| 例句 |
bias noun
⇨ discrimination (a bias in favour of employers against employees) ⇨ tendency (classes with a strong practical bias)bias verb
⇨ influence discrimination noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ racism 另见racism条discrimination ♦︎ prejudice ♦︎ bias ♦︎ apartheid ♦︎ affirmative action ♦︎ intolerance ♦︎ favouritismThese are all words for the unfair treatment of a particular group in society, for example because of their race, sex or religion. 这些词均表示偏见、歧视。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆discrimination / prejudice / bias / intolerance / favouritism towards / toward sb / sth◆discrimination / prejudice / bias in favour of / against sb / sth◆sexual discrimination / prejudice / bias / apartheid◆racial / religious discrimination / prejudice / bias / intolerance◆race / class / age / political discrimination / prejudice / bias◆blatant / clear discrimination / prejudice / bias◆to have a prejudice / bias◆to show discrimination / prejudice / a bias / intolerance / favouritism◆to fight discrimination / prejudice / apartheid◆to reduce / eliminate discrimination / prejudice / bias■ discrimination / /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/ / [uncountable] (disapproving) unfair treatment of a particular person or group in society, for example because of their race, sex or religion 区别对待；歧视◆This is blatant discrimination against people with disabilities.这是对残疾人的公然歧视。◆Our policy forbids discrimination on the grounds of a person's race, sex or sexuality.我们的政策禁止在种族、性别或性取向上加以歧视。◆ (BrE, approving) Some colleges feel there is a real need for positive discrimination in favour of applicants from poorer backgrounds (= more favourable treatment for that group).有些院校认为确有必要对那些来自较贫困家庭的申请人实行积极的特别照顾。ⓘ In American English this is usually called affirmative action (see below). Reverse discrimination, in both British and American English, is the same policy when it is considered to be a bad thing. 在美式英语中，这种积极的区别对待通常称作affirmative action（见下面的分词条）。如果这种区别对待被看作是一件坏事，英式和美式英语都称之为reverse discrimination◆ (disapproving) The court heard arguments that programs to reserve some public works contracts for minorities cause reverse discrimination.法院听审了有关将公共工程合同预留给少数族裔的方案会造成逆向区别对待的论据。 see also segregation ⇨ division 1 , discriminatory ⇨ biased ▸ discriminate verb [intransitive] ◆practices that discriminate against women歧视妇女的做法◆It is illegal to discriminate on grounds of race, sex or religion.因种族、性别或宗教信仰而进行歧视是违法的。■ prejudice / /ˈpredʒudɪs/ / [uncountable, countable] (disapproving) an unreasonable dislike or negative attitude towards a particular person or group of people, especially when it is based on their race, religion, sex, etc. （尤指因种族、宗教或性别等形成的）偏见，成见◆Prejudice towards new immigrants meant that many were unable to find work.对新移民的偏见导致他们很多人找不到工作。◆He was just talking out of blind prejudice.他所说的话完全是出于盲目的成见。◆I'm afraid all the debate did was confirm my own prejudices.这次辩论的作用恐怕只是证实了我自己的偏见而已。ⓘ You can also have a prejudice in favour of a particular person or group, but this is less common than its negative meaning. * prejudice也可表示对特定的个人或群体的偏爱，但不如其负面意义常用◆I must admit to a prejudice in favour of British universities.我得承认我对英国大学有所偏爱。 see also prejudiced ⇨ biased ■ bias / /ˈbaɪəs/ / [uncountable, countable, usually singular] (disapproving) a strong feeling in favour of or against a particular group or side in an argument, often not based on a fair judgement 偏见；偏心；偏向◆There is plenty of evidence of gender bias in the classroom.大量证据表明课堂上存在性别偏见。◆Employers must consider all candidates without bias.雇主必须毫无成见地考虑所有求职者。◆There is a systematic bias in favour of employers in this country.这个国家体制上存在偏袒雇主的问题。 see also biased ⇨ biased ■ apartheid / /əˈpɑːtaɪt, əˈpɑːteɪt; NAmE əˈpɑːrtaɪt, əˈpɑːrteɪt/ [uncountable] the former political system in South Africa in which only white people had full political and social rights and other people, especially black people, were forced to live away from white people, go to separate schools, etc. 种族隔离（昔日南非的政治制度）◆Under apartheid, white people were not allowed to marry non-white people.种族隔离制度不允许白人与非白人通婚。◆He was jailed for advocating the violent overthrow of the apartheid system.他因倡导武力推翻种族隔离制度而入狱。ⓘ Although the apartheid system no longer exists in South Africa, the word apartheid is sometimes used about other situations in which one group of people is treated much worse than a more powerful group. 虽然种族隔离制度在南非已不复存在，但apartheid一词有时会用于其他场合，表示某个群体相对于另一更强势的群体而受到严重不公正的待遇◆ (disapproving) It was a system of educational apartheid in which children were divided, at the age of eleven, into 'achievers' and 'non-achievers'.孩子们在11岁时就被划分为成功者和失败者，这是一种教育隔离制度。 see also segregation ⇨ division 1 ■ afˌfirmative ˈaction /əˈfɜːmətɪv; NAmE əˈfɜːrmətɪv/ [uncountable] (usually approving) (in the US) the policy of giving special treatment or preference to members of groups likely to suffer discrimination, especially on the grounds of race 积极区别对待（美国对可能遭受种族歧视的人给予特别照顾的政策）◆The City Council implemented the affirmative action hiring plan in response to critics' charges that the police department did not reflect the city's racial make-up.针对警察局的人员构成不能体现该城市种族结构的批评，市政委员会实施了一项积极区别对待的雇用计划。■ intolerance /ɪnˈtɒlərəns; NAmE ɪnˈtɑːlərəns/ [uncountable] (rather formal, disapproving) the refusal to accept ideas or ways of behaving that are different from your own 偏执；褊狭；不容异见◆Refugees are people whose lives have been shattered by intolerance, persecution, torture and fear of death.所谓难民，就是那些生活被偏执、迫害、折磨和对死亡的恐惧所摧毁的人们。 OPP tolerance ⇨ patience see also intolerant ⇨ biased ■ favouritism (BrE) (NAmE favoritism) /ˈfeɪvərɪtɪzəm/ / [uncountable] (disapproving) a situation in which sb, especially sb in authority, treats one person better than others; the act of doing this 偏爱；偏袒◆She tries not to show any favouritism towards her own children.她尽量不对自己的孩子表现出偏心。 tendency noun tendency ♦︎ orientation ♦︎ bias ♦︎ propensity ♦︎ bentThese are all words for the way a person or thing often behaves or is likely to behave. 这些词均表示倾向、偏好、性情。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a tendency / an orientation / a bias toward / towards sth◆a tendency / a propensity to do sth◆a tendency / an orientation to sth◆a propensity / bent for sth◆a natural tendency / bias / propensity / bent◆an innate tendency / propensity◆to have a tendency / an orientation / a bias / a propensity / a bent■ tendency / /ˈtendənsi/ / [countable] a characteristic that makes sb/sth likely to behave in a particular way 倾向；偏好；性情◆This material has a tendency to shrink when washed.这种布料经洗涤容易收缩。◆There is a tendency for this disease to run in families.这种疾病易在家族里遗传。◆Several patients admitted to suicidal tendencies.几个病人承认有自杀倾向。 see also tendency ⇨ trend ▸ tend verb [transitive] ◆Women tend to live longer than men.女人往往比男人长寿。◆When I'm tired, I tend to make mistakes.我累了就容易出错。◆It tends to get very cold here in the winter.这里冬天往往会很冷。◆People tend to think that the problem will never affect them.人们往往认为这个问题绝不会影响到他们。■ orientation / /ˌɔːriənˈteɪʃn/ / [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) the type of aims or interests that a person or organization has; a person's basic beliefs or feelings about a particular subject 取向；立场；（个人的）基本信仰，态度◆The classes are essentially theoretical in orientation.这些课程的基本方向是理论性的。◆He belonged to a group with a specific religious and political orientation.他从属于某个有特定的宗教和政治取向的团体。◆legislation forbidding discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation (= whether sb is attracted to men, women or both) 禁止性取向歧视的法规■ bias / /ˈbaɪəs/ / [countable, usually singular] an interest or ability in one thing more than others 偏爱；偏重（某方面的能力）◆In British universities there was a bias towards pure science.英国的大学过去对纯科学有所偏爱。◆These classes have a strong practical bias.这些课程偏重实用。■ propensity / /prəˈpensəti/ / [countable, usually singular] (formal) a tendency to a particular kind of behaviour （行为方面的）倾向；习性◆There is an increased propensity for people to live alone.人们独自居住的倾向有所增加。◆They all knew about his propensity for violence.他们都知道他有暴力倾向。■ bent [countable, usually singular] a natural skill or interest in sth （某方面的）天赋，爱好◆Some students have no natural bent for literature at all.有些学生一点儿文学天赋都没有。 influence verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ affect 另见affect条influence ♦︎ sway ♦︎ prejudice ♦︎ sour ♦︎ poison ♦︎ biasThese words all mean to affect the way that sb thinks or behaves, or to change sb's opinion about sb/sth, especially in a negative or unfair way. 这些词均表示对某人的思想行为施加影响，尤指负面影响。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to influence / sway / prejudice / poison / bias sb / sth against sb / sth◆to influence / sway / bias sb / sth in favour of sb / sth◆to influence / bias sb / sth towards / toward sb / sth◆to influence / sway / bias the result of sth◆to influence / prejudice the outcome of sth◆to influence / sway a decision◆to sour / poison relations / the atmosphere◆to be easily influenced / swayed (by sth)■ influence [transitive] to have an effect on the way that sb behaves or thinks, especially by giving them an example to follow 影响；对⋯起作用◆His writings have influenced the lives of millions.他的著作影响了数百万人的人生。◆Her parents tried to influence her in her choice of career.她的父母试图影响她的职业选择。◆The wording of the question can influence how people answer.问题的措辞会影响人们的回答方式。 see also influence ⇨ affect verb ■ sway [transitive, often passive] to persuade or influence sb to believe sth or do sth, especially when they are forming an opinion or making a decision （尤指在某人形成看法或作决定时）施加影响，使信服◆The panel was not swayed by his arguments.他的论证并未使陪审团信服。◆Don't allow yourself to be swayed by emotion.别让自己为感情所左右。◆The speech was important in swaying public opinion.这场演说在影响舆论方面很重要。■ prejudice [transitive] to persuade or influence sb so that they have an unfair or unreasonable opinion about sb/sth 使怀有（或形成）偏见◆Some argued that the media attention had prejudiced the jury.有些人认为媒体的关注使陪审团形成了偏见。◆Poor handwriting might prejudice people against the applicant.字写得难看有可能让人对申请者产生偏见。 see also prejudiced ⇨ biased adj. ■ sour [intransitive, transitive] (written) (of relationships, attitudes, situations or people) to change so that they become less pleasant or friendly than before; to make sth do this （关系、态度、情况）恶化；（人）变坏；使恶化；使变坏◆The atmosphere in the house had soured.屋子里的气氛不对了。◆The disagreement over trade tariffs soured relations between the two countries.贸易关税上的分歧导致两国关系恶化。 see also sour ⇨ bitter adj. 2 ■ poison [transitive] (written) to change a relationship, situation or opinion so that it becomes unpleasant or unfriendly 使（关系或局面）恶化；使（看法）变差；败坏◆She succeeded in poisoning their minds against me.她如愿使他们仇视我。◆His comment served only to poison the atmosphere still further.他的评论只是令气氛更加恶化了。NOTE 辨析 Sour or poison? Poison is usually stronger than sour. If sth sours a relationship or situation it becomes less pleasant or friendly than before. If sth poisons it, it becomes very unpleasant or unfriendly, often involving strong feelings of anger or dislike. * poison语气通常比sour强烈。sour表示使关系或情况变坏；poison表示使关系或情况变得非常糟糕，常涉及强烈的愤恨或厌恶。■ bias / /ˈbaɪəs/ / [transitive] to have an unfair effect on sb's decisions or opinions; to change the result of sth so that it is not correct 使有偏见；使偏心；使结果产生偏差◆The newspapers have biased people against her.报章的报道使人们对她产生了偏见。◆The use of faulty equipment may have biased the result.可能是使用有缺陷的设备使结果产生了偏差。 see also biased ⇨ biased adj. |