| 例句 |
break (sth) up phrase
⇨ dispersebreak (sth) up phrase
⇨ dividebreak (sth) up phrase
⇨ divorcebreak (sth) up phrase
⇨ smash disperse verb disperse ♦︎ break (sth) up ♦︎ separate ♦︎ scatter ♦︎ partThese words all refer to people or things moving apart in different directions. 这些词均表示向四周散开。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a crowd disperses / scatters / parts◆clouds disperse / part◆police disperse sb / break sth up■ disperse / /dɪˈspɜːs; NAmE dɪˈspɜːrs/ [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal, written) to move apart and go away in different directions; to make sb/sth do this 疏散；散开；驱散◆The fog began to disperse.雾开始散去。◆The crowd dispersed quickly.人群很快便散开了。◆Police dispersed the protesters with tear gas.警方用催泪弹驱散了抗议者。◆They dispersed the chemicals with a sheet of water.他们用一大滩水把那些化学剂冲走。◆The community was dispersed by the war.这个群体因战争而分散了。ⓘ Disperse can be used to talk about groups of people, clouds or substances in the air. * disperse可与表示人群、云彩或空气中的物质的词搭配。■ ˌbreak ˈup ■ ˌbreak sth ˈup phrasal verb (broke, broken) [intransitive](of a meeting) to finish, with the people going away in different directions; to make people leave a meeting or stop fighting, especially by using force （会议）散会；（尤指用武力）驱散，制止◆The meeting broke up at eleven o' clock.那次会议在11点散会。◆Police broke up the demonstration.警方制止了那次示威游行。◆A woman was hurt as she tried to break up a fight.一个女人在试图制止斗殴时受了伤。NOTE 辨析 disperse or break up?A meeting breaks up but the people, group or crowd at the meeting disperse(s). 表示会议结束，break up的主语是meeting，disperse的主语是与会的人（people、group、crowd等）◆The meeting dispersed at eleven o'clock. ◆The crowd broke up quickly. You can break up a demonstration or a fight, but police disperse the crowds or protesters at the demonstration. * break up可接demonstration或fight作宾语，disperse可接crowd或protester作宾语◆Police dispersed the demonstration. ◆Police broke up the protesters with tear gas. ■ separate /ˈsepəreɪt/ / [intransitive, transitive] to stop being a group or one whole thing and move apart in different directions; to make people move apart 分开；分离；使离散◆We separated into several different search parties.我们分成了几个搜索小组。◆Two men separated from the others and walked towards me.两名男子与其他人分开，朝我走了过来。◆South America and Africa separated 200 million years ago.2亿年前南美洲和非洲分离。◆The war separated many families.这场战争使许多家庭离散。 see also isolate ⇨ isolate , separate ⇨ separate 1 , separation ⇨ division 1 ■ scatter [intransitive, transitive](of a group of people, animals or things) to move apart very quickly in different directions; to make people or animals do this （人群、动物或事物）迅速散开；使分散；驱散◆At the first gunshot, the crowd scattered.枪一响，人群便四散奔逃了。◆He banged his fist on the table and the chess pieces scattered over the floor.他在桌子上猛击一拳，象棋子纷纷散落到地上。◆The explosion scattered a flock of birds roosting in the trees.爆炸声把栖息在树丛中的鸟群惊飞了。■ part [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal, written) (of two things or two parts of sth) to move apart; to make two things or two parts of sth move apart （两件东西或某物的两个部分）分开；使分开；解散◆The crowds parted in front of them.人群在他们面前分开了。◆The elevator doors parted and out stepped the President.电梯门打开了，总统从里面走了出来。◆Her lips were slightly parted.她的嘴唇微微张开。◆She parted the curtains a little and looked out.她把窗帘扒开个缝向外张望。 divide1 verb cells divide/divide sth up into sections 细胞分裂；把某物分成几部分The issue has divided the government. 这个问题在政府中引起了意见分歧。divide ♦︎ break (sth) up ♦︎ split ♦︎ cut sth up ♦︎ subdivide ♦︎ split (sb) up ♦︎ separate (sth) outThese words all mean to become, or to make sth become, two or more parts instead of one whole thing. 这些词均表示分裂、分开或使某物分开。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to divide / break / split / cut sth up◆to divide (sth) / break sth up / split sth / subdivide sth into parts◆to divide (sth) / break sth up / split sth into sections◆to divide (sth) / split sth / cut sth up into pieces◆to divide (sb) / split sb / subdivide sth / split (sb) up into groups◆to divide / split (sth) in two / in half■ divide [intransitive, transitive] to become, or to make sth become, two or more parts or groups instead of one whole thing （使）分开，分散，分割◆The cells began to divide rapidly.细胞开始迅速分裂。◆We reached the point where the river divides in two.我们到了河流的分岔处。◆This report is divided broadly into two parts.这份报告大致分为两部分。◆A sentence can be divided up into meaningful segments.句子可以划分成一些意义单元。■ ˌbreak ˈup ■ ˌbreak sth ˈup phrasal verb (broke, broken)to divide, or to make sth divide, into several smaller parts 散开；解散；拆开；分割◆The grey clouds had begun to break up.乌云开始消散了。◆Much has changed since the Soviet Union broke up.苏联解体后发生了很大的变化。◆Break up the chocolate and place it in a bowl.把巧克力分割成小块放在碗里。◆The ship was broken up for scrap metal.那艘船被拆解成废金属。◆Sentences can be broken up into clauses.一些句子可以分解成从句。■ split (splitting, split, split) [intransitive, transitive] to divide, or to make sth divide, into two or more parts or groups 分开，使分开（成几部分）◆The results split neatly into two groups.结果清晰地分成两类。◆Slate splits easily into thin sheets.板岩很容易分割成薄片。◆Which scientist first split the atom?是哪位科学家最早把原子分裂开来的？◆She split the class into groups of four.她把全班分成若干个四人小组。◆The day was split up into six one-hour sessions.一天的活动分成六个时段，每个时段一小时。NOTE 辨析 Divide, break up or split? Divide is slightly more formal than break up or split. Break up often suggests a degree of force: things break up because people or circumstances have forced them to and they cannot hold together any more. When sth has broken up, or been broken up, it can no longer be considered part of a whole thing. * divide比break up或split稍正式些，break up常暗示一定程度的外力，由于人为或环境的力量，事物无法聚合在一起。某物break up或be broken up之后，就不再被看作整体的一部分◆The empire was broken up into different parts (= it was no longer an empire).这个帝国解体成了不同的国家。◆The empire was divided / split into different parts (= it was still an empire but contained separate areas).这个帝国划分成若干不同的地区。Things usually divide or split because it is natural for them to do so, although this is not always the case with particular collocations: cells divide naturally, but atoms can only be split using a great deal of force. * divide和split通常指事物自然正常分裂，但在一些特定搭配中并非总是如此：细胞分裂(cells divide)属于自然分裂，原子分裂(atoms are split)则需要借助强大的外力。 ■ ˌcut sth ˈup phrasal verb (cutting, cut, cut)to divide sth into small pieces, especially by using a knife or scissors 切碎；剁碎；剪碎◆He cut up the meat on his plate.他在盘子上把肉切成小块。◆I cut the paper up into small segments.我把那张纸剪成小片。■ subdivide /ˈsʌbdɪvaɪd, ˌsʌbdɪˈvaɪd/ [transitive, often passive] (rather formal) to divide sth into smaller parts, especially when it has already been divided once and each part is being divided again 再分割；再分◆Each of the chapters is subdivided into several double-page spreads.每一章又被细分为几个跨页。■ ˌsplit ˈup■ ˌsplit sb ˈup phrasal verb (splitting, split, split)(of a group of people) to separate from each other, either as individuals or in smaller groups; to divide a group of people into smaller groups; to separate two or more people from each other （人群）分成小组，化整为零；拆散◆Let's split up now and meet again at lunchtime.我们现在先分开，午饭时再集合。◆We were split up into groups to discuss the question.我们分组讨论了那个问题。◆You two are talking too much. I'm going to have to split you up.你们俩在一起话太多了，我得把你们分开。■ ˌseparate ˈout■ ˌseparate sth ˈout phrasal verb (of the different parts of sth) to move apart and become separate; to make the different parts of sth do this; to see the difference between things which are different but together （某物的不同部分）分开；分开（不同部分）；区分◆Particles will separate out as the smoke disperses.微粒会随着烟的消散而分离。◆More and more households are separating out recyclable waste.越来越多的家庭开始把可回收利用的垃圾分类。◆We need to separate out fact from speculation.我们需要把事实与猜测区分开来。ⓘ Separate out is used to emphasize that each part can be considered a complete thing in itself. * separate out用于强调每一部分都可看作一个整体◆The particles separate out (= they move away from each other).那些颗粒分散开了。◆The particles will divide (= each particle will become two or more separate parts).那些颗粒将分解成细小的部分。 divorce verb divorce ♦︎ break (sth) up ♦︎ split up ♦︎ disband ♦︎ separate ♦︎ split ♦︎ get divorcedThese words all refer to people ending a relationship, especially a romantic one. 这些词均表示结束关系，尤其是婚恋关系。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to break up / split up / split with sb◆to split up / separate / split from sb◆a couple divorces / breaks up / splits up / separates / splits / gets divorced◆a group breaks up / splits up / disbands / splits◆a partnership breaks up / splits up◆to have recently divorced / split up / (been) disbanded■ divorce [transitive, intransitive] to legally end your marriage to sb （与某人）离婚◆She's divorcing her husband.她在与丈夫闹离婚。◆I'd heard they're divorcing.我听说他们要离婚了。 see also divorced ⇨ single ▸ divorce noun [uncountable, countable] ◆The marriage ended in divorce.这桩婚姻以离婚告终。◆They have agreed to get a divorce.他们已同意离婚。■ ˌbreak ˈup ■ ˌbreak sth ˈup phrasal verb (broke, broken)(of a relationship) to come to an end; to end a relationship or business company （关系）结束；（同某人）绝交；解散（公司）◆Their marriage has broken up.他们的婚姻已经破裂。◆My brother has broken up with his girlfriend.我哥哥和女友分手了。◆They decided to break up the partnership (= in business).他们决定拆伙。▸ ˈbreak-up noun [countable] ◆family break-ups家庭破裂◆the break-up of the company公司的解散■ ˌsplit ˈup phrasal verb (rather informal) (splitting, split, split)to end a relationship with sb （和某人）断绝关系，分手◆My parents split up last year.我父母去年离婚了。◆She's split up with her boyfriend.她和男朋友分手了。NOTE 辨析 Break up or split up?People or a marriage or relationship can break up and it can refer to a personal or a business relationship. Only people can split up and it usually refers to a personal relationship. * break up的主语可以是人或marriage、relationship，指结束人际或生意关系。split up的主语只能是人，通常指断绝人际关系。■ disband / /dɪsˈbænd/ / [transitive, intransitive] (rather formal) to stop sb/sth from operating as a group; to separate or no longer operate as a group 解散；解体；散伙◆They set about disbanding the terrorist groups.他们开始着手瓦解恐怖主义组织。◆The committee formally disbanded last year.该委员会于去年正式解散。■ separate / /ˈsepəreɪt/ / [intransitive] to stop living as a couple with your husband, wife or partner 分居◆He separated from his wife after 20 years of marriage.他和妻子在结婚20年后分居了。◆They separated last year.他们去年分居了。 see also separated ⇨ single ▸ separation noun [countable, uncountable] ◆a legal separation合法分居◆She would not consider separation or divorce.她不会考虑分居或离婚。■ split (splitting, split, split) [intransitive] (rather informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to leave sb and stop having a relationship with them （和某人）断绝关系，分手；离开（某人）◆The singer split with his wife last June.那歌手去年6月和妻子分开了。◆She intends to split from the band at the end of the tour.她打算在巡回演出结束后离开乐队。ⓘ Split is used especially in newspapers and can refer to personal or business relationships, especially when one person takes the decision to leave. * split尤用于报章，指断绝人际或生意关系，尤指有一人决定离开的情况。■ ˌget diˈvorced phrase (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten)to legally end your marriage to sb 离婚◆They're getting divorced.他们在办离婚。◆People get divorced nowadays more than they used to.现在人们的离婚率比过去提高了。 see also divorced ⇨ single NOTE 辨析 Divorce or get divorced?One person can divorce another person, but get divorced usually refers to an action by two people. 可以说A divorce B，但get divorced的主语通常是两个人◆She divorced her husband last year.她去年与丈夫离婚了。◆They got divorced last year.他们去年离婚了。You can, however, use be divorced from sb. 然而与某人离婚可使用be divorced from sb◆She is divorced from the boy's father.她跟那男孩的父亲离婚了。When there is no object either divorce or get divorced may be used, but get divorced is more common in spoken English. 在不接宾语的情况下，divorce或get divorced都可使用，只是get divorced更常用于口语。 smash verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ break 1 另见break条第1义smash ♦︎ shatter ♦︎ break (sth) up ♦︎ splinterThese are all words that can be used when sth breaks into lots of small pieces. 这些词均表示打碎或碎裂。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to smash / shatter / break up into small / a thousand pieces◆to smash / shatter a window / windscreen◆glass smashes / shatters / splinters◆sb's smashed / shattered / splintered bones / skull■ smash [transitive, intransitive] to break sth or be broken, violently and noisily, into lots of small pieces 粗暴打碎；打破；（哗啦一声）破碎◆She flew into one of her rages and started smashing crockery.她又一次暴跳如雷，开始摔碟子摔碗。◆His right hand was smashed and his shoulder dislocated.他的右手被打烂，肩膀也脱臼了。◆The glass bowl smashed into a thousand pieces.玻璃碗咣的一声摔了个粉碎。ⓘ If sb smashes up a place or room, they destroy it by breaking all the furniture, etc. * smash up指捣毁某个地方或房间，把里面的家具等全都砸烂◆Youths had broken into the bar and smashed the place up.一群年轻人闯进酒吧，把里面砸了个乱七八糟。 ■ shatter [intransitive, transitive] to suddenly break into small pieces; to make sth do this 破碎；碎裂；使破碎◆He dropped the vase and it shattered into pieces on the floor.他一失手把花瓶掉在地板上摔碎了。◆The explosion shattered all the windows in the building.那次爆炸把大楼里所有的玻璃窗都给震碎了。◆Shattered homes were ablaze.炸毁的房屋在熊熊燃烧。NOTE 辨析 Smash or shatter?People smash things deliberately; things get shattered as a result of explosions, flying bullets, stones, etc. * smash指故意把物品打碎或砸烂，be shattered则指物品因遭遇爆炸、流弹或飞石等而破碎◆The thief smashed a window to get into her car.小偷砸碎车窗钻进了她的汽车。◆The thief shattered a window to get into her car. ◆Windows were shattered in the blast.爆炸中玻璃窗被震得粉碎。◆Windows were smashed in the blast. ■ ˌbreak ˈup ■ ˌbreak sth ˈup phrasal verb (broke, broken)to separate, or make sth separate, into smaller pieces, either violently or carefully 粉碎；破碎；拆开；拆散◆The ship broke up on the rocks.船触礁撞碎了。◆The grey clouds had begun to break up.乌云已经开始散去。◆The ship was broken up for scrap metal.那艘船被拆成了废铁。◆Break up the chocolate and place it in a bowl.把巧克力掰碎，然后放到碗里。■ splinter [intransitive, transitive](of wood, glass, stone or bone) to break into long, thin, sharp pieces; to make wood, glass, etc. break in this way （木头、玻璃、石头或骨头）裂开；使（木头、玻璃等）裂开◆The mirror cracked but did not splinter.那面镜子裂了，但没有碎。◆She could hear the talons shredding and splintering the wood.她听到鸟爪撕碎木头的声音。 |