contract noun ⇨contractcontract verb ⇨employ (be contracted to work until August)⇨shrink (glass contracts)⇨suffer from sth (contract malaria)
contract
noun
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ agreement1另见agreement条第1义contract ♦︎ treaty ♦︎ accord ♦︎ conventionThese are all words for an official agreement between people, organizations or countries.这些词均表示合同、合约、协议。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a contract / a treaty / an accord / a convention between sb and sb◆a contract / a treaty / an accord with sb◆a treaty / an accord / a convention on sth◆a contract / a treaty / an accord to do sth◆under (a) contract / a treaty / an accord / a convention◆a draft contract / treaty / accord / convention◆an international contract / treaty / accord / convention◆to sign a contract / a treaty / an accord / a convention◆to comply with a contract / a treaty / an accord / a convention◆to approve a contract / a treaty / an accord / a convention◆to ratify a treaty / an accord / a convention◆to accept / draw up / negotiate / conclude / violate a contract / a treaty / an accord■contract [countable] a formal written agreement between individuals, companies or organizations（个人、公司或机构间的）合同，合约，契约◆These clauses form part of the contract between buyer and seller.这些条款构成买卖双方所签合同的一部分。◆They won a contract for the delivery of five fighter planes.他们获得一份交付五架战斗机的合同。◆I was on a three-year fixed-term contract that expired last week.我签订的三年期合同于上周期满。◆She is under contract to(= has a contract to work for) a major US computer firm.她已签约为美国一家大型计算机公司工作。◆All employees have a written contract of employment.每个员工都有一份书面聘用合同。◆The offer has been accepted, subject to contract(= the agreement is not legally binding before contracts are signed).报价已获接受，尚待签约确实。◆They were sued for breach of contract(= not keeping to a contract).他们被指控违约。 see also contract ⇨ employverb■treaty [countable] a formal agreement between two or more countries（国家间的）条约，协定◆The government concluded a peace treaty with the rebels.政府和叛乱者签订了和平协定。◆The new law may be in breach of the Treaty of Rome.这项新法可能违反《罗马条约》。■accord /əˈkɔːd; NAmEəˈkɔːrd/ [countable] a formal agreement between two organizations or countries（两个机构或国家间的）协议，条约◆The countries drew up accords on economic and technical cooperation.两国草拟了经济和技术合作协议。■convention [countable] a formal agreement between countries or leaders（国家或首脑间的）公约，协定，协议◆This is forbidden under the European Convention on Human Rights.这是《欧洲人权公约》所禁止的。◆Over 60 countries have yet to ratify the climate convention.超过60个国家还有待落实气候公约。NOTE辨析 Treaty, accord or convention?A treaty and an accord are both official agreements between countries, for example concerned with restoring peace after a conflict, or trade, military or economic cooperation. Both are used in the names of particular agreements, often using the name of the place in which they were signed. * treaty和accord均指国家间的正式协定、条约，例如冲突之后恢复和平，或者贸易、军事或经济合作方面的。两个词均用于具体协定名称，常以签署地命名◆the Treaty of Rome《罗马条约》◆the Algiers Accord《阿尔及尔协定》An accord can also be an official agreement between organizations, such as between a government and a trade union. A convention is an international agreement between several countries. It usually contains rules about a particular activity, for example the sale of weapons, the treatment of refugees or controlling pollution. Conventions usually try to control a problem which affects many countries, and by signing the convention a country agrees to apply the rules or standards within it. * accord亦可指组织之间签署的正式协议，如政府和工会之间。convention是若干国家签署的国际协定，内容通常比较具体，例如武器销售、难民安置或污染控制等。convention通常是为了控制影响多国的问题，通过签署协定，一国同意遵守其条例或标准。
employ
verb
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ appoint另见appoint条employ ♦︎ hire ♦︎ recruit ♦︎ sign ♦︎ contract ♦︎ engage ♦︎ retain ♦︎ take sb onThese words all mean to give sb a job to do for payment.这些词均表示雇用、聘用。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to employ / hire / recruit / sign / engage / retain / take on sb as sth◆to employ / hire / recruit / sign / contract / engage / retain / take on sb to do sth◆to hire / recruit / sign sb from a place / company / group◆to employ / hire / recruit / contract / take on workers / staff◆to employ / hire / recruit a manager◆to employ / hire / engage / retain a lawyer◆to sign / contract a player◆to engage / retain sb's services■employ [transitive] to have sb working for you for payment; to give sb a job雇用；聘用◆How many people does the company employ?这家公司雇用了多少人？◆A number of people have been employed to deal with the backlog of work.已雇用了一些人来处理积压下来的工作。 see also be employed ⇨ workverb2, employer ⇨ manager, employment ⇨ worknoun2■hire [transitive, intransitive] (especially NAmE) to give sb a job; to find new people to work for a company or organization雇用；聘用；（公司或机构）招工◆She was hired three years ago.她是三年前录用的。◆He does the hiring and firing in our company.他在我们公司负责员工的聘用和辞退。◆We're not hiring right now.目前我们不招工。ⓘ In both British and American English hire also means 'to employ sb for a short time to do a particular job'.在英式和美式英语中，hire也有临时雇用之义◆They hired a firm of consultants to design the new system.他们请了一家咨询公司设计新系统。OPPfire ⇨ fireverb■recruit / /rɪˈkruːt/ / [transitive, intransitive] (ratherformal) to find new people to join a company, an organization or the armed forces（公司或机构）招收（新成员）；（部队）征募（新兵）；纳新◆The police are trying to recruit more officers from ethnic minorities.警察机关正试图从少数民族中征募更多的警员。◆They recruited several new members to the club.他们吸纳了几名俱乐部新会员。◆He is responsible for recruiting at all levels.他负责各级征募工作。 see also recruit ⇨ recruitnoun■sign [transitive, intransitive] to arrange for sb, especially a musician or sports player, to sign a contract agreeing to work for your company or team; to sign a contract agreeing to work for a company or team（和⋯）签约；应聘◆The team has just signed a new goalkeeper.该队刚刚和一名新守门员签约了。◆ (BrE) He signed for United yesterday.他昨天和联队签约了。◆ (especially NAmE) He signed with the San Francisco 49ers.他和旧金山49人队签了约。◆The band signed with Virgin Records.乐队同维京唱片公司签了约。■contract / /kənˈtrækt/ / [transitive, usually passive] (ratherformal) to make a legal agreement with sb for them to work for you or provide you with a service, especially for a limited period of time与⋯订立（有限期的）合同（或契约）◆The player is contracted to play until August.这名球员的签约合同8月份到期。◆Several computer engineers have been contracted to the finance department.几名计算机工程师与财务部门签订了合同。ⓘ In this meaning contract is usually followed by to. In American English it is sometimes followed by with.表达此义时，contract通常后接to，在美式英语中有时后接with◆He can't work for them because he is contracted with another company.他因与另一家公司已签约，所以不能为他们工作。 see also contract ⇨ contractnoun■engage / /ɪnˈgeɪdʒ/ / [transitive] (formal, especially BrE) to employ sb to do a particular job雇用；聘用◆He is currently engaged as a consultant.他目前被聘作顾问。◆We will have to engage the services of a translator.我们得聘一名翻译人员。■retain / /rɪˈteɪn/ / [transitive] (law法律) to pay money regularly or in advance to a professional person such as a lawyer, so that they will do work for you when you need them to聘用，委托（律师等专业人士）◆You will need to retain the services of a lawyer.你将需要聘请一位律师。◆You will be paid a retaining fee.你将收到预付辩护费。ⓘ A lawyer, etc. can be retained by a member of the public as well as by a company; sb who is retained may do work for other people or companies as well. * retain a lawyer指由个人或公司聘用律师。被聘用者仍可接受其他人或其他公司的委托。■ˌtake sb ˈon
phrasal verb
(took, taken)to give sb a job雇用；聘用◆We're not taking on any new staff at present.目前我们不招收新员工。OPPlay sb off ⇨ fireverb
shrink
verb
shrink ♦︎ narrow ♦︎ contract ♦︎ shortenThese words all mean to become smaller or to be narrower at one end.这些词均表示缩小、变短。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to shrink / narrow / contract / shorten (sth) to a particular size◆to shrink / narrow / contract / shorten (sth) by a particular amount◆a market / the economy shrinks / contracts◆shrink / narrow / contract (sth) slightly◆to shrink / narrow / shorten (sth) considerably◆to narrow / contract sharply■shrink(shrank, shrunkorshrunk, shrunk) [intransitive, transitive] to become or make sth smaller in size or amount缩小；收缩；减少◆The tumour had shrunk to the size of a pea.那肿瘤已收缩到豌豆大小。◆The market for their products is shrinking.市场对他们产品的需求在减少。◆Households have been shrinking in size but increasing in number.家庭的规模在缩小，可家庭的数量在增加。◆In some ways, the Internet has shrunk the world.从某种意义上说，互联网把世界给缩小了。ⓘ Shrink is the word to use when clothes or fabrics become smaller when they are washed in water that is too hot.指衣服或布料洗涤时缩水用shrink◆My sweater shrank in the wash.我的毛衣洗涤时缩水了。OPPgrow ⇨ rise▸shrinkage / /ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ/ /
noun
[uncountable] ◆the shrinkage of heavy industry重工业的萎缩◆She bought a slightly larger size to allow for shrinkage.她买了一件尺码稍大的，以防缩水。■narrow [intransitive, transitive] to become or make sth narrower变窄；缩小；使变窄◆This is where the road narrows.这条路就是在这里变窄的。◆Her eyes narrowed(= almost closed) to slits.她的眼睛瞇成了两道缝。◆The gap between the two teams has narrowed to three points.两队之间的差距缩小到了三分。◆We need to narrow the health divide between rich and poor.我们需要缩小富人和穷人之间健康状况的差异。OPPwiden,broaden ⇨ expand1 see also narrow ⇨ narrowadj.■contract / /kənˈtrækt/ / [intransitive, transitive] (ratherformal) to become or make sth smaller in size or amount收缩；缩小；减少◆Glass contracts as it cools.玻璃遇冷会收缩。◆The electrical market is forecast to contract by 2% this year.预计今年的电器市场将萎缩2%。◆The heart muscles contract to expel the blood.心肌收缩以挤压出血液。◆'I will' and 'I shall' are usually contracted to 'I'll'(= made shorter).I will和I shall通常缩写为I'll。OPPexpand ⇨ expand1▸contraction
noun
[uncountable] ◆the expansion and contraction of the metal金属的膨胀与收缩◆The sudden contraction of the markets left them with a lot of unwanted stock.市场的骤然收缩使他们剩下许多存货卖不出去。NOTE辨析 Shrink or contract?Clothes and fabric shrink; other materials, such as glass and metal contract, especially as they become cooler. A market or the economy can shrink or contract, but contract is more formal. Muscles contract, and words can be contracted to their shorter forms. Most other things shrink. The opposite of shrink is grow; the opposite of contract is expand.服装和布料缩水用shrink，其他材料（如玻璃和金属）因冷却而收缩用contract。主语是market或economy时用shrink或contract均可，但contract更正式些。肌肉收缩用contract，词语采用缩略式用be contracted to。大多数其他东西收缩用shrink。shrink的反义词是grow，contract的反义词是expand。■shorten [transitive, intransitive] to make sth shorter; to become shorter缩短；变短◆Injury problems could shorten his career.伤病可能会缩短他的职业生涯。◆They performed a shortened version of the play in just 40 minutes.他们上演了该剧的缩略版本，仅40分钟。◆Katherine generally shortens her name to Kay.凯瑟琳通常把自己的名字简称为凯。◆In November the temperature drops and the days shorten.11月气温下降，白天变短。OPPlengthen ⇨ expand1 see also short ⇨ short13
suffer from sth
phrasal verb
suffer from sth ♦︎ have ♦︎ get ♦︎ develop ♦︎ catch ♦︎ contract ♦︎ come down with sthThese words all mean to be or become ill with a disease or illness.这些词均表示患病、染病。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to suffer from / have / get / develop / catch / contract a / an disease / illness◆to suffer from / have / get / catch / come down with a bug◆to suffer from / have / get / develop / contract cancer / AIDS◆to suffer from / have / get / catch / contract a virus / HIV / malaria◆to suffer from / have / get / catch / contract / come down with the flu◆to suffer from / have / get / catch / come down with a cold◆to suffer from / have / get a headache◆to suffer from / have / get / develop a condition / arthritis / diarrhoea◆to suffer from / have / develop a / an allergy / disorder■suffer from sth
phrasal verb
[transitive, no passive] to be badly affected by a disease, an illness, pain, sadness or a lack of sth（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤或缺乏某物）受苦，受难，受折磨◆The driver was taken to hospital suffering from shock.司机因休克被送往医院。◆Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff.许多公司苦于缺乏熟练员工。 see also sufferer ⇨ patient■have ( have got) (has, had, had) [transitive, no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to suffer from an illness or pain患（病）；得（病）；有（病痛）◆I had a cold yesterday and I couldn't come to work.昨天我感冒了，没能来上班。◆I've got a headache.我头疼。◆He found out that he had HIV just last year.他去年才知道自己染上了艾滋病。■get(getting, got, got; NAmEspokengetting, got, gotten) [transitive, no passive] to begin to have an illness, to suffer from a pain感染上；患上；有（病痛）◆I got this cold off(= from) you!我这感冒是被你传染的！◆I think I'm getting a cold.我觉得自己感冒了。◆She gets(= often suffers from) really bad headaches.她经常头痛得厉害。 see also pick sth up ⇨ get1■develop [transitive, no passive] to get a disease, illness or problem患（病）；出现（问题）◆She developed lung cancer at the age of sixty.她六十岁时得了肺癌。◆The car developed engine trouble and we had to stop.汽车发动机出了故障，我们只好停车。■catch(caught, caught) [transitive, no passive] to get an infectious illness(= one that can be passed easily from one person to another)染上（传染病）◆I think I must have caught this cold from you.我的感冒想必是你传染的。■contract / /kənˈtrækt/ / [transitive] (ratherformal) to get a disease, especially a serious one感染（尤指重病）◆He contracted malaria while abroad.在国外期间他染上了疟疾。■ˌcome ˈdown with sth
phrasal verb
(came, come) [transitive, no passive] to get an illness that is not very serious患，得，染上（小病）◆I think I'm coming down with something.我觉得我得了什么病。