| 例句 |
black adj.
⇨ black (black people) ⇨ dark 1 (It's pitch black outside.) ⇨ negative (The future looks black.) black adjective black ♦︎ African American ♦︎ of colour ♦︎ coloured ♦︎ mixed race ♦︎ non-whiteThese words all describe people who have dark skin. 这些词均表示人肤色黝黑的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆black / African American / coloured / mixed-race / non-white people◆people of colour / mixed race◆black / African American culture■ black (especially BrE) belonging to a race of people who have dark skin and are originally from Africa; connected with black people 黑色人种的；黑人的◆a black girl一个黑人女孩◆black culture黑人文化ⓘ Black is the word most widely used and generally accepted in Britain. The currently accepted term for a black person from the US is African American. Black can also be a noun, but it is generally only used in the plural. * black这个词在英国广为使用和接受。指美国黑人，目前接受的词是African American。black也可用作名词，但一般仅用其复数形式◆equality for blacks and whites黑人和白人的平等地位It can sound offensive in the singular; instead you can use the adjective. 单数形式有冒犯之嫌。避免冒犯可将black用作形容词◆a black man / woman一个黑人男子／女子 ■ ˌAfrican Aˈmerican belonging to a race of people who have dark skin, originally from Africa but now American 非洲裔美国黑人的◆the first African American president美国第一位非洲裔黑人总统▸ African American noun [countable] ◆African Americans in Hollywood好莱坞的非裔美国黑人◆a young African American一名年轻的非裔美国黑人■ of colour (BrE) (NAmE of color) (especially NAmE) belonging to a race of people who do not have white skin 有色人种的◆They say that prejudice against people of color persists.他们说，针对有色人种的偏见一直存在。ⓘ Of color is also widely used in the US; it includes not only Americans of African origin, but also people of many different origins, for example Asian. * of color在美国也广为使用，不仅包括非洲裔美国黑人，还包括许多不同族裔的人，如亚裔美国人。 see also colour ⇨ colour 2 ■ coloured (BrE) (NAmE colored) (old-fashioned or offensive) not having white skin, because one or both parents have dark skin 有色人种的ⓘ This term is now considered offensive except in South Africa, where Coloured is used to describe people who have parents of different races. In Britain and the US, use black, African American or of color. 这个词现在被视为冒犯语，只在南非除外。在南非，Coloured表示混血种的。在英国和美国，用black、African American或of color来指有色人种。■ ˌmixed ˈrace having parents of different races; belonging to different races 混血种的；不同种族的◆people of mixed race不同种族的人◆mixed-race children / couples混血种的孩子；异族通婚的夫妇ⓘ Mixed race can refer to people of any race, for example white, African, Asian, etc. * mixed race可指任何种族的人，如白人、非裔、亚裔等。■ ˌnon-ˈwhite (rather formal) belonging to any race that does not have white skin 非白种人的◆the non-white population非白种人的人口ⓘ Non-white can refer to people of many different origins, for example Indian and Chinese as well as African. It is used to talk about people in general, but not usually about individual people. * non-white可指许多不同族裔的人，如印度人、中国人和非洲人。non-white修饰人时是总称，通常不指个体◆I got talking to a non-white girl about her studies. ▸ non-white noun [countable, usually plural] ◆the ratio of whites to non-whites白种人对非白种人的比例 dark1 adjective a dark night 黑夜a dark colour 深颜色dark ♦︎ black ♦︎ shady ♦︎ shadowy ♦︎ unlitThese words all describe a place where there is little or no light. 这些词均表示光线昏暗的、黑暗的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a dark / shady / shadowy place / corner◆a dark / shadowy / unlit room◆a dark / unlit road◆a dark / black night◆black / shadowy darkness◆to go dark / black◆pitch dark / black◆cool and dark / shady■ dark with no or very little light, especially because it is night 黑暗的，昏暗的（尤指夜晚）◆What time does it get dark in summer?夏天什么时候天黑？◆It was dark outside and I couldn't see much.外面很黑，我看不清楚。◆He stumbled along through the dark forest.他在黑黝黝的森林中跌跌撞撞地前行。OPP light ⇨ light noun 1 ■ black without light; completely dark 黑暗的；漆黑的◆Through the black night came the sound of thunder.漆黑的夜晚传来了雷声。◆It's pitch black (= very dark) outside.外面漆黑一片。◆My head banged on a rock and everything went black.我的头撞上了一块岩石，眼前顿时一片黑暗。■ shady protected from direct sunlight by sth, for example trees or buildings 背阴的；遮阴的◆We went to find somewhere cool and shady to have a drink.我们去找了个阴凉的地方，喝了一杯。◆This is a nice shady spot for a picnic.这地方背阴，适合野餐。 OPP sunny ⇨ sunny ■ shadowy [usually before noun] dark and full of shadows 幽暗的；有阴影的；多阴的◆Someone was hiding in the shadowy doorway.有人躲藏在昏暗的入口处。◆The lights went out, plunging the room into a shadowy darkness.灯熄了，房间顿时陷入一片漆黑。■ unlit dark because there are no lights or the lights are not switched on 黑暗的；无灯光的◆The room was unlit and they could hardly see the man in the gloom.房间里没有灯光，他们几乎看不见黑暗中的那个人。◆Avoid walking through parks or down quiet, unlit roads.要避免从公园里穿行或沿着僻静昏暗的道路行走。 OPP lighted ⇨ light verb 2 negative adjective negative ♦︎ bleak ♦︎ gloomy ♦︎ depressing ♦︎ dark ♦︎ pessimistic ♦︎ miserable ♦︎ downbeat ♦︎ blackThese words all describe a person or attitude without hope or enthusiasm for the future and expecting bad things to happen. 这些词均表示消极的、悲观的、令人沮丧的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达令人沮丧的程度| downbeat | ➔ | negative | ➔ | miserable | | | bleak | | dark | | | gloomy | | black | | | depressing | | | | | pessimistic | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆negative / pessimistic / miserable about sth◆a negative / bleak / gloomy / pessimistic outlook◆negative / gloomy / depressing / dark / black thoughts◆a negative / bleak / gloomy / pessimistic view◆a negative / gloomy / depressing / pessimistic conclusion◆a negative / gloomy / pessimistic report◆to paint a negative / bleak / gloomy / depressing / pessimistic picture (of sb / sth)◆to sound negative / gloomy / pessimistic / downbeat◆to look bleak / gloomy / pessimistic / black◆very negative / bleak / gloomy / depressing / dark / pessimistic / miserable / black◆extremely negative / bleak / depressing / dark / pessimistic◆rather negative / bleak / gloomy / depressing / pessimistic / miserable■ negative thinking only about what is bad in a situation; without hope or enthusiasm 消极的；负面的；缺乏热情的◆He's been rather negative about the idea.他对这个想法一直没什么热情。◆Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to the theory.科学家对这个理论的态度是相当消极的。◆We try to pinpoint the cause of any negative feelings.我们尽量准确地说明导致任何负面情绪的原因。◆'He probably won't show up.' 'Don't be so negative.'“他很可能不会露面。”“别那么泄气嘛。”OPP positive ⇨ optimistic , positive ⇨ good 6 see also negative ⇨ harmful ■ bleak / /bliːk/ / (of a situation) without much hope of success or improvement in the future （状况）不乐观的，无望的，暗淡的◆The future looks bleak for the fishing industry.渔业前景暗淡。◆The report paints an unnecessarily bleak picture of the town.报告把这个镇子描绘得过于惨淡。▸ bleakly adverb ◆'There seems no hope,' she said bleakly.“好像没希望了。”她黯然地说。■ gloomy (of an attitude or situation) without much hope of success or improvement in the future （态度或状况）不乐观的，无望的，暗淡的◆The committee's view was in fact far from gloomy.委员会的看法事实上一点也不悲观。◆We're quietly confident despite the gloomy predictions.尽管预测并不乐观，我们心里还是很自信。 see also gloom ⇨ gloom NOTE 辨析 Bleak or gloomy?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆Suddenly, the future didn't look so bleak / gloomy after all.突然感到前途似乎并非如此暗淡。◆to paint a bleak / gloomy picture of the situation把情况描绘得很不乐观However, bleak is used especially to describe a situation or the future. 不过，bleak尤用于描述某一状况或前景◆The future / outlook is / looks bleak.前景暗淡。 Gloomy can be used in this way too, but it is more often used to describe sb's view of the situation or future. * gloomy亦有此种用法，但较常用于描述某人对状况或前景的看法(view)◆a gloomy forecast / prognosis悲观的预测◆gloomy predictions / prospects / thoughts悲观的预测／展望／想法 ■ depressing (of a situation) making you feel very sad and without enthusiasm （状况）令人抑郁的，令人沮丧的，令人消沉的◆Looking for a job these days can be very depressing.如今求职会令人非常沮丧。◆He found the whole visit a depressing experience.他觉得整个访问是个令人沮丧的经历。OPP uplifting ⇨ moving see also depress ⇨ discourage 2 , depressed ⇨ depressed , depression ⇨ gloom ▸ depressingly adverb ◆a depressingly familiar experience令人感到腻烦的经历■ dark (of an attitude or time) unpleasant and without offering any hope that sth good will happen （态度）忧郁的；（时代）无望的◆The film is a dark vision of the future.这部影片呈现了一幅暗淡无光的未来图景。◆The theatre stayed open even in the darkest days of the war.这家剧院即使在战争中最黑暗的日子里仍然开门营业。■ pessimistic / /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ / expecting bad things to happen or sth not to be successful 悲观的；悲观主义的◆They appeared surprisingly pessimistic about their chances of winning.他们对取胜的可能性显得出奇地悲观。◆He seems to take a rather pessimistic view of human nature.他似乎对人性持相当悲观的看法。OPP optimistic ⇨ optimistic ▸ pessimism noun [uncountable] ◆a mood of pessimism悲观的情绪OPP optimism ⇨ hope noun 1 ■ miserable / /ˈmɪzrəbl/ / (of a situation) making you feel very unhappy or uncomfortable （状况）使难受的，使不舒服的，令人不快的◆I spent a miserable weekend alone at home.我独自一人在家度过了一个惨兮兮的周末。◆What a miserable day (= cold and wet)!又冷又湿，多么难受的一天啊！◆The play was a miserable failure.这部剧是个可悲的失败。 see also misery ⇨ distress ▸ miserably adverb ◆He failed miserably as an actor.作为演员，他极其失败。NOTE 辨析 Depressing or miserable? Depressing is used especially to show feelings of sympathy for other people's problems or the bad state of the world in general; miserable usually describes your unhappy feelings about your own situation. * depressing尤指他人的困难或世界总体上的糟糕状况令人同情，miserable通常指自身处境令自己不满◆The report on the state of water pollution paints a depressing picture.关于水污染情况的报告描绘了一幅令人沮丧的景象。◆The report on the state of water pollution paints a miserable picture. ◆My school days were thoroughly miserable.我上学时的日子过得惨极了。◆My school days were thoroughly depressing. ■ downbeat / /ˈdaʊnbiːt/ / (rather informal) (of an attitude) dull or depressing; not hopeful about the future （态度）沉闷的，令人沮丧的；悲观的◆The overall mood of the meeting was downbeat.会议气氛总体上是沉闷的。◆Their assessment of the UK's economic prospects is downbeat.他们对英国经济前景的看法是悲观的。 OPP upbeat ⇨ optimistic ■ black (rather informal) without hope; very depressing 无希望的；令人沮丧的◆The future looks pretty black, I'm afraid.前景看来恐怕很暗淡。◆It's been another black day for the north-east with the announcement of further job losses.东北部又经历了一个黑色的日子，当地公布的失业人数再度上升。 |