| 例句 |
rub verb
⇨ cover (rub cream into your skin) ⇨ scratch 1 (My shoe is rubbing.) cover verb cover ♦︎ coat ♦︎ spread ♦︎ rub ♦︎ smear ♦︎ daub ♦︎ cakeThese words all mean to put a liquid or a soft substance onto sth. 这些词均表示将液体或稀软之物涂抹、覆盖到某物上。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to cover / coat / spread / rub / smear / daub / cake sth with sth◆to cover / coat / cake sth in sth◆to spread / rub / smear / daub sth on sth◆to spread / smear sth over sth◆to cover sth with / coat sth with / spread a layer of sth◆to rub / smear oil into / onto sth◆to be covered / coated / caked in / with dust◆to be covered / caked in / with dirt◆to be covered / smeared / caked in / with mud◆to be covered / coated / smeared in / with grease / oil◆to be covered / coated / smeared / daubed with paint◆to be covered / smeared / daubed / caked in / with blood◆to be covered / coated / spread with chocolate◆liberally covered / coated / spread / smeared◆thickly / thinly covered / coated / spread■ cover [transitive, often passive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to put a layer of sth, especially sth liquid, soft or dirty, on sb/sth 覆上，洒上，溅上（一层液体、稀软或脏的东西）◆The players were soon covered in mud.那些运动员很快就满身泥浆。◆The wind blew in from the desert and covered everything with sand.风从沙漠那边吹来，把一切都蒙上了一层沙。■ coat [transitive, often passive] to cover sth with a layer of a substance 给⋯涂上一层；（用⋯）覆盖◆The cookies were thickly coated with chocolate.曲奇上涂了厚厚一层巧克力。◆A film of dust coated the table.桌上覆盖着一层灰尘。NOTE 辨析 Cover or coat? Cover is a more general word than coat. Coat is used especially when sth is deliberately covered with a fixed layer for decoration or protection. * cover比coat含义广。coat尤指出于装饰或保护目的，有意在某物上面牢固地覆盖上一层◆The flakes are coated with sugar (= the sugar is fixed onto them).薄片上涂了一层糖。◆The flakes are covered with sugar (= the sugar is not fixed onto them).薄片上沾了一层糖。When sth gets coated in dust or grease, it suggests that the dust or grease may be quite thick and hard to remove. 分词coated指某物覆盖着灰尘或油脂时，暗示灰尘或油脂可能很厚，难以去除◆More than 400 birds were coated with oil when 50 tonnes of crude oil spilled into the sea.50吨原油泄漏到海里后，400多只鸟身上裹了一层油污。 ■ spread (spread, spread) [transitive, intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to deliberately put a layer of a substance onto the surface of sth; to be able to be put onto a surface 涂；敷；抹◆She spread butter on a piece of toast.她往烤面包片上抹黄油。◆Spread the cake with cream and then sprinkle flakes of chocolate on top.把奶油抹到蛋糕上，然后在上面撒些巧克力碎片。◆If the paint is too thick, it will not spread easily.油漆如果太稠就不容易涂抹。ⓘ Spread is used about substances that you spread deliberately; it is not used about dirt or grease that gets onto sth by accident. * spread指有意涂抹，不用来指灰尘或油脂意外沾染到某物上。■ rub (-bb-) [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to spread a liquid or other substance over a surface while pressing firmly 涂；抹；搽◆She rubbed moisturizer into her skin.她把乳液揉抹进皮肤里。◆Rub some salt on the fish before cooking.烹制前在鱼身上抹些盐。■ smear / /smɪə(r); NAmE smɪr/ [transitive] to spread a soft substance over a surface in a rough or careless way （用稀软物质）胡乱涂抹◆The children had smeared mud on the walls.那些孩子往墙上乱涂泥巴。◆His face was smeared with blood.他满脸血污。 see also smear ⇨ mark noun ■ daub /dɔːb/ / [transitive, often passive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to spread a substance such as paint or mud onto sth thickly and/or carelessly （用颜料、灰泥等）涂抹，乱涂，乱画◆The walls of the building were daubed with red paint.这座楼的几面墙上随意涂了一层红漆。NOTE 辨析 Smear or daub? Daub is often passive; smear is often active or passive. Daub always needs an adverb or preposition; smear can be used without. * daub常用被动形式，smear主动或被动形式均很常用。daub总是与副词或介词连用，smear可不跟副词或介词◆She had smeared her make-up.她胡乱化了妆。◆She had daubed her make-up. Daub is often used when talking about words which are written on sth; smear is not usually used in this way. 在某物上涂写字句常用daub，smear一般不这样用◆They found a message daubed onto the wall of the cell.他们在小房间墙上发现了一条涂写的信息。◆They found a message smeared onto the wall of the cell. ■ cake [transitive, usually passive] to cover sth with a thick layer of sth soft that becomes hard when it dries （用干后变硬的稀软物质）覆盖（厚厚一层）◆Her shoes were caked with mud.她的鞋上沾满泥巴。 scratch1 verb scratch yourself on a nail 在钉子上划了自己一下scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 挠被虫叮的包；猫挠人scratch ♦︎ scrape ♦︎ rub ♦︎ scuff ♦︎ grazeThese words all mean to damage a surface or to remove sth from it by moving sth sharp and hard across it. 这些词均表示擦破、划破、磨破。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to scratch sth / scrape sth / rub / scuff sth / graze sth on sth◆to scrape / graze your knee / knuckles / elbow / shin◆to scratch / scrape / graze a surface◆to scratch / scuff / graze sth badly■ scratch [transitive] to damage the surface of sth, especially accidentally, by making thin shallow marks on it; to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp （尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏；划破，划伤（皮肤）◆Be careful not to scratch the furniture.小心别刮坏了家具。◆The car's paintwork is badly scratched.汽车的漆面划损得很严重。◆I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.我把腿划破流血了。◆She scratched herself on a nail.她在钉子上划了一下。 see also scratch ⇨ injury noun ■ scrape [transitive] to rub sth accidentally against sth rough, so that it gets damaged or hurt （意外地）擦坏，擦伤，刮坏，蹭破◆I scraped the side of my car on the wall.我的车一侧被墙刮了。◆Sorry, I've scraped some paint off the car.抱歉，我把车刮掉了一块漆。◆She fell and scraped her knee.她摔了一跤，把膝盖蹭破了。◆The wire had scraped the skin from her fingers.她的手指被金属丝刮掉了皮。NOTE 辨析 Scratch or scrape?If you scratch a surface you make a long thin line on it; if you scrape it, you usually make a wider mark. If you scratch a part of your body, the damage is not very bad; if you scrape it, the damage is usually a little greater. 表示擦伤物体表面时，scratch指在上面留下细长的道子，scrape通常指在上面留下较宽的痕迹。表示擦伤身体某个部位时，scratch伤得不严重，scrape则通常伤得略严重些。■ rub (-bb-) [intransitive](of a surface) to move backwards and forwards many times against sth while pressing it, especially causing pain or damage （表面）磨，摩擦（尤指引起疼痛或造成损害）◆The back of my shoe is rubbing.我的鞋后跟磨脚。◆The wheel is rubbing on the mudguard.车轮蹭着挡泥板了。◆The horse's neck was rubbed raw (= until the skin came off) where the rope had been.马脖子上拴过缰绳的地方皮都给磨掉了。■ scuff [transitive] to make a mark on the smooth surface of sth when you rub it against sth rough 磨损，磨坏（光滑表面）◆I scuffed the heel of my shoe on the stonework.我的鞋跟被铺石路面磨坏了。■ graze [transitive] to break the surface of your skin by rubbing it against sth rough 擦伤，擦破（皮肤）◆I fell and grazed my knee.我摔了一跤，擦伤了膝盖。◆He grazed his elbow on a sharp piece of rock.他的手肘被一块尖石划伤了。 see also graze ⇨ injury noun NOTE 辨析 Scrape or graze? Graze is only used to talk about parts of the body; scrape can be used to talk about damaging many types of surface. Scrape places more emphasis on the action; graze places more emphasis on the injury. * graze仅指擦伤身体某部位，scrape可用于多种表面。scrape更强调擦伤的动作，graze更强调所受的损伤。 |