfather /ˈgrændˌfɑðɚ/ are usually dropped in normal connected speech, even though it is considered more correct in slow, careful speech to pronounce the t and d in these words. /nʃ/Many speakers pronounce the sequence /nʃ/ as /ntʃ/. For example, attention /əˈtɛnʃən/, conscious /ˈkɑnʃəs/ may also be pronounced as /əˈtɛntʃən/, /ˈkɑntʃəs/. Only the pronunciation with /nʃ/ is shown. The Longman Vocabulary CheckerThe Longman Vocabulary Checker is a new feature of the Longman Advanced American Dictionary. To access it, click on ‘Home’ and select the Vocabulary Checker icon on the right of your screen. With the Longman Vocabulary Checker you can find out which type of vocabulary is used in the text you are reading and which words you should learn. The Vocabulary Checker highlights words from specific lists in any text you choose. The words that it will highlight are either from:
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The words which are part of the selected word list are highlighted in blue and statistics are given about words included or not included in the selected word list. The results of the check will help you decide which words you need to learn. These results also indicate the level of difficulty of a text: the more common words that are highlighted, the easier the text; the more academic words that are highlighted, the more difficult the text. The words which are not part of the selected word list appear as regular text, in black. Introduction Welcome to the Longman Thesaurus of American English. These pages will show you, step by step, how easy it is to use the website and how to get the most out of it. About this DictionaryCopyrightLongman Thesaurus of American English (paper and online) © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Pearson Education Limited Visit our website: http://www.longmandictionariesusa.com/ All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publishers. First edition published 2013 Words that the editors have reason to believe constitute trademarks have been described as such. However, neither the presence nor the absence of such a description should be regarded as affecting the legal status of any trademark. Longman American English Sound Database © Addison Wesley Longman Limited 1998 © Pearson Education Limited 1999-2011 Longman Interactive Exercise Bank © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Longman Corpus Examples Database © Pearson Education Limited 2002, 2013 AcknowledgementsEditorial Director Michael Mayor Publishing Manager Laurence Delacroix Managing Editor Chris Fox Senior Editor Karen Cleveland-Marwick Editors Elizabeth Beizai Stephen Handorf Lucy Hollingworth Elizabeth Manning Michael Murphy Martin Stark Karen Stern Project Management Alan Savill Writing Guide Section Lynn Bonesteel Robyn Brinks Lockwood Production Susan Braund Production Editor Paola Rocchetti Pronunciation Editor Dinah Jackson Proofreaders Pat Dunn Isabel Griffiths Ruth Hillmore Howard Sargeant Nicky Thompson Design Matthew Dickin Computational Linguist Allan Ørsnes Project and Database Administrator Denise McKeough Worksheets (Teachers’ Corner) Robyn Brinks Lockwood Karen Cleveland-Marwick The publishers would like to express their gratitude to their special adviser Dr. Kate Kinsella, Teacher Educator and National Academic Language and Literacy Consultant, for her support and highly informed guidance on this project. The Publishers would like to thank all the teachers who have helped with the development of this new Thesaurus: Raul Hurtado Jr, Maritza Olguin, Cassandra Roberts, Johnny E Gonzalez, Susan Watson, Priscilla Owren, Donna Amador, John Rivera, Rebecca Trissell, Kati Tobler, Claudia Rivera, Andrea Cabrera, Frances Bou, Fernando Zaike, Amy Lee, Anatoliy Verbin, Lisa Pesce, Simona McCray, Laura Fleder, Enid Villafane, Errol Lewis, Johanna, Kurt, Cheryl Madrid, Ruth Moore, Charl Norloff, Dorothy Schepps, Elly White, Tonie Badillo, Mary Beth Haan, Myshie Pagel, Tracy von Maluski, Carolina Boet, Lee Brochu, Marcella Baez,Frau, Marcello, Edith Gonzalez, Keri Kauk, Chris Sperry, Kathy Zimbaldi, Marcel Deleon, Maria Del Rocio Vargas, Judith Levy, Elisa Reyes, Kelley Baxter, Ginny Evans, Sarah Guedry, Ronica Hutson, Samantha Leinwands, Danielle Oakley, Dan Rosendahl, Holly Spinks, Marla Wharton, Elizabeth Fourzan, Myra Looper, Andrea Ramirez, Jennifer DeGraaf, Norma De La Rosa, Mary Lou Parker, Malin Jonsson, Agatha Munu, Rebecca Alvarado, Barrie S Mullian, Cristin Hickey, Katie Kennedy, Iiona Hanson, Kia McDaniel, Elizabeth Chewlin, Belinda Campbell, Mamiko Nakata, Nancy Joy Allchin, Carolyn Behram, Karen Hibbert, Joan Mitchell, Brittney Carlson, Melissa Nankin, Sonja Norwood, Erin Kirkland, Mary Lynn Poirier, Kent Adams, Joseph Halabi, David Allan, Abdou Hannaoui, Felicia Rose, Adam Kokosinski, Janna Corn, Kristine L Nazzal, Paula Leguizomon, Silna Abbato, Chris Abbato, Sandra Nunes, Mary Fodera, Veronica Tapanes, Lisa Pesce, Susan Price, Patricia McHugh, Jaclyn Pitula, Nelson Chew, Anatoliy Verbin, Dennis Robinson, Laura Fleder, Shari Friedman, Elizabeth Neblett, Shannonine M. 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英语同义词词典收录了6737条英语词条，基本涵盖了全部常用同义词或反义词的辨析及翻译，是英语学习的有利工具。