order verb ⇨order1 (order sb to do sth)⇨order2 (order goods/a meal)⇨rank (ordered alphabetically)⇨rule2 (order that sth must happen)order noun ⇨order (obey orders)⇨efficiency (create order out of chaos)⇨peace (keep order)⇨request (an order for ten copies)⇨series (in alphabetical order)⇨in order⇨fine⇨law and order⇨peace⇨out of order⇨unacceptableadj.
order1
verb
order sb to do sth命令某人做某事order goods/a taxi/a meal订货；叫出租车；点餐arrangeorder your thoughtsrankordered alphabeticallyrule2order that sth must happen➡ See also the entry for ⇨ ruleverb2另见rule动词词条第2义order ♦︎ tell ♦︎ instruct ♦︎ direct ♦︎ commandThese words all mean to use your position of authority to say to sb that they must do sth.这些词均表示命令、指挥、要求。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to order / tell / instruct / direct / command sb to do sth◆to order / tell / instruct / direct / command sb that...◆to order / instruct / direct / command that...◆to do sth as ordered / told / instructed / directed / commanded◆to specifically / expressly order / tell / instruct / direct / command (sb to do sth)■order [transitive] to use your position of authority to tell sb to do sth命令；指挥；要求◆The officer ordered them to fire.军官命令他们开火。◆The government has ordered an investigation into the accident.政府下令调查事故。◆They were ordered out of the class for fighting.他们因打架被勒令离开课室。◆'Come here at once!' she ordered.“马上过来！”她命令道。◆Stop trying to order me around!别老是对我呼来喝去的！■tell(told, told) [transitive] to say to sb that they must or should do sth命令；指示；吩咐◆He was told to sit down and wait.有人吩咐他坐下等着。◆There was a sign telling motorists to slow down.有一个让汽车司机减速的指示牌。◆I kept telling myself to keep calm.我不断叮嘱自己要保持冷静。◆The doctor told me (that) I should lose some weight.医生嘱咐我要减肥。◆Don't tell me what to do!别支使我做事！◆Do as you're told!照吩咐的做！■instruct [transitive] (ratherformal) to tell sb to do sth, especially in a formal or official way（尤指以正式或官方的方式）指示，命令，吩咐◆The letter instructed him to report to headquarters immediately.那封信指示他立即去总部报到。◆You will be instructed where to go as soon as the plane is ready.飞机一准备好就会通知你去何处。◆She arrived at ten o'clock as instructed.她依照指示于10点钟到达。■direct [transitive] (formal) to give an official order（正式）指示，命令◆The judge directed the jury to return a verdict of not guilty.法官指示陪审团作出无罪裁决。■command /kəˈmɑːnd; NAmEkəˈmænd/ [transitive] to use your position of authority to tell sb to do sth命令；指挥；要求◆He commanded his men to retreat.他命令手下撤退。◆She commanded the release of the prisoners.她下令释放囚犯。 see also command ⇨ controlnounNOTE辨析 Order or command?Order is a more general word than command and can be used about anyone in a position of authority, such as a parent, teacher or government telling sb to do sth. Command is slightly stronger than order. It is the normal word to use about an army officer giving orders, or in any context where it is normal to give orders without any discussion about them. It is less likely to be used about a parent or teacher. * order含义较command宽泛，可指任何有权威的人命令他人，如父母、老师或政府下命令。command的语气稍强于order，一般用于部队长官发布命令，或指发布通常没有商量余地的命令，不大用于父母或老师下命令的情况。
order2
verb
order sb to do sth命令某人做某事order goods/a taxi/a meal订货；叫出租车；点餐arrangeorder your thoughtsrankordered alphabeticallyrule2order that sth must happenorder ♦︎ book ♦︎ hire ♦︎ rent ♦︎ charter ♦︎ reserveThese words all mean to ask for sth to be made available for you at a later time, or to pay to use sth temporarily.这些词均表示预订、预约或租借、租用。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to order / book / hire / rent / charter / reserve sth for sb◆to book / reserve a place / seat / table / ticket◆to book / hire / rent / reserve a room / hall◆to book / rent a DVD / video◆to book / charter a flight◆to hire / rent a bicycle / a boat / a car / equipment / a movie / a van / a vehicle◆to hire / charter a plane / vessel / yacht◆to order / book / reserve sth for eight o'clock / this evening / midday, etc.■order [transitive, intransitive] to ask for goods to be made or supplied or for sth to be provided; to ask to be served with sth to eat or drink订购；订货；点（食物或饮料）◆The furniture can be ordered direct from the manufacturer.这些家具可向厂方直接订货。◆I'd like to order some books, please.请帮我订几本书可以吗？◆I'll order you a taxi.我会给你叫辆出租车。◆I've ordered some sandwiches.我点了一些三明治。◆The waiter asked if we were ready to order.服务员问我们是否要点菜。 see also order ⇨ requestnoun■book [transitive, intransitive] (especially BrE) to arrange with a hotel or theatre to have a room or seat on a particular date; to arrange for sb to have a seat on a plane, train or ship（向旅馆或戏院）预约，预订；给某人预订飞机（或火车、轮船）座位◆The hotel is fully booked that weekend.旅馆那个周末订满了。◆The seminars get quickly booked up(= have no more places available).研讨会的席位很快就预订一空。◆I've booked you on the 9.30 flight.我给你订了9点30分的飞机票。◆Book early to avoid disappointment.及早预订，以免向隅。 see also book ⇨ scheduleverb■hire [transitive] (BrE) to pay money to borrow sth for a short time租用；租借◆There's a place where you can hire bikes for the day.有个地方可以租自行车用一天。◆They hired a room above a pub for the wedding reception.他们在酒馆楼上租了一个房间办婚宴。▸hire
noun
[uncountable] ◆bicycles for hire, £4 an hour自行车出租，每小时4英镑◆The costumes are on hire from the local theatre.戏装可向本地剧院租用。■rent [transitive] (especially NAmE) to pay money to borrow sth for a short time租用；租借◆She rented a car at the airport.她在机场租了一辆汽车。◆He had a list of movies they had rented from the local video store.他有一份他们从本地录像带商店租借过的电影清单。NOTE辨析 Hire or rent?In British English you hire vehicles, rooms or tools, but you rent DVDs or videos. In American English rent is used for all these things. However, for larger vehicles that usually carry paying passengers, use charter.在英式英语中，租车、租房间或租用工具用hire，但租DVD或录像带用rent。在美式英语中，租所有这些东西都用rent。不过，租用通常载送付费乘客的大型交通工具则用charter。■charter [transitive] to hire a plane, boat, bus or train包租（飞机、船、公共汽车或火车）◆The club chartered a special flight from Manchester to Turin.俱乐部包租了一架从曼彻斯特飞往都灵的专机。▸charter
noun
[uncountable] ◆a yacht available for charter可供租赁的游艇■reserve [transitive] (ratherformal) to ask for a seat, table, room or place on a course to be available for you or sb else at a future time预订，预约（座位、席位、房间）；预留（课程名额）◆They had reserved seats on the train.他们已经在火车上预订了座位。◆Please reserve a place for me on the software training day.请在软件培训日那天给我留一个名额。NOTE辨析 Book or reserve?Book usually means to make a firm arrangement which often includes making a payment at the same time or being charged if you cancel. Reserve means to ask for sth to be kept for you and does not usually require payment in advance, except in the case of seats on a train. You can also say make a reservation, which is the most usual way to express this idea in American English. * book通常指作出确定的安排，常包括在预订的同时付款，又或者如果取消预订也要交一定的费用。reserve指预订、预留某物，通常不要求预先付款，除非是预订火车座位。也可以说make a reservation，这是美式英语中表达此义最常见的用法◆I'd like to make a reservation for August 14.我想预订8月14日的座位。 see also reserve ⇨ reserve, reservation ⇨ request
rank
verb
rank ♦︎ rate ♦︎ grade ♦︎ place ♦︎ put ♦︎ orderThese words all mean to put things into a particular order, especially according to their quality.这些词均表示划分等级，尤指根据质量划分。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to rank / rate / grade / order sb / sth according to sth◆to rank / grade (sb / sth) as sb / sth◆to rank / grade / order sb / sth by sth◆to rank / rate / place / put / order sb / sth above / below sb / sth◆to rank / rate / grade / place / put sb / sth in order of sth◆to rank / rate (sb / sth) with sb / sth◆to rank / rate / grade sb / sth for sth■rank [transitive, intransitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to give sb/sth a particular position on a scale according to quality, size or performance; to have a position of this kind把⋯分等级；属于⋯等级◆The criteria are ranked in order of importance.这些标准是根据其重要程度来作分类的。◆They both lost to top-ranked American players.他们俩都输给了一流的美国选手。◆The collection ranks among the finest in the country.那批收藏品位居全国最佳藏品之列。◆It now ranks as Japan's fourth largest market.它目前是日本的第四大市场。 see also ranking ⇨ class4■rate [transitive, usually passive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to put sb/sth in a particular position on a scale in relation to similar people or things划分等级；分等◆The schools are rated according to their exam results.这些学校的排名是按考试成绩来定的。◆She is currently rated number two in the world.她目前排名世界第二。 see also rate ⇨ judgeverb1, rating ⇨ class4■grade [transitive, often passive] to arrange people or things into groups according to a quality they share（按特质）分级，分等，分类◆Eggs are graded from small to extra large.鸡蛋从小号到特大号分成不同等级。◆Responses were graded from 1 (very satisfied) to 5 (not at all satisfied).回答按1（非常满意）到5（完全不满意）分类。◆The grammar exercises are graded for difficulty.语法练习按难度分级。■place [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to consider that sb/sth has a particular position or rank compared with other people or things（经比较）归类，划分，排名次◆I would place him among the top five tennis players in the world.我会把他排在世界顶尖网球选手的前五名。◆Nursing attracts people who place relationships high on their list of priorities.护理工作对重视人际关系的人具有吸引力。■put(putting, put, put) [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition总是与副词或介词连用) to place sb/sth in a particular position or rank把⋯列为；把⋯归为◆I'd put her in the top rank of modern novelists.我认为她是一流的当代小说家。NOTE辨析 Place or put?There is very little difference in meaning or use between these words; place can sometimes suggest a more carefully considered opinion than put.这两个词在含义和用法上差别很小。place有时可暗指比put更慎重。 see also place,put ⇨ placeverb■order [transitive, usually passive] (formal) to arrange things in a particular order（按照一定顺序）排列，安排◆The books are ordered alphabetically by title.这些书按书名的字母顺序排列。◆In the periodic table elements are ordered according to atomic number.元素周期表中各元素按原子序数排列。 see also order ⇨ seriesnoun
rule2
verb
rule a country统治国家The court/judge ruled that...法庭／法官裁定⋯➡ See also the entry for ⇨ orderverb1另见order动词词条第1义rule ♦︎ prescribe ♦︎ lay sth down ♦︎ decree ♦︎ order ♦︎ legislate ♦︎ dictateThese words all mean to give an official decision about sth or officially say that sth should happen.这些词均表示正式决定、裁定、命令。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to rule / legislate on / against sth◆to rule / prescribe / lay down / decree / order / legislate / dictate that...◆to rule / prescribe / lay down / decree / order / dictate how / what / who...◆It is prescribed / laid down / decreed / ordered that...◆to do sth as prescribed / laid down / ordered / dictated◆to officially rule / prescribe / lay down / decree / order / legislate (that...)■rule [intransitive, transitive](especially of a judge or court) to give an official decision about sth（尤指法官或法庭）决定，裁定，判决◆The high court will rule on the legality of the action.高等法院将裁定此举是否合法。◆The judge ruled in favour of the plaintiff.法官判原告胜诉。◆The court ruled that the women had been unfairly dismissed.法院裁定这些妇女是被不公平地开除的。◆The deal may be ruled illegal.这笔交易可能会被判定为非法。 see also ruling ⇨ conclusion■prescribe / /prɪˈskraɪb/ / [transitive] (ratherformal) (especially of rules) to say what should be done or how sth should be done（尤指规章、条例）规定，命令，指示◆The syllabus prescribes precisely which books should be studied.教学大纲明确规定了必读书目。■ˌlay sth ˈdown
phrasal verb
(laid, laid)to state officially that people must obey a particular rule, law or principle规定，制订（条例、法规或原则）◆You can't always lay down hard and fast rules.规则不能总是定得太死。◆You should follow the regulations as laid down in the handbook.你应该遵守手册中的规定。■decree / /dɪˈkriː/ / [transitive] to decide sth officially, using your authority and without discussing it with other people（掌权者自行）裁定，判决，颁布◆The government decreed a state of emergency.政府下令进入紧急状态。◆It was decreed that the following day should be a holiday.法令宣布第二天为休假日。 see also decree ⇨ ordernoun■order [transitive] to use your position of authority to say that sth must happen命令；指示；要求◆They ordered that for every tree cut down two more be planted.他们要求每砍伐一棵树就要补栽两棵。◆The Justice Minister has ordered an investigation into the matter.司法部长已下令对此事进行调查。■legislate / /ˈledʒɪsleɪt/ / [intransitive] (formal) to make a law affecting sth制定法律；立法◆The government has been urged to legislate against discrimination in the workplace.人们敦促政府制定法律禁止职场歧视。◆The King restricted Parliament's power to legislate.国王限制议会的立法权。 see also legislation ⇨ law■dictate /dɪkˈteɪt; NAmEˈdɪkteɪt/ [transitive] to tell sb what to do or what should happen, especially in an annoying way（尤指以令人不快的方式）指使，强行规定◆What right do they have to dictate how we live our lives?他们有什么权利强行规定我们该怎样生活？◆I refuse to be dictated to.我拒绝受人摆布。◆They are in no position to dictate terms.他们没有资格发号施令。
order
noun
order ♦︎ instruction ♦︎ injunction ♦︎ directive ♦︎ decree ♦︎ commandThese are all words for sth that sb is told to do, especially by sb in authority.这些词均表示指示、命令。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆under sb's orders / sb's instructions / an injunction / a directive / a decree◆in accordance with an order / instructions / a directive / a decree◆by order / decree◆(a) written order / instructions / directive◆(a) clear order / instructions / directive / command◆(a) direct / final order / instructions / command◆to issue an order / instructions / an injunction / a directive / a decree / a command◆to obey / ignore an order / instructions / an injunction / a directive / a command◆to sign an order / an injunction / a directive / a decree◆to implement / follow / comply with an order / instructions / a directive◆to give / receive / carry out an order / instructions / a command■order [countable] something that sb is told to do by sb in authority指示；命令◆He gave orders for the work to be started.他下令开始工作。◆The general gave the order to advance.将军下令前进。◆I'm under orders not to let anyone in.我奉命不准任何人进入。◆Interest rates can be controlled by order of the central bank.利率可由中央银行管控。◆I don't take orders from you!我不听你的吩咐！◆Under the court order, she is allowed no contact with him.依法庭庭谕，她不得与他接触。■instruction [countable, usually plural] something that sb tells you to do指示；命令；吩咐◆She called you on my instructions.她遵照我的指示给你打电话。◆He left strict instructions that the box should only be opened after his death.他严格吩咐，那个盒子必须在他死后才能打开。◆She carried out his instructions to the letter(= followed them in every detail).她一丝不苟地执行他的命令。■injunction / /ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃn/ / [countable] (law法律) an official order given by a court which demands that sth must or must not be done（法院的）强制令，禁制令◆The court granted an injunction against the defendants.法庭对被告发出了禁制令。◆She took out an injunction to prevent the press from publishing the information.她拿到了一份阻止新闻媒体发布这条消息的禁制令。◆It was agreed that the temporary injunction should be lifted.大家一致同意应该解除临时强制令。ⓘ In formal English, injunction can also have the more general meaning of 'a warning from sb in authority'.在正式英语中，injunction还有更一般性的意义为“警告、指令、命令”◆The rank and file members will follow the injunction of the party leadership.普通党员一定要遵循党领导的指示。■directive / /dəˈrektɪv, dɪrektɪv, daɪrektɪv/ [countable] an official instruction, especially about how sth should be done（尤指关于某事应该怎么做的）指示，命令◆The EU has issued a new set of directives on pollution.欧盟发布了一系列关于污染的新指令。◆Don't start anything without a clear directive from management.没有管理层的明确指示，不要着手做任何事情。■decree /dɪˈkriː/ / [countable, uncountable] an official order from a ruler or government that becomes law法令；政令◆In an emergency decree, the government banned all political gatherings.政府在一项紧急法令中禁止所有政治集会。◆The general ruled by decree.将军实行专制统治。 see also decree ⇨ ruleverb2■command [countable] an order given to a person, especially by a military officer, or to an animal（尤指军队长官的或给动物的）命令◆He issued the command to retreat.他下令撤退。◆Begin when I give the command.我发命令就开始。◆She has been teaching her dog simple commands.她一直在教她的狗服从简单的指令。
efficiency
noun
efficiency ♦︎ order ♦︎ coherence ♦︎ organization ♦︎ structure ♦︎ methodThese are all words for the quality of being organized and working well.这些词均表示条理、效率。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆efficiency / coherence / method in sth◆great efficiency / coherence◆to bring / give order / coherence / structure to sth◆to have order / coherence / organization / structure◆to impose order / coherence / structure on sth◆to achieve efficiency / coherence◆to create order / coherence◆to lack order / coherence / organization / structure◆a lack of order / coherence / organization / structure■efficiency / /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ / [uncountable] the quality of doing sth well with no waste of time or money效率；效能；功效◆The new computer system will cut costs and increase efficiency.这一新的电脑系统可以降低成本，提高效率。◆New standards of energy efficiency(= not wasting energy) are being introduced.新的能源效率标准即将出台。OPPinefficiency ⇨ ineffective■order [uncountable] the state of being well organized or neatly arranged条理◆Get your ideas into some sort of order before you begin to write.落笔之前，先要理清思路。◆She always liked creating order out of chaos.她总是喜欢让无序变得有序。◆The house had been kept in good order.房子保持得井井有条。◆I felt it was time to put my life in order.我觉得到了该好好安排我自己生活的时候了。OPPdisorder ⇨ mess1, chaos ⇨ chaos see also ordered,orderly ⇨ neat■coherence /kəʊˈhɪərəns; NAmEkoʊˈhɪrəns/ [uncountable] (formal) the situation in which all the parts of sth fit or work well together连贯性；条理性◆Some of the points you make are good, but the essay as a whole lacks coherence.你提出的一些论点很好，但从整体上说文章不够连贯。◆The party tried to find some kind of ideological coherence.该党试图在意识形态上达成某种一致。 see also coherent ⇨ rational■organization (BrE alsoorganisation) [uncountable] the quality of being arranged in a neat, careful or logical way条理；系统性◆She's highly intelligent but her work lacks organization.她聪明绝顶，但工作缺乏条理。◆As a manager he's obsessed with organization.作为一名经理，他极为信奉系统性。NOTE辨析 Order or organization?Order is a state that can be created or that sth can be put into; organization is a quality that sth either has or lacks. * order是一种状态，可以作create或put into的宾语；organization是一种特质，作have或lack的宾语◆Get your ideas into some sort of organization.◆creating organization out of chaos■structure [uncountable, countable] the state of being well organized or planned with all the parts linked together精心组织；系统安排◆In terms of structure the novel has several flaws.就组织结构而言，这部小说有几处瑕疵。◆Children need structure in their lives.儿童的生活需要有周密的安排。 see also structure ⇨ structurenoun■method [uncountable] the quality of being well planned and well organized条理；有条不紊◆We have to apply some method to this investigation.做这项调查，我们必须要有条理。ⓘ Method is used especially to talk about a way of doing a task or solving a problem. * method尤指做事或解决问题的有条理的方法。
peace
noun
peace ♦︎ order ♦︎ law and order ♦︎ the rule of law ♦︎ calmThese are all words for a situation or period of time in which there is no war or violence in a country or area and people obey the law.这些词均表示和平、太平或治安。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an uneasy peace / calm◆relative / comparative peace / calm◆to maintain / establish / preserve peace / order / law and order / the rule of law◆to restore peace / order / law and order / the rule of law◆to enforce peace / order / law and order / the rule of law◆peace / order / law and order / the rule of law / calm prevails◆order / law and order / the rule of law breaks down◆the breakdown of order / law and order / the rule of law■peace [uncountable, singular] a situation or period of time in which there is no war or violence in a country or area和平；太平◆Any hopes of peace between the two nations seem to have faded.这两国之间的和平希望似乎逐渐渺茫。◆The two communities now live together in peace.这两个群落现在和睦相处。◆England and France were once again at peace with each other.英格兰和法国又一次和平共处，相安无事了。◆Peace finally returned to the city streets.城市的街道终于恢复了平静。◆The negotiators are trying to make peace between the warring factions.谈判代表试图让交战各方和解。◆Troops were brought in to keep the peace.出动了部队来维持和平。◆Obviously world peace is our ultimate goal.显然世界和平是我们的最终目标。◆After years of war, the people longed for a lasting peace.经历了多年的战乱之后，人民渴望永久和平。OPPwar ⇨ war■order [uncountable] the state that exists when people obey laws, rules or authority治安；秩序；规矩◆The army had been brought in to maintain order in the capital.出动了军队来维持首都的治安。◆Some teachers find it hard to keep order in their classes.有些教师觉得难以维持课堂秩序。◆Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in order.有些教师觉得难以维持课堂秩序。◆It is our duty to preserve public order.我们的责任是维护公共秩序。OPPdisorder ⇨ trouble1■ˌlaw and ˈorder
idiom
a situation in which people obey the law and behave in a peaceful way法治；治安；遵纪守法◆They regarded the forces of law and order(= the police and the courts) as their enemy.他们视法制力量为敌。■the rule of ˈlaw
idiom
(ratherformal) the situation in which all members of society, including its leaders, accept the authority of the law法治◆It is our duty to uphold the rule of law.我们的责任是维护法治。■calm [uncountable, singular] a situation in which there is no violence, angry protests or arguments（没有暴力、抗议或争吵的）平静，宁静（的状态）◆The police appealed for calm.警方呼吁保持冷静。◆An uneasy calm descended on the streets.街上有一种令人不安的宁静。 see also calm ⇨ quietadj.1
request
noun
request ♦︎ order ♦︎ application ♦︎ claim ♦︎ demand ♦︎ call ♦︎ petition ♦︎ plea ♦︎ appeal ♦︎ reservationThese are all words for the action of asking for sth formally and/or politely.这些词均表示正式的要求、请求。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a request / an order / an application / a claim / a demand / a call / a petition / a plea / an appeal for sth◆on request / order / application / demand◆a request / demand that...◆repeated requests / demands / calls / pleas / appeals◆a formal request / application / claim / demand / petition / appeal◆a personal request / application / plea / appeal◆an urgent request / order / demand / plea / appeal◆a / an successful / unsuccessful application / claim / demand / petition / appeal◆to make a request / an application / a claim / a demand / a plea / an appeal / a reservation◆to put in a request / an order / an application / a claim / a demand◆to file / lodge an application / a claim / a petition◆to withdraw a request / an application / a claim / a demand / a petition◆to receive a request / an order / an application / a demand / a petition / a plea / an appeal◆to meet a request / an order / a claim / a demand◆to grant a request / an application / a claim / a petition◆to refuse / reject a request / an application / a claim / a demand / a petition■request [countable] (ratherformal) the action of asking for sth formally and politely（正式或礼貌的）要求，请求◆They made a request for further aid.他们请求进一步的援助。◆He was there at his manager's request(= because his manager had asked him to go).他按照经理要求到了那里。◆Catalogues are available on request.有目录备索。 see also request ⇨ askverb2, request ⇨ wishnoun■order [countable] a request to make or supply goods; a request for food or drinks in a restaurant or bar; the food or drinks that you ask for订货；订购；订单；（在餐厅或酒吧）点单；所点餐品◆I would like to place an order for ten copies of this book.这本书我想订购十册。◆The machine parts are still on order(= they have been ordered but have not yet been received).机器零件尚在订购之中。◆These items can be made to order(= produced especially for a particular customer).这几样东西可以订做。◆May I take your order?您现在点餐吗？◆a side order of fries(= that you eat with your main dish)配菜炸薯条 see also order ⇨ orderverb2■application [countable] a formal, often written, request for sth, such as a job, permission to do sth or a place at a college or university（关于求职、准允或上大学等的）正式申请，请求，申请书◆We put in our planning application about six weeks ago.我们约六周前已递交规划申请。◆We received over 100 applications for the job.我们收到100多份求职申请。◆Where can I get an application form(= a piece of paper on which to apply for sth)?我在哪儿可以拿到申请表？ see also apply ⇨ askverb2■claim [countable] a request for a sum of money that you believe you have a right to, especially from a company or the government（尤指向公司或政府的）索款，索赔◆You can make a claim on your insurance policy.你可按保险单索赔。◆Nurses have put in a three per cent pay claim.护士已提出加薪3%的要求。 see also claim ⇨ askverb2■demand [countable] a very firm request for sth; sth that sb needs（坚决的）要求；所需之物◆Their demand for higher pay was ignored.他们加薪的要求未被理睬。◆Our firm is constantly striving to satisfy customers' demands(= to give them what they are asking for).我们公司一直在努力满足顾客的需求。 see also demand ⇨ demandverb■call [countable] (especially journalism尤用于新闻) a demand or request for sb to do sth or go somewhere要求，请求，呼吁（某人做某事或前往某处）◆There have been calls for the minister to resign.已出现要求那位部长辞职的呼声。◆This is the last call for passengers travelling on British Airways flight 199 to Rome.乘坐英国航空公司199次班机飞往罗马的乘客，这是最后一次通知登机。 see also call for sth ⇨ askverb2■petition / /pəˈtɪʃn/ / [countable] a written document signed by a large number of people that asks sb in a position of authority to do or change sth请愿书◆Would you like to sign our petition against experiments on animals?您愿意在我们反对用动物做实验的请愿书上签名吗？ see also petition ⇨ askverb2■plea / /pliː/ / [countable] (formal) an urgent emotional request恳求；吁求◆She made an impassioned plea for help.她恳切地求助。 see also plead ⇨ beg■appeal [countable] (ratherformal, especiallywritten) an urgent and deeply felt request for money, help or information, especially one made by a charity or by the police（尤指慈善机构或警方的）呼吁，吁请，恳求◆They've just launched a TV appeal for donations to the charity.他们刚刚通过电视呼吁为该慈善机构捐款。◆The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.警方吁请公众保持镇静。 see also appeal ⇨ askverb2■reservation [countable] (ratherformal) an arrangement for a seat on a plane or train, a room in a hotel, etc. to be kept for you（对机票、火车票、酒店房间等的）预订，预约◆I'll call the restaurant and make a reservation.我会打电话到餐厅订位。◆We have a reservation in the name of Grant.我们是以格兰特的名字预订的。 see also reserve ⇨ orderverb2
series
noun
series ♦︎ sequence ♦︎ order ♦︎ chain ♦︎ string ♦︎ succession ♦︎ catalogue ♦︎ chronology ♦︎ lineThese are all words for a number of events, things or people of a similar kind that come one after the other.这些词均表示一连串同类的事件、事物或人。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a series / sequence / chain / string / succession / catalogue / chronology / line of sth◆in a / an (...) series / sequence / order / string◆in sequence / order (of sth) / succession◆out of sequence / order◆a whole series / sequence / string / succession / catalogue◆a / an long / endless / continuous / unbroken series / sequence / chain / string / succession / line◆a random series / sequence / order / string◆a series / sequence / chain / string / succession / chronology of events◆a series / string / catalogue of errors◆a series / sequence / string of numbers / letters◆the first / last / latest in a series / sequence / string / succession / line■series(pluralseries) [countable] (always followed by of总是后接of) several events or things of a similar kind that happen one after the other一系列，一连串（相似的事件或事物）◆This is the first in a series of articles about rock 'n' roll legends.这是关于摇滚乐传奇系列文章的首篇。◆The shooting was the latest in a series of violent attacks in the city.这次枪击事件是该市发生的一系列暴力袭击事件的最新一起。■sequence / /ˈsiːkwəns/ / [countable, uncountable] a set of events, actions or numbers that follow one another in a particular order and which lead to a particular result; the order that events, actions, etc. happen in or should happen in一系列，一连串（事件、行动或数字）；顺序；次序◆The novel contains a long dream sequence(= describing a dream).这部小说中有很长一串梦境描写。◆Put these numbers into the correct sequence.把这些数字按正确的顺序排列起来。◆The computer generates a random sequence of numbers.计算机随机生成一串数字。◆The papers were all out of sequence.这些文件排错了次序。NOTE辨析 Series or sequence?A series of things is usually a set of individual items; although similar in some way, each one is a distinct example of sth, different from the others. A series of things does not have to be in any logical order, but a sequence of things probably will be. Sequence usually suggests that each event, action or number is connected in some way to the previous one. * a series of表示一系列独立个体，尽管它们在某些方面相似，但每一个体都有自身特点，有别于其他个体。series中的事物不必按逻辑顺序排列，而sequence中的事物则很可能存在顺序。sequence通常意味着每个事件、行动或数字与前面一个存在着某种联系。■order [uncountable, countable] the way in which a number of people or things are placed or arranged in relation to each other, that decides what comes first, what comes second, etc.（人或事物的）顺序，次序◆The names are listed in alphabetical order.这些姓名是按字母顺序排列的。◆We will deal with cases in order of importance.我们将按重要性排序依次处理这些案件。◆Winners are announced in reverse order.获胜者是从后到前依次宣布的。◆The information is given in no particular order.信息的发布没有特定的顺序。ⓘ The emphasis with order is on the system used to arrange things, rather than the set of things themselves. * order强调的是事物的排列方法，而不是这些事物本身。 see also order ⇨ rankverb■chain [countable] a series of connected things or people, especially when they lead to a particular result一系列，一连串（人或事物）◆I was next in the chain of command(= a system by which instructions are passed from one person to another).我处在指挥系统的下一级。◆Middlemen are important links in the chain.中间人是关系链中的重要环节。◆Volunteers formed a human chain to pass buckets of water to each other.志愿者排成一条长龙，逐个把水桶传过去。ⓘ The collocates of chain in this meaning bring to mind the literal meaning of the word. Collocates include link, break and unbroken.表达此义时，chain与某些词搭配会让人联想到该搭配词的字面含义。这些搭配词有link、break和unbroken。■string [countable] a series of similar things or people that come closely one after the other or are found close together一系列；一连串；一批◆He retired after a string of chart hits in the 1980s.20世纪80年代他的唱片歌曲多次登上每周排行榜，之后他便退出乐坛了。◆The company owns a string of casinos in Nevada.该公司在内华达拥有好多个赌场。ⓘ You talk about a string of things to emphasize the fact that there are a lot of them. * a string of强调某物的数量多。■succession / /səkˈseʃn/ / [countable, usually singular, uncountable] a series of people or things that follow each other in time or order; the regular pattern of one thing following another一连串，一系列（人或事物）；交替；更迭◆She was cared for by a succession of nannies.连续有好几个保姆照看过她。◆The team lost the final six years in succession.这个队连续六年在决赛中落败。◆They won several games in quick succession.他们接连赢了几场比赛。ⓘ You talk about a succession of things to emphasize the fact that one thing follows after another, without a break or interruption. * a succession of强调事物连续出现，中间没有间断或停顿。■catalogue (NAmE alsocatalog) /ˈkætəlɒg; NAmEˈkætəlɔːg, ˈkætəlɑːg/ [countable, usually singular] (always followed by of总是后接of) (especially BrE) a long series of things that happen, especially bad things一连串（尤指糟糕的事）◆What followed was a whole catalogue of disasters.随之发生的是接二连三的灾难。◆Child protection officers uncovered a catalogue of cruelty and abuse.儿童保护专员发现了一连串虐待儿童的事件。■chronology /krəˈnɒlədʒi; NAmEkrəˈnɑːlədʒi/ [uncountable, countable] the order in which a series of events happened; a list of these events in order按事件发生日期排列的顺序；年表◆Historians seem to have confused the chronology of these events.历史学家好像把这些事件发生的年代顺序搞混了。◆At the front of the book is a chronology of the artist's life.在这本书的前部有这位艺术家的生平年表。ⓘ The emphasis with chronology is on when each event happened in relation to the other events. * chronology强调彼此相关的事件的发生时间。■line [countable, usually singular] a series of people, things or events that follow one another in time按时间顺序排列的人（或物、事件）；家系；家族◆She came from a long line of doctors(= there were many doctors in her family in the past).她来自一个医生世家。◆Property was passed down through the male line(= through the males in the family).财产通过父系代代相传。◆The novel is the latest in a long line of thrillers that he has written.这部小说是他写的系列惊险小说中最新的一部。 see also lineage ⇨ family3
fine
adjective
➡ See also the entries for ⇨ adequate and ⇨ good2另见adequate条和good条第2义fine ♦︎ all right ♦︎ fair ♦︎ OK ♦︎ acceptable ♦︎ satisfactory ♦︎ reasonable ♦︎ in order ♦︎ rightThese words all describe sth that is good enough for you to accept.这些词均表示挺好的、不错的、可接受的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be fine / all right / fair / OK / acceptable / satisfactory / reasonable / in order to do sth◆to be fine / all right / fair / OK / acceptable / satisfactory / reasonable / in order that...◆a fair / an acceptable / a satisfactory / a reasonable solution◆a fair / an acceptable / a reasonable wage / price◆a fair / reasonable question◆That's fine / all right / OK by me.◆perfectly fine / all right / fair / OK / acceptable / satisfactory / reasonable / in order◆(not) entirely fair / acceptable / satisfactory / reasonable■fine (often used as an exclamation常用作感叹词) (spoken) used to tell sb that you are satisfied with an action, suggestion, decision or situation（对行为、建议、决定或情况表示满意）不错，很好，可接受◆'I'll leave this here, OK?' 'Fine.'“我把这个留在这儿，可以吗？”“可以。”◆'Bob wants to know if he can come too.' 'That's fine by me.'“鲍勃想知道他是否也能来。”“我认为没问题。”◆Your speech was absolutely fine.你的讲话棒极了。◆'Can I get you another drink?' 'No thanks. I'm fine.'“我再给你一杯好吗？”“不，谢谢。我够了。”■all ˈright [not before noun] (informal, especiallyspoken) good enough; that can be allowed够好；满意；可允许；可以◆Is the coffee all right?这咖啡还行吗？◆Is it all right for me to leave early?我早点离开没问题吧？◆Is it all right if I leave early?我早点离开没问题吧？◆'I'm afraid I have to go now.' 'That's all right.'“恐怕我现在得走了。”“没有关系。”▸all right
adverb
◆Are you getting along all right in your new job?你的新工作顺利吗？■fairgood enough or appropriate in a particular situation合理的；恰当的；适当的◆Scoring twenty points was a fair achievement.拿下二十分是个不错的成绩。◆It wasn't really fair to ask him to do all the work.所有的工作都让他做，这不太合适。◆It seems only fair that they should give us something in return.似乎他们应该给我们点什么作为回报才像话。◆It's fair to say that they're very pleased with the offer.恰如其分地说，他们对这个提议很满意。◆To be fair, she behaved better than we expected.说句公道话，她表现得比我们预期的要好。 see also fair ⇨ reasonable■OK ( okay) [not usually before noun] (informal, spoken) all right; good enough可以；不错；够好◆Is it OK if I leave now?我现在离开，可以吗？◆Is it OK for me to come too?我也去，行吗？◆She looks OK to me.我觉得她样子还行。◆We had an okay time on the trip－ not great.我们的旅行谈不上精彩，但还过得去。▸OK
adverb
◆I think I did OK in the exam.我觉得我考得还不错。NOTE辨析 All right or OK?OK is only used in spoken English; all right can be written, although it is informal. * OK只用于口语中；all right可用作书面语，但是非正式的用法。■acceptablethat sb agrees is good enough or should be allowed可接受的；令人满意的；可容许的◆We want a solution that is acceptable to all parties.我们需要一个各方都可接受的解决方案。◆To get on this course, a pass in English at grade B is acceptable.英语成绩达到B级就可以学习这门课程。◆Air pollution in the city has reached four times the acceptable level.这座城市的空气污染程度已高达可接受标准的四倍。OPPunacceptable ⇨ unacceptable■satisfactorygood enough for a particular purpose令人满意的；够好的；可以的◆Their work is satisfactory but not outstanding.他们的工作做得还可以，但不算出色。◆You haven't yet given us a satisfactory explanation.你还没给我们一个满意的解释。OPPunsatisfactory ⇨ disappointing▸satisfactorily / /ˌsætɪsˈfæktərəli/ /
adverb
◆Our complaint was dealt with satisfactorily.我们的投诉得到了满意的处理。■reasonableacceptable and appropriate in a particular situation可以接受的；合乎情理的；公道的◆The furniture is in reasonable condition.家具的状况还过得去。◆You must submit your claim within a reasonable time.你必须在适当的时间内提出要求。◆If the price is reasonable, we'll buy it.要是价格公道，我们就买。 see also reasonable ⇨ reasonable▸reasonably
adverb
◆The instructions are reasonably straightforward.用法说明还算简单易懂。NOTE辨析 Fair or reasonable?In many cases you can use either of these words, but fair is used in a lot of spoken expressions, where reasonable is not usually used. Fair does not collocate with time.在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，但fair用在很多口语表达中，reasonable通常没有那些用法。fair不能跟time搭配◆You must submit your claim within a fair time.■in ˈorder
idiom
(formal) as it should be正常；准备好；就绪◆Is everything in order, sir?一切都正常吗，先生？◆We need to check that all your papers are in order.我们需要查看一下你的所有证件是不是都准备好了。■right [not before noun] (used especially in negative statements尤用于否定陈述) in a normal or satisfactory condition正常；情况良好◆That sausage doesn't smell right.这香肠闻起来不对劲。◆Things aren't right between her parents.她父母的关系不太正常。◆If only I could have helped put matters right.要是我当时能帮着把错误纠正过来就好了。OPPwrong ⇨ wrong2▸right
adverb
◆Nothing's going right for me today.今天没有一件事让我顺心。
unacceptable
adjective
unacceptable ♦︎ unreasonable ♦︎ too much ♦︎ intolerable ♦︎ unbearable ♦︎ out of line ♦︎ out of order ♦︎ insufferableThese words all describe sth that is so bad that you cannot accept or bear it.这些词均表示不能接受的、无法容忍的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆unacceptable / intolerable to sb◆too much / intolerable / unbearable for sb◆unacceptable / unreasonable / intolerable / unbearable that...◆unacceptable / unreasonable / too much / intolerable / unbearable / out of order to do sth◆unacceptable / unreasonable / intolerable behaviour / demands / interference / levels◆an unacceptable / unreasonable / intolerable burden◆an unacceptable / intolerable / unbearable situation◆quite / completely / totally unacceptable / unreasonable / intolerable / unbearable / out of order◆absolutely / increasingly unacceptable / intolerable / unbearable◆a bit unreasonable / too much / out of order◆almost / nearly too much / intolerable / unbearable■unacceptable (ratherformal) that you cannot accept, allow or approve of不能接受（或允许、同意）的◆Such behaviour is totally unacceptable in a civilized society.这种行为在文明社会是完全不能接受的。◆Such a solution would be quite unacceptable to the majority of people.这样的解决办法对大多数人来说都是难以接受的。◆Noise from the factory has reached an unacceptable level.工厂的噪声达到了难以容忍的地步。OPPacceptable ⇨ fine, acceptable ⇨ rightadj.2▸unacceptably
adverb
◆unacceptably high levels of unemployment奇高的失业率■unreasonablenot fair; expecting too much不合理的；不公正的；期望过高的◆It would be unreasonable to expect somebody to come at such short notice.要求人家随传随到会显得不近人情。◆The fees they charge are not unreasonable.他们的收费还算合理。◆He was being totally unreasonable about it.他在这件事上蛮不讲理。OPPreasonable ⇨ reasonable■too much
idiom
(ratherinformal, spoken) needing more skill or strength than you have; more difficult or annoying than you can bear力所不及；不能忍受◆What with the exams, and then his illness, things have become too much for him.那些考试，加上后来他又病了，情况已变得让他无法忍受。◆This is too much! First she complains that I'm never in the office, then she wants to know why I'm not visiting so many clients.这真让人受不了！她先是抱怨我总不在办公室，接着又想知道为什么有那么多客户我没去拜访。■intolerable / /ɪnˈtɒlərəbl; NAmEɪnˈtɑːlərəbl/ (ratherformal) (of a situation, a feeling or sb's behaviour) so difficult, unpleasant or wrong that you cannot bear it or accept it（状况、感觉或某人的行为）无法忍受的，不能容忍的，不可接受的◆Keeping the secret put an intolerable burden on him.保守这个秘密成了他无法承受的负担。◆Her behaviour has become intolerable.她的行为已变得让人无法容忍了。◆It seems to me intolerable that children do not have the same legal protection as adults.儿童没有得到跟成年人一样的法律保护，这在我看来是不可接受的。OPPtolerableⓘ The opposite tolerable is usually used as a way of saying that sth is almost intolerable. * intolerable的反义词tolerable通常用以表示某事物几乎(almost)不可忍受◆At times, the heat was barely tolerable.有时热得几乎令人难以忍受。▸intolerably
adverb
◆It became intolerably hot by day.白天热得让人受不了。■unbearable /ʌnˈbeərəbl; NAmEʌnˈberəbl/ (of a situation, feeling or person) so unpleasant, painful or annoying that you cannot bear it（状况、感觉或人）无法忍受的，无法接受的◆Some of the victims were suffering unbearable pain.有些受害者疼痛难忍。◆The heat was becoming unbearable.炎热开始变得难以忍受。◆He's been unbearable since he won that prize.他得奖以后变得很难相与。OPPbearableⓘ The opposite bearable is usually used as a way of saying that sth is almost unbearable. * unbearable的反义词bearable通常用以表示某事物几乎(almost)无法忍受◆She was the only thing that made life bearable.只因有了她，生活才不至于不堪忍受。▸unbearably
adverb
◆unbearably hot / painful / arrogant酷热难当；疼痛难忍；盛气凌人NOTE辨析 Intolerable or unbearable?In many cases you can use either word.在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆intolerable / unbearable heat / pain / suffering / tension / excitement酷热难当；疼痛难忍；痛苦不堪；难耐的紧张／兴奋However, unbearable is not usually used to talk about things that offend your sense of justice, rather than just your feelings.不过，unbearable通常不用以描述令人义愤不平的事物，而用以描述只是令人不满的事物◆It is unbearable that children do not have the same legal protection as adults.It is used more for physical than mental suffering and is generally not used in situations where people have to do sth that is too difficult for them. * unbearable较多描述身体上而非精神上的痛苦，一般不用于描述勉为其难的情形◆Keeping the secret was an unbearable burden.People themselves can be unbearable but notintolerable.描述人本身可用unbearable，但不用intolerable◆He's been intolerable since he won that prize.■ˌout of ˈline
idiom
(especially NAmE, informal, spoken) (of a person) behaving in a way that is not acceptable or right; (of their behaviour) not acceptable or right（人）行为不当，举止令人难以接受；（人的行为）不能接受的，不当的◆You'd better calm down－you're way out of line.你最好镇静一点－你太离谱了。◆If you step out of line one more time, you're fired.你要是再违规一次，就会被解雇。■ˌout of ˈorder
idiom
(BrE, informal, spoken) out of line（人）行为不当，举止令人难以接受；（人的行为）不能接受的，不当的◆What he did was right out of order.他的所作所为极为不妥。NOTE辨析 Out of line or out of order?Out of order is more frequent in British English than out of line, but it is not used in American English. Someone can get/step out of line but not 'get/step out of order'. * out of order较out of line更多用于英式英语，但不用于美式英语。可以说get/step out of line，但不说get/step out of order。■insufferable /ɪnˈsʌfrəbl/ / (ratherformal) (especially of a person or their personal qualities) so unpleasant or annoying that you cannot bear them（尤指人或个人品质）难以忍受的，难以容忍的◆She's totally insufferable!她真让人受不了！◆He bore a look of insufferable smugness.他露出一副沾沾自喜的表情，真让人受不了。