| 例句 |
oppress verb
⇨ discourage 2 (The gloomy atmosphere oppressed her.) ⇨ suppress 1 (oppressed people)discourage2 verb a campaign to discourage smoking among teenagers 劝阻青少年吸烟的运动Don't be discouraged by failure. 不要因失败而灰心丧气。discourage ♦︎ demoralize ♦︎ depress ♦︎ daunt ♦︎ crush ♦︎ get sb down ♦︎ oppressThese words all mean to make sb feel less confident, less enthusiastic or unhappy. 这些词均表示使人失去信心、热情或兴致。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a thought depresses / daunts / oppresses sb■ discourage / /dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒ; NAmE dɪsˈkɜːrɪdʒ/ [transitive, often passive] to make sb feel less confident or enthusiastic about doing sth 使灰心；使泄气；使失去热情◆Don't be discouraged by the first failure－try again!不要因第一次失败就灰心丧气，再试一次吧！◆The weather discouraged most people from attending.这天气使得大部分人都不愿意出席。◆High interest rates will discourage investment.高利率会降低人们的投资意愿。OPP encourage ⇨ encourage 1 see also discouraging ⇨ disappointing ▸ discouragement noun [uncountable, countable] ◆an atmosphere of discouragement and despair灰心绝望的气氛◆Despite all these discouragements, she refused to give up.尽管遇到这么多挫折，她仍不气馁。 OPP encouragement ⇨ encourage 1 ■ demoralize (BrE also demoralise) /dɪˈmɒrəlaɪz; NAmE dɪˈmɔːrəlaɪz, dɪˈmɑːrəlaɪz/ [transitive, often passive] to make sb lose confidence and hope, especially by creating a negative feeling among a group of people 使泄气；使意志消沉；使士气低落◆Constant criticism is enough to demoralize anybody.没完没了的批评足以使任何人意志消沉。◆Many members were demoralized by the leadership's failure to implement reforms.许多成员因领导者改革不力而士气低落。 see also morale ⇨ mood ▸ demoralizing (BrE also demoralising) adjective ◆the demoralizing effects of unemployment失业使人意志消沉的坏影响■ depress /dɪˈpres/ / [transitive] to make sb feel sad and without hope or enthusiasm 使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉◆Wet weather always depresses me.阴雨天总使我心情抑郁。◆It depresses me to see so many young girls smoking.看到这么多年轻女孩抽烟使我感到沮丧。 see also depressed ⇨ depressed , depressing ⇨ negative , depression ⇨ gloom ■ daunt / /dɔːnt/ / [transitive, often passive] to make sb feel nervous and less confident about doing sth, because it seems difficult or frightening 使胆怯；使气馁；使失去信心◆She was a brave woman but she felt daunted by the task ahead.她是个勇敢的女人，但对面前的任务却感到信心不足。 see also daunting ⇨ frightening ■ crush [transitive] (especially written) to destroy sb's confidence or happiness 破坏，毁坏（某人的信心或幸福）◆She felt completely crushed by the teacher's criticism.老师的批评使她觉得自己一无是处。◆Their new self-confidence could not be crushed.他们刚刚建立起的自信心不能被破坏。▸ crushing adjective ◆a crushing defeat in the election在选举中的惨败■ ˌget sb ˈdown phrasal verb (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) (rather informal, especially spoken) to make sb feel sad or depressed 使悲伤；使沮丧；使忧郁◆Don't let it get you down too much.别为这件事过度沮丧。◆The lack of sleep is getting me down.缺少睡眠使我委靡不振。 OPP cheer sb up ⇨ encourage 1 ■ oppress / /əˈpres/ / [transitive] (rather formal, written) to make sb only able to think about sad or worrying things 使郁闷；使烦恼；使不安◆The gloomy atmosphere in the office oppressed her.办公室里那阴沉沉的气氛使她郁闷。 suppress1 verb suppress a rebellion 镇压叛乱suppress a feeling 压抑感情suppress ♦︎ persecute ♦︎ quell ♦︎ crush ♦︎ put sth down ♦︎ disenfranchise ♦︎ subdue ♦︎ oppress ♦︎ repressThese words all mean to use political or military force to bring a group of people under control, to restrict their rights and freedoms, or to stop them from opposing the authorities. 这些词均表示以政治或军事力量来镇压、压制。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达压制的程度| disenfranchise | ➔ | suppress | ➔ | persecute | | subdue | | quell | | crush | | | put sth down | | | | | oppress | | | | | repress | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to suppress / quell / crush / put down / repress a rebellion◆to suppress / quell / crush / put down a / an uprising / revolt◆to suppress / quell / crush opposition◆to suppress / quell / put down a riot◆to quell / crush / subdue rebels◆a persecuted / a disenfranchised / an oppressed minority / people◆the army / troops / police (are used / called in, etc. to) suppress / quell / crush / put down / subdue sb / sth◆a government suppresses / quells / crushes sb / sth◆to brutally suppress / crush / put down / repress sb / sth◆to ruthlessly suppress / crush / repress sb / sth■ suppress / /səˈpres/ / [transitive] (rather formal, written, disapproving) (of a government or ruler) to stop a group or activity which is opposing or threatening authority, often by force （政府或统治者以武力）镇压，平定，压制◆The regime ruthlessly suppresses all dissent.该政权无情压制所有不同意见。◆Trade union rights were suppressed and casual work became the norm.工会的权益受到压制，临时工成为常态。▸ suppression noun [uncountable] ◆the suppression of a rebellion / free speech对叛乱的镇压；对言论自由的压制■ persecute / /ˈpɜːsɪkjuːt; NAmE ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːt/ [transitive, often passive] (disapproving) (especially of people in power) to treat sb in a cruel and unfair way, especially because of their race, religion or political beliefs （尤指当权者因种族、宗教或政治信仰）迫害，残害，压迫◆Throughout history, people have been persecuted for their religious beliefs.历史上人们一直因宗教信仰而受到迫害。 see also persecution ⇨ repression ■ quell [transitive] (rather formal, written, disapproving) (of a government or the authorities) to stop sth such as violent behaviour or protests, often by force （政府或当局以武力）制止，平息，镇压◆Extra police were called in to quell the disturbances.调集更多警力来平息骚乱。■ crush [transitive] (disapproving, journalism 新闻) (of a government or ruler) to use violent methods to stop people who are opposing authority （政府或统治者用暴力）制伏，镇压◆The army was sent in to crush the rebellion.军队被派去平息叛乱。■ ˌput sth ˈdown phrasal verb (putting, put, put) (disapproving) (of a government or the authorities) to use force to stop sth, such as a group or activity which is opposing authority （政府或当局用武力）镇压，平定◆Troops loyal to the president put down an attempted coup.效忠于总统的军队镇压了一场未遂政变。■ disenfranchise /ˌdɪsɪnˈfræntʃaɪz/ / [transitive] (formal) to take away sb's rights, especially their right to vote 剥夺（某人的）权利（尤指选举权）◆Many disabled people were effectively disenfranchised because of lack of access.由于缺乏机会，很多残疾人的权利实际上被剥夺了。■ subdue / /səbˈdjuː; NAmE səbˈduː/ [transitive] (formal, disapproving) (of a government or the authorities) to bring sb/sth under control, such as a group or activity which is opposing authority, especially by using force （政府或当局用武力）制伏，征服，控制◆Troops were called in to subdue the rebels.军队被调来镇压叛乱者。NOTE 辨析 Suppress, quell, crush, put down or subdue?These words are all disapproving and suggest an unfair use of power. Suppress is the most general word. It can refer to stopping a range of different groups or activities, using different degrees of force from political pressure to physical violence. Quell usually refers to stopping violence, protests, riots, etc. This can be political protests or opposition, or other violence, such as football hooligans. Crush and put down both refer to using force to stop either opposition or protests and riots. Crush suggests the use of particularly violent methods and is used especially in journalism. Subdue is a more formal word to refer to bringing opposition under control, either with immediate action, for example by the police or army, or over a period of time. 这些词均含贬义，指不公正地使用了权力。suppress含义最广，可指不同程度地使用政治压力或武力来压制各种群体或活动；quell通常指平息暴力、抗议或骚乱等，包括政治性抗议或对抗，以及足球流氓滋事之类的其他暴力行为；crush和put down均表示使用武力镇压抗议、对抗或暴乱，crush尤用于新闻语言中，指使用特别粗暴的手段；subdue比较正式，表示把对手置于控制之中，既可指立刻采取行动，如动用警察或军队镇压，也可指行动持续一段时期。■ oppress /əˈpres/ / [transitive] (rather formal, written, disapproving) (especially of people in power) to treat sb in a cruel or unfair way, by not giving them the same rights and freedoms as other people （尤指当权者）压迫，欺压，压制◆The regime is accused of oppressing religious minorities.人们指控这个政权欺压少数宗教信徒。 see also oppression ⇨ repression ■ repress / /rɪˈpres/ / [transitive, often passive] (rather formal, written, disapproving) (of a government or the authorities) to control a group of people and restrict their freedom, especially a group who oppose or threaten authority, by using political or military force （政府或当局用政治或军事力量）压制，镇压◆The government was quick to repress any opposition.政府迅速镇压一切反对势力。 see also repression ⇨ repression NOTE 辨析 Persecute, disenfranchise, oppress or repress? Persecute is the most extreme of these verbs and refers to cruel treatment that can include harming and even killing a group of people because they are different in a way which is considered offensive by others or by those in power. People get persecuted especially because of their race, religion or political beliefs, for example the persecution of the Jews during World War II. Disenfranchise is the least emotional, most descriptive term, and means to take people's rights away, especially their right to vote. Oppress and repress lie between these two, meaning to restrict people's freedom so that they cannot express their opinions, act as they want to, challenge those in power, etc. In general people are oppressed and their activities are repressed. 这几个词中persecute最为极端，指对那些由于与众不同而被认为冒犯了别人或当权者的群体进行残酷迫害，包括伤害甚至杀戮。导致人们遭受迫害的原因尤以种族、宗教或政治信仰为主，例如第二次世界大战时对犹太人的迫害。disenfranchise最少情感色彩、最侧重客观叙述，表示剥夺某人的权利，特别是选举权。oppress和repress介于上述两词之间，表示限制人们的言论、行动以及挑战当权者的自由。通常情况下，压制人用oppress，压制行为用repress。 |