| 例句 |
operation noun
⇨ company (a multinational operation) ⇨ project (a rescue operation) ⇨ trade (the firm's banking operations) ⇨ treatment (a medical operation) ⇨ in operation ⇨ active adj. company noun ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ business 2 and ⇨ group 3 另见business条第2义和group条第3义company ♦︎ firm ♦︎ business ♦︎ operation ♦︎ corporation ♦︎ enterprise ♦︎ practice ♦︎ houseThese are all words for an organization that makes money by producing or selling goods or services. 这些词均表示公司、企业、商号。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a multinational company / firm / business / operation / corporation / enterprise◆a state-owned company / firm / business / corporation / enterprise◆a private company / firm / business / operation / corporation / enterprise / practice / ... house◆a family company / firm / business / operation / enterprise / practice / ... house◆a commercial company / firm / business / operation / corporation / enterprise / ... house◆a business company / firm / operation / corporation / enterprise◆to manage / run / have / own a company / a firm / a business / an operation / a corporation / an enterprise / a ... house◆to buy / acquire / take over a company / firm / business / an operation / an enterprise◆to set up a company / firm / business / an operation / a corporation / an enterprise / a practice / a ... house◆to found a company / firm / business / practice / ... house◆to work for / join / leave / resign from a company / firm / business / corporation / practice / ... house◆a company / a firm / a business / a corporation / an enterprise / a ... house fails■ company [countable + singular or plural verb] a business organization that makes money by producing or selling goods or services 公司；商号；商行◆During the 1980s it was one of the largest computer companies in the world.在20世纪80年代，它是全球最大的计算机公司之一。◆Mike gets a company car with his new job.迈克因新的职位配备了一辆公司用车。■ firm [countable] a company 公司；商号；商行◆He got a job with a London engineering firm.他得到了伦敦一家工程公司的工作。◆the city's oldest and most prestigious law firm该市历史最久、最负盛名的律师事务所◆I'm working for a firm of accountants.我在一家会计师事务所工作。NOTE 辨析 Company or firm? Firm is often used to talk about a small, fairly specialized organization, especially one that sells professional advice or services. * firm常指小型、专业性强的机构，尤指提供专业咨询或服务的公司◆a / an engineering / law / consulting / insurance / security firm工程公司；律师事务所；顾问／保险／保安公司◆a firm of accountants / consultants / lawyers / solicitors会计师事务所；顾问公司；律师事务所 Firm is also often used to talk about companies run by members of a family, or companies that have been operating for a long time. * firm亦常指家族企业或老字号◆a / the family firm家族企业◆his father's firm他父亲的公司◆a / an old / long-established / old-fashioned / reputable / renowned firm老字号；历史悠久的／老式的／信誉好的／有名的公司 Company is much wider in range, and can be used to talk about any type of organization that makes money by producing or selling goods or services. * company使用范围更广，可指任何制造或销售产品或服务的组织。 ■ business [countable] a commercial organization such as a company, shop or factory 商业机构；企业；公司；商店；工厂◆I've decided to start my own business.我决定自己开公司。◆They've got a small catering business.他们做餐饮小生意。◆This legislation will hurt small businesses.这项法规将损害小企业。ⓘ Business is a general term for commercial organizations of any type or size. * business是任何类型或规模的商业机构的统称◆Almost all businesses will be closed on Christmas Day (= shops, factories, offices, etc.).几乎所有的商家在圣诞节那天都关门。It is also used especially to talk about small organizations, including those run by a single person or family, without any employees. (A company or firm always has employees.) Business is often used when people start up or set up in business for the first time. You can also have a big business but big business is used even more often as an uncountable noun to mean 'large companies as a group'. * business尤指小生意，包括个人或家庭经营、没有雇员的小企业。（company和firm则一定有雇员。）business常与start up或set up连用，表示初次创业。big business可以是可数名词，指一家大公司，但更多时候是不可数名词，指视为一个整体的各大公司。 see also business ⇨ industry , business ⇨ trade ■ operation [countable] a company or business involving many parts; one part of a large company or business （包括许多部分的）企业，公司；（大企业的）一部分，分部◆It's a huge multinational operation.那是一家庞大的跨国公司。◆Network Computing Inc. plans to open a UK operation in Britain next year.网络计算公司计划下一年度在英国开设分支机构。■ corporation (abbreviation Corp. ) [countable] a large business company （大）公司◆They provide banking facilities to multinational corporations.他们为跨国公司提供银行设施。ⓘ Corporation is often used to talk about very large American business companies. * corporation常指超大型美国商业公司。■ enterprise /ˈentəpraɪz; NAmE ˈentərpraɪz/ [countable] (business 商业, journalism 新闻) a company or business 公司；企业单位；事业单位◆They plan to privatize over 100 state-owned enterprises.他们计划将100多家国有企业私有化。ⓘ Enterprise is often used in government texts and business journalism. * enterprise常用于政府文件和商业新闻。■ practice [countable] a business or place that offers professional advice or treatment, especially in law and medicine （提供专业咨询或治疗的）业务活动，工作地点（尤指律师事务所和诊所）◆She runs a successful law practice.她经营一家成功的律师事务所。 see also practice ⇨ work noun 2 , surgery ⇨ surgery ■ house [countable] (used in compounds 用于复合词) a company involved in a particular type of business （从事某种业务的）公司，机构◆The publishing house made its name by encouraging first-time writers.该出版社扶持新人作家，闯出了名号。ⓘ House is used in compounds such as a/an fashion/publishing/software/investment/auction house. * house用于复合词，如a/an fashion/publishing/software/investment/auction house（时装公司；出版社；软件／投资／拍卖公司）。 project noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ process 另见process条project ♦︎ activity ♦︎ operation ♦︎ venture ♦︎ exercise ♦︎ enterprise ♦︎ pursuit ♦︎ undertaking ♦︎ occupationThese are all words for sth that you give your time and energy to, especially in order to achieve a particular aim. 这些词均表示为达到某一目的的活动、项目等。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a major / successful / joint project / activity / operation / venture / exercise / enterprise / undertaking◆a big / difficult project / operation / exercise / enterprise / undertaking◆an ambitious project / operation / venture / exercise / enterprise / undertaking◆an expensive project / activity / operation / venture / exercise / undertaking◆a profitable activity / venture / exercise / enterprise◆a worthwhile project / activity / venture / exercise / pursuit / undertaking / occupation◆a dangerous activity / operation / exercise / enterprise / undertaking◆a risky project / activity / operation / venture / enterprise / undertaking◆a / an business / commercial / industrial project / activity / operation / venture / enterprise / undertaking◆to set up / run / support a project / an activity / an operation / a venture / an enterprise◆to launch a project / an operation / a venture / an enterprise◆to carry out / supervise a project / an activity / an operation / an exercise◆to be involved in a project / an activity / an operation / a venture / an exercise / an enterprise◆a project / a venture / an enterprise fails / succeeds■ project [countable] a planned piece of work that is designed to find information about sth, to produce sth new or to improve sth 生产（或研究等）项目；方案；工程◆He's working on a research project in the department of social sciences.他正在社会科学系做一个研究项目。◆We want to set up a project to computerize the library system.我们想开展一个图书馆系统电脑化的项目。■ activity [countable] something that you do for interest or pleasure, or in order to achieve a particular aim （为兴趣、娱乐或达到一定目的而进行的）活动◆The club provides a wide variety of activities including tennis, swimming and squash.这家俱乐部的活动丰富多彩，有网球、游泳和壁球。◆The book contains plenty of ideas for classroom activities.书中有很多组织课堂活动的点子。■ operation [countable] (rather formal) an organized activity that involves several people doing different things （有组织的）活动，行动◆A major rescue operation was launched after two divers were reported missing.接到两名潜水者失踪的报警后便组织了一次大规模的搜救行动。◆ (BrE) It was a tricky operation to get all the barrels safely down on to the road.把所有的木桶都完好无损地搬到公路上，这个工作很棘手。■ venture / /ˈventʃə(r)/ / [countable] a business project, especially one that involves taking risks （尤指有风险的）经营项目，投资项目◆The project is a joint venture between the public and private sectors.这是个包含公有和私有成分的合资项目。■ exercise [countable] an activity that is designed to achieve a particular result （为达到某一结果的）活动◆Staying calm was an exercise in self-control.保持镇静是一种自我控制活动。◆In the end it proved a pointless exercise.最终证明那是一项毫无意义的活动。◆As a public relations exercise the festival was clearly a success.作为一个公关活动，这次的文艺节显然很成功。ⓘ In this meaning exercise is often used to talk about controlling or finding out what people think of an organization or person; collocates include marketing, publicity, public relations, propaganda, damage limitation, consultation, evaluation and research. 表达此义时，exercise常指左右或调查人们对某组织或某人的看法的活动，搭配词有marketing、publicity、public relations、propaganda、damage limitation、consultation、evaluation和research。■ enterprise /ˈentəpraɪz; NAmE ˈentərpraɪz/ [countable] a large project, especially one that is difficult （尤指艰巨的）规划，事业◆The music festival is a new enterprise which we hope will become an annual event.这个音乐节是个新规划，我们希望能每年举办一次。■ pursuit /pəˈsjuːt; NAmE pərˈsuːt/ [countable, usually plural] (rather formal) something that you do for interest or pleasure, especially when you are not working （尤指工作之余的）消遣，爱好◆She has time now to follow her various artistic pursuits.她现在有时间从事她的各种艺术爱好了。■ undertaking /ˌʌndəˈteɪkɪŋ; NAmE ˌʌndərˈteɪkɪŋ/ [countable] (rather formal) a task or project, especially one that is important and/or difficult （尤指重大或艰巨的）任务，项目，事业◆He is interested in buying the club as a commercial undertaking.他有意买下这个俱乐部作商业投资。◆In those days, the trip across country was a dangerous undertaking.那时候，越野旅行是件危险的事。 see also undertake ⇨ do 1 NOTE 辨析 Enterprise or undertaking? Undertaking gives the impression that the task in question is difficult or complicated. Typical collocates are major, large and massive. Enterprise is also used to talk about a large or important project, but it also gives the impression that the aim of the task is to produce sth new or different. * undertaking一词给人的印象是任务艰巨或复杂，常与major、large和massive搭配。enterprise也指大型或重要的项目，但同时给人的印象是工作的目的是做出新颖或与众不同的东西。■ occupation [countable] (rather formal) something that you do for interest or pleasure, especially when you are not working （尤指工作之余的）消遣，爱好◆Her main occupation seems to be shopping.逛商店购物似乎是她的主要消遣。NOTE 辨析 Activity, pursuit or occupation? Activity is the most general of these words, with a wide range of collocates relating to business, government and the military, education and sport and leisure. * activity在三个词中含义最宽泛，与之搭配的词涉及商务、政府、军队、教育、体育与休闲◆business / commerical / trading / training activities商务／商业／贸易／培训活动◆government / economic / political / military / guerrilla / terrorist activities政府／经济／政治／军事／游击队／恐怖主义活动◆classroom / cultural / extra-curricular / educational / learning activities课堂／文化／课外／教育／学习活动◆leisure / outdoor / recreational / social / sporting activities业余／户外／娱乐／社会／体育活动 Occupation, in this meaning, is often used with favourite, and is used to talk about gentle activities that people enjoy doing to pass the time such as knitting, watching the sun set, walking in the countryside, sitting on a bench watching people or going to a gallery. Pursuit is often used in writing, and is used to talk about more structured sporting, cultural or intellectual activities. 表达此义时，occupation常与favourite连用，指人们喜欢的、可以消磨时光的、运动量小的活动，如编织、看日落、在乡间漫步、坐在长椅上看人、去美术馆等。pursuit常用于书面语，指较为严谨的体育、文化或智力活动。 trade noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ business 2 另见business条第2义trade ♦︎ business ♦︎ market ♦︎ operation ♦︎ trading ♦︎ commerce ♦︎ marketplace ♦︎ trafficking ♦︎ enterprise ♦︎ dealingThese are all words for the activity of buying, selling or supplying goods or services for money, or the amount of goods and services sold. 这些词均表示买卖、交易或营业额、交易量。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a trade / the market in sth◆trade / business / trading / commerce / trafficking / enterprise / dealing between people / countries◆trade / business / trading / commerce / dealing with sb / a country◆(the) foreign / international / global trade / business / market / operations / trading / commerce / marketplace◆(the) domestic / internal trade / business / market / operations / trading / commerce◆(a / the) local trade / business / market / operations / trading / marketplace / enterprise◆illegal trade / business / operations / trading / trafficking / enterprise / dealings◆(a) profitable trade / business / market / operations / trading◆(a) free trade / market / trading / enterprise◆to engage in trade / business / trading / commerce / enterprise◆to encourage / promote trade / business / commerce / enterprise◆trade / business / the market / an operation expands / grows / increases◆trade / business / the market is booming / picks up / declines / falls■ trade [uncountable, countable] the activity of buying and selling or of exchanging goods or services between people or countries; the amount of goods or services that you sell 贸易；买卖；交易；营业额；交易量◆Trade between the two countries has increased.两国之间的贸易增长了。◆The international trade in oil has been massively affected.国际石油贸易受到严重影响。◆Trade was very good last month.上月的交易量很大。◆ (especially BrE) Stores are doing a brisk trade in wizard accessories and vampire kits.商店里魔法配件和吸血鬼套装卖得很火。ⓘ In American English it is more usual to say doing brisk business in sth. 在美式英语中，更常说be doing brisk business in sth。 see also trade ⇨ sell verb 2 , trader ⇨ dealer ■ business [uncountable] the activity of producing, buying, selling or providing goods or services for money; the amount of work done by a company; the rate or quality of this work 商业；买卖；生意；营业额；营业状况◆It's been a pleasure to do business with you.和你做买卖很愉快。◆She has set up in business as a hairdresser.她已经开店当美发师了。◆When he left school he went into business with his brother.他毕业后和哥哥去经商了。◆What line of business are you in?你从事什么行业？◆There are strong links between politics and big business (= large companies that have a lot of power and influence).政治和大企业之间有紧密联系。◆How's business?生意如何？◆If we close down for repairs, we'll lose business.如果停业整修，我们会失去生意的。◆ (especially NAmE) Stores are doing brisk business in wizard accessories and vampire kits.商店里魔法配件和吸血鬼套装卖得很火。ⓘ In British English it is more usual to say doing a brisk trade in sth. 在英式英语中，更常说be doing a brisk trade in sth。 see also business ⇨ company , business ⇨ industry , do business ⇨ sell verb 2 NOTE 辨析 Trade or business? Trade is used slightly more to talk about buying and selling goods rather than services. Business is often used when people are emphasizing the more personal aspects of these activities, such as making contacts, discussing and agreeing things and working together to provide goods or services. * trade表示商品交易略多于服务交易。使用business时常更强调过程中人际交往的活动，如签订合同、洽谈、达成协议并合作提供商品或服务等。■ market [singular] the amount of trade in a particular type of goods （某种商品的）交易量◆They have 20% of the world market in coffee.他们的咖啡贸易占全球市场的20%。◆We have increased our share of the market by 10%.我们的市场份额增加了10%。◆There has been a downturn in the property market (= the number and type of houses that are available).目前房地产市场持续低迷。◆They have cornered the market in sportswear (= they sell the most).他们垄断了运动服装的市场。■ operation [countable, usually plural] the activity or work done in an area of business or industry （工商业）活动，业务◆The firm's banking operations overseas have been affected by the disaster.这家公司的海外银行业务受到这次灾难的影响。■ trading [uncountable] the activity of buying and selling things, especially in shops and on the stock market (= where shares in companies are bought and sold) （尤指商店和股票市场的）生意，交易，买卖◆Stores everywhere reported excellent trading in the run-up to Christmas.各地商店均称圣诞节前生意火爆。◆Shares worth $8 million changed hands during a day of hectic trading.当日股市交投活跃，股票换手市值达800万元。 see also trade ⇨ sell 2 , trader ⇨ dealer ■ commerce /ˈkɒmɜːs; NAmE ˈkɑːmɜːrs/ [uncountable] (rather formal) trade, especially between countries （尤指国际性的）贸易，商业◆Leaders of industry and commerce met at the summit in Paris.工商界领导人在巴黎首脑会议上会面。 see also commercial ⇨ economic ■ marketplace /ˈmɑːkɪtpleɪs; NAmE ˈmɑːrkɪtpleɪs/ [singular] the activity of competing with other companies to buy and sell goods and services 市场竞争◆They have successfully adapted to the demands of the global marketplace.他们已成功适应全球市场的需求。■ trafficking [uncountable] the activity of buying and selling sth illegally 非法交易◆She was accused of drug trafficking.她被控贩毒。ⓘ Drug is by far the most frequent collocate of trafficking. Other collocates are illegal, heroin and narcotic. * trafficking最常与drug搭配，其他搭配词有illegal、heroin和narcotic。■ enterprise /ˈentəpraɪz; NAmE ˈentərpraɪz/ [uncountable] the development of businesses by the people of a country rather than by the government 企业发展；企业经营；企业活动◆They provide grants to encourage enterprise in the region.他们拨款鼓励这个地区的企业发展。◆The culture of dependency was replaced by an enterprise culture (= in which people are encouraged to develop small businesses).依赖社会福利的文化被鼓励自主创业的文化所取代。■ dealing [uncountable, countable] a way of doing business with sb; buying and selling 经营作风；经营方式；买卖；交易◆We have a reputation for honest dealing.我们有诚信经营的良好商誉。◆Drug dealing on our streets is becoming a growing problem.毒品交易在我们街区正成为日益严重的问题。◆ (especially BrE) Sales plummeted just after dealings in shares began.股票交易一开市成交量就大跌。 see also deal in sth ⇨ sell 2 , dealer ⇨ dealer NOTE 辨析 Trading or dealing? Trading is used to talk about selling things in shops; dealing is used to talk about selling things illegally, especially drugs. Both words can be used to talk about buying and selling shares in companies, but in American English trading is more usual. * trading指商店里商品的买卖；dealing指非法交易，尤指毒品交易。两个词均可指公司股票的买卖，但在美式英语中trading更常用。 treatment noun treatment ♦︎ surgery ♦︎ medicine ♦︎ therapy ♦︎ operation ♦︎ healing ♦︎ medical care ♦︎ cure ♦︎ nursingThese are all words for the practice or study of making people well after illness or injury. 这些词均表示治疗、疗法、诊治。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆treatment / surgery / therapy / an operation for sth◆surgery / an operation on sb / sth◆(an) emergency treatment / surgery / operation◆(a / an) alternative / orthodox / conventional treatment / medicine / therapy◆to have treatment / surgery / therapy / an operation / medical care◆to undergo treatment / surgery / therapy / an operation◆to receive treatment / surgery / therapy / medical care◆to need / require treatment / surgery / therapy / an operation / medical care◆to give sb treatment / therapy / medical care◆to carry out treatment / surgery / an operation◆to perform surgery / an operation■ treatment [uncountable, countable] something that is done to cure an illness or injury, or to make sb look or feel good 治疗；疗法；诊治；护理◆He is receiving treatment for shock.他因休克正在接受治疗。◆She is responding well to treatment.她经过治疗大有起色。◆Guests at the health spa receive a range of beauty and fitness treatments.客人在健康水疗馆可接受各种美容及保健护理。■ surgery / /ˈsɜːdʒəri; NAmE ˈsɜːrdʒəri/ [uncountable] medical treatment of injuries or diseases that involves cutting open the body and often removing or replacing some parts; the branch of medicine connected with this treatment 外科手术；外科学◆The doctor had to perform emergency surgery to the patient's head.医生不得不对病人头部做紧急手术。◆She will require surgery on her left knee.她的左膝需要做手术。◆My brother went on to study surgery.我哥哥进而攻读外科学。ⓘ Plastic surgery or cosmetic surgery is medical operations to repair injury to a person's skin, or to improve their appearance. * plastic surgery或cosmetic surgery指整形手术、整容手术。■ medicine [uncountable] the study and treatment of diseases and injuries 医学◆She went on to practise medicine after completing her studies.完成学业后，她开始行医。◆Which branch of medicine are you going to train in?你要接受哪个医学分支的培训？◆He gave up general medicine to specialize in geriatric medicine.他放弃了普通内科，专攻老年医学。 see also medicine ⇨ drug 2 ■ therapy /ˈθerəpi/ / [uncountable, countable] the treatment of an illness or physical problem, especially using a particular method 治疗；（某种）疗法◆Most patients undergo some sort of drug therapy for leukaemia.多数白血病患者都会接受某种药物治疗。◆She has trained in alternative therapies (= therapies that do not use conventional drugs).她接受了替代疗法的培训。ⓘ Therapy is often used in compounds, meaning a particular kind of therapy: physiotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, psychotherapy. Therapy can also be another word for psychotherapy, which is the treatment of mental illness by discussing sb's problems, rather than by giving them drugs. * therapy常用于构成复合词，指某种疗法，如physiotherapy（物理治疗），chemotherapy（化疗），radiotherapy（放射疗法），occupational therapy（职业疗法），speech therapy（言语治疗），psychotherapy（心理治疗）。therapy还可表示psychotherapy之义，指不使用药物，而是通过讨论某人的问题来治疗心理疾病的疗法。■ operation [countable] the process of cutting open a part of a person's body in order to remove or repair a damaged part 手术◆Will I need to have an operation?我需要动手术吗？◆an operation on her lung to remove a tumour切除她肺部肿瘤的手术◆He underwent a three-hour heart operation.他接受了三个小时的心脏手术。▸ operate verb [intransitive] ◆The doctors operated last night.医生们昨夜做手术了。◆We will have to operate on his eyes.我们得给他的眼睛动手术。NOTE 辨析 Surgery or operation? Surgery is uncountable; operation is countable. * surgery是不可数名词，operation是可数名词◆The doctor recommended surgery.医生建议做手术。◆She's had three operations in the past two years.她在过去两年做过三次手术。 ■ healing [uncountable] the process of becoming or making sb/sth healthy again, usually through natural methods （通常通过自然手段）康复，治疗◆Homeopathy aims to reinforce the body's natural healing powers.顺势疗法的目的是增强身体的自愈能力。◆Rest is an important part of the healing process.休息在康复过程中是很重要的。ⓘ Faith healing is a method of treating a sick person through the power of belief and prayer. * faith healing指通过信念和祈祷治疗病人的信仰疗法。 see also heal ⇨ cure ■ ˈmedical care [uncountable] the practice of caring for sb when they are ill or injured 医疗护理◆Many people didn't receive proper medical care after the explosion.爆炸发生后，很多人没有得到适当的医疗护理。■ cure [countable] the act of curing sb of an illness; the process of being cured 治疗；疗程◆Doctors cannot effect a cure if the illness has spread too far.假如疾病已严重扩散，医生也无法妙手回春。◆The cure took six weeks.此疗程花了六个星期。 see also cure ⇨ cure verb , cure ⇨ drug noun 2 ■ nursing [uncountable] the job or skill of caring for people who are ill or injured 护理；看护◆He is planning to follow a career in nursing.他计划从事护理工作。 see also nurse ⇨ doctor active adjective active ♦︎ in operation ♦︎ in force ♦︎ in action ♦︎ up and running ♦︎ operationalThese words all describe sb/sth being able to do, or doing, the activity or work that is typical for them. 这些词均表示发挥功效或起作用。■ active doing sth regularly; functioning; having or causing a chemical effect 定期进行的；起作用的；起化学作用的◆These animals are active only at night.这些动物只在夜间活动。◆Numbers of sexually active teenagers have continued to rise.有性行为的青少年人数持续增加。◆The virus is still active in the blood.病毒仍然在血液中起作用。◆What is the active ingredient in aspirin?阿司匹林中的有效成分是什么？ OPP inactive ⓘ Inactive describes sb/sth that is not doing anything, is not in use or not working or has no effect. * inactive指不活动的、不使用的、不起作用的◆Some animals are inactive during the daytime.有些动物白天不活动。◆an inactive drug / disease失效的药物；非活动性疾病 ■ in opeˈration idiom (rather formal) (of a system) working, being used or having an effect （系统）工作中，使用中，有效◆The system needs to be in operation for six months before it can be assessed.此系统须运行六个月后才能对它进行评估。◆Temporary traffic controls are in operation on New Road.“新路”正实施临时交通管制。ⓘ When a system comes into operation it starts working or having an effect. * come into operation表示开始运行或开始生效◆The new rules come into operation from next week.新规定下周开始生效。When you put sth into operation you start using it or make it start working. * put sth into operation表示开始使用或启动◆It's time to put our plan into operation.该是执行我们计划的时候了。 see also operate ⇨ organize , operate ⇨ work verb 3 ■ in ˈforce idiom (of a law or rule) being used （法律或规定）有效力，实施中◆The new regulations are now in force.新规定现已生效。ⓘ When a law or rule comes/enters into force it starts being used. * come/enter into force表示法律或规定开始实施◆When do the new regulations come into force?新规定何时开始执行？When you bring sth into force you make a law or rule start being used. * bring sth into force表示使法律或规定开始生效◆They are hoping to bring the new legislation into force by the end of the year.他们希望在年底前实施新法。 ■ in ˈaction idiom (of a person or thing) doing the activity or work that is typical for them （人或物）在活动中，运转中◆I've yet to see all the players in action.我还得看所有参赛者实地比赛。■ ˌup and ˈrunning idiom (of a system, for example a computer system) working; being used （系统，如计算机系统）在运转，在使用中◆By that time the new system should be up and running.到那时，新系统应该已经运转起来了。ⓘ Up and running is usually used to talk about sth starting to work or be used after a period of development. * up and running通常指经过一段时间的研发后开始运转或使用。 see also run ⇨ work verb 3 ■ operational [not usually before noun] (rather formal) ready to be used; in use 可使用；在使用中◆The new airport should be fully operational by the end of the year.新机场应该会在年底前全面投入运营。ⓘ Operational is very often used in the phrase fully operational. * operational经常用于短语fully operational中。 see also operate ⇨ work verb 3 |