| 例句 |
preserve verb
⇨ maintain 1 (preserve the peace) ⇨ maintain 2 (This vase has been preserved intact.) ⇨ protect (preserve endangered species)preserve noun
⇨ business 1maintain1 verb maintain law and order 维持治安a beautifully maintained house 养护得很好的房子maintain ♦︎ preserve ♦︎ sustain ♦︎ extend ♦︎ prolong ♦︎ keep sth up ♦︎ keep sth going ♦︎ perpetuate ♦︎ prop sth upThese words all mean to make sth continue at the same level or standard. 这些词均表示维持、保持。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / keep up standards / a relationship◆to maintain / sustain / keep up levels / rates / morale / interest / growth / the momentum◆to keep the momentum going◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / perpetuate a system / myth◆to maintain / preserve / sustain a / an balance / illusion◆to maintain / preserve / keep up a tradition◆to keep a tradition going◆to maintain / sustain / keep up a pretence◆to maintain / preserve anonymity / confidentiality / order / the status quo / your heritage◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / extend / prolong (sb's) life◆to extend / prolong a visit / stay◆to still maintain sth / preserve sth / sustain sth / keep sth up / keep sth going / perpetuate sth / prop sth up◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / prolong sth / keep sth going indefinitely◆to maintain / extend / prolong sth deliberately■ maintain / /meɪnˈteɪn/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth continue at the same level or standard 维持；保持◆Our principal task is to maintain law and order.我们的主要任务是维持治安。◆The two countries have always maintained close relations.这两个国家一直保持着密切关系。◆ (formal) She maintained a dignified silence.她保持沉默，以示尊严。■ preserve [transitive] (rather formal) to keep a particular quality or feature; to make sure that a quality or feature is kept 保护；维护；保留◆He was anxious to preserve his reputation.他急于维护自己的名声。◆Efforts to preserve the peace have failed.维护和平的努力失败了。◆She managed to preserve her sense of humour under very trying circumstances.她在艰难的环境下依然不失幽默感。■ sustain / /səˈsteɪn/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth continue for some time at the same level 使保持；使稳定持续◆We are experiencing a period of sustained economic growth.我们正经历一段经济持续增长的时期。◆She had been the victim of a sustained attack.她曾遭受长时间的暴力袭击。◆She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech.她使每个人兴趣盎然，一直听她把话讲完。▸ sustainable adjective ◆sustainable economic growth经济的可持续增长OPP unsustainable NOTE 辨析 Maintain or sustain?In some cases you can use either word. 在有些情况下这两个词可以通用◆to maintain / sustain a balance / a pretence / people's interest / life保持平衡；维持假象；使人们保持兴趣；维持生命 Maintain is used especially to talk about keeping sth at its usual level for an unlimited period of time. * maintain尤指使事物在不受限定的时间内保持惯常的水平◆They believe that the role of the state is to maintain the status quo, rather than to promote major economic and social change.他们认为国家的职能是保持现状，而不是促进经济和社会的重大变革。 Sustain is used more to talk about keeping sth at a higher than usual level for a long but not unlimited period. * sustain较多指使事物在很长但并非无限的时间内保持高于往常的水平◆How long can this level of growth be sustained?这种水平的增长能持续多久？ ■ extend [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth last longer 延长⋯的期限（或寿命）◆They've agreed to extend the deadline.他们同意延长截止期限。◆The show has been extended for another six weeks.展览会又延长了六周。◆Careful maintenance can extend the life of your car by several years.精心保养可使汽车寿命延长几年。 see also extended ⇨ long adj. ▸ extension noun [countable] ◆He's been granted an extension of the contract for another year.他的合同获得延期一年。■ prolong /prəˈlɒŋ; NAmE prəˈlɔːŋ, prəˈlɑːŋ/ [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth last longer 延长⋯的期限（或寿命）◆The operation could prolong his life by two or three years.这次手术可使他多活两三年。◆Don't prolong the agony (= of not knowing sth) －just tell us who won!别卖关子了－快说谁赢了！ see also prolonged ⇨ long adj. NOTE 辨析 Extend or prolong? Extend is used especially in business contexts. * extend尤用于商务语境◆to extend a deadline / an overdraft / a trip / a visa / a right / a mandate延长截止期限；提供透支；延长旅行／签证／权利／任期 Prolong is more often used to talk about making experiences last longer. * prolong较多指延长经历◆to prolong your stay / visit / life / survival / agony / misery延长逗留时间／访问／生命／生存时间／痛苦／不幸 ■ ˌkeep sth ˈup phrasal verb (kept, kept)to make sth stay at a high level; to continue to use or practise sth 使⋯保持在高水平；沿用；沿袭；保持◆The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up.昂贵的原料费用使价格居高不下。◆They sang songs to keep their spirits up.他们唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。◆We try to keep up the old customs.我们尽量保持这些老习俗。◆Do you still keep up your Spanish?你还坚持说西班牙语吗？■ ˌkeep sth ˈgoing phrase (kept, kept) (rather informal, especially spoken) to make an effort to make a process, activity or tradition continue to happen or exist 使（进程、活动或传统）维持下去◆We have a chance of winning the championship as long as we can keep the momentum going (= keep playing at the same high level).我们只要能保持这个势头就有机会夺冠。■ perpetuate /pəˈpetʃueɪt; NAmE pərˈpetʃueɪt/ [transitive] (formal) to make sth such as a bad situation or a belief continue for a long time 使（恶劣局面或信念等）持久化（或持续）◆This new law just serves to perpetuate inequality.这项新法律只会持续造成不平等。◆This system perpetuated itself for several centuries.这一制度维持了几个世纪。◆Comics and books for children tend to perpetuate the myth that 'boys don't cry'.儿童连环画和图书往往在延续着“男儿有泪不轻弹”的固有观念。ⓘ Typical collocates of perpetuate are inequality, myth, stereotype and system. * perpetuate的常见搭配词有inequality、myth、stereotype和system。■ ˌprop sth ˈup phrasal verb (-pp-) (often disapproving, especially business 尤用于商业) to help sth that is having difficulties, when it might be better to let it fail and use your resources for sth else 帮助，扶持，救济（本该任其败落的事物）◆The government was accused of propping up declining industries.人们指责政府贴补日趋衰落的产业。ⓘ Prop sth up is used most often in financial contexts. * prop sth up最常用于金融语境◆to prop up the economy / exchange value of sterling / pound / dollar / stockmarket扶持经济；维持英镑／美元的汇兑价值；救助股市 maintain2 verb maintain law and order 维持治安a beautifully maintained house 养护得很好的房子maintain ♦︎ preserve ♦︎ service ♦︎ keep sth upThese words all mean to keep sth in good condition. 这些词均表示保养、维护。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to maintain / preserve a house◆to maintain / service a / an car / appliance◆to have / keep sth maintained / preserved / serviced◆sth is well / fully maintained / preserved / serviced◆sth is regularly maintained / serviced◆sth is maintained / preserved intact■ maintain / /meɪnˈteɪn/ / [transitive] to keep sth such as a building or machine in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly 维修；保养◆The house is large and difficult to maintain.房子很大，难以养护。◆The grounds are beautifully maintained.庭院养护得很好。 see also maintenance ⇨ repair noun ■ preserve [transitive, often passive] to keep sth in its original state in good condition 维持⋯的原状；保存；保养◆Three miles away is a perfectly preserved stretch of Roman road.3英里以外是一段保存完好的古罗马公路。◆ (humorous) Is he really 60? He's remarkably well preserved.他真有60岁吗？他真会保养啊。▸ preservation noun [uncountable] ◆building / environmental preservation建筑物的保养；环境保护■ service [transitive, usually passive] to examine a vehicle or machine and repair it if necessary so that it continues to work correctly 检修；维护；保养◆We need to have the car serviced.我们得把车送去检修一下了。◆Gas appliances should be regularly serviced.燃气器具应该定期检修。 see also service , servicing ⇨ repair noun ■ ˌkeep sth ˈup phrasal verb to take care of a place, house or garden so that it stays in good condition 保养，维护（场地、房屋或花园）◆We can't stay in this house－we simply don't have the money to keep it up.我们不能住在这栋房子里，我们根本负担不起维护费。 see also upkeep ⇨ repair noun protect verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ save 1 另见save条第1义protect ♦︎ defend ♦︎ guard ♦︎ preserve ♦︎ safeguard ♦︎ shield ♦︎ shelter ♦︎ secureThese words all mean to make sure that sb/sth is not harmed, injured or damaged. 这些词均表示保护、防护。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to protect / defend / guard / preserve / safeguard / shield / shelter / secure sb / sth from sth◆to protect / defend / guard / safeguard / secure sth against sth◆to protect / defend yourself◆to protect / preserve / safeguard jobs◆to protect / preserve a species◆heavily protected / defended / guarded■ protect [transitive, intransitive] to make sure that sb/sth is not harmed, injured or damaged 保护；防护◆They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind.他们挤在一起避风。◆Each company is fighting to protect its own commercial interests.每家公司都在奋力保护自己的商业利益。◆The paint helps protect against rust.这种油漆有助于防锈。OPP expose ⇨ expose see also protection ⇨ security ■ defend [transitive, intransitive] to protect sb/sth from attack 防御；保护；保卫◆All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.我们所有警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。◆Troops have been sent to defend the borders.已派出部队守卫边疆。◆It is impossible to defend against an all-out attack.防御全面进攻是不可能的。 see also defence ⇨ precaution ■ guard [transitive] to protect property, places or people from attack or danger 警卫，守卫，保卫（财产、地方或人）◆Delegates at the conference were guarded by the police.与会者受到警方的保护。◆You can't get in; the whole place is guarded.你进不去的，整个地方戒备森严。◆ (figurative) The recipe is a closely guarded secret.这个秘方受到严密保护。 see also guard ⇨ guard noun , guard ⇨ watch noun ■ preserve [transitive] (rather formal) to keep sb/sth alive or existing, or safe from harm or danger 使继续存活；保护；保全◆To preserve life should always be the goal.保护生命永远是最终目标。◆The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种免遭灭绝。◆She was determined to preserve her independence and way of life.她决意保持独立和自己的生活方式。▸ preservation noun [uncountable] ◆The central issue in the strike was the preservation of jobs.这次罢工的核心问题是保留工作岗位。■ safeguard / /ˈseɪfgɑːd; NAmE ˈseɪfgɑːrd/ [transitive, intransitive] (formal) to protect sth from loss, harm or damage 保护，保障，捍卫（免遭损失、伤害或损坏）◆It is hoped that the order will safeguard jobs at the plant.人们希望这份订单能够保住厂里的工作岗位。◆The leaflet explains how to safeguard against dangers in the home.这本小册子告诉人们在家里如何防备各种危险。 see also safeguard ⇨ precaution ■ shield /ʃiːld/ / [transitive] to protect sb/sth from danger, harm or sth unpleasant, especially by putting sb/sth between them and the source of danger 保护（尤指以人或物隔开使免遭危险、伤害或不快）◆I shielded my eyes against the glare.我挡住眼睛以避开强光。◆Police believe that somebody is shielding the killer.警方认为有人把杀人犯藏了起来。◆You can't shield her from the truth forever.不可能永远瞒着她，不让她知道事实真相。 see also shield ⇨ precaution ■ shelter [transitive] to give sb/sth a place where they are protected from the weather or from danger 保护；使躲避（风雨或危险）◆Trees shelter the house from the wind.树给房子挡住了风。◆Perhaps I sheltered my daughter too much (= protected her too much from unpleasant or difficult experiences).也许我对女儿过度保护了。 see also shelter ⇨ shelter noun ■ secure /sɪˈkjʊə(r); NAmE səˈkjʊr/ [transitive] to protect sth so that it is safe and difficult for other people to attack or damage 保护；保卫；使安全◆No home can be completely secured against intruders.没有一个家的保安程度能严密到外人完全闯不进来。◆The windows were secured with locks and bars.窗户上装了锁和防护栏。◆The government has deployed 35 000 troops in an effort to secure the border.政府部署了3.5万人的部队以保卫边境安全。 see also security ⇨ security business1 noun none of your business 不关你的事Thank you for your business. 谢谢您的惠顾。business ♦︎ concern ♦︎ preserve ♦︎ affairThese are all words for sth that concerns a particular person, group or organization. 这些词均表示与某个人、群体或机构相关的事。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(a) private / personal business / concern / affair◆sth is sb's own business / concern / affair◆to be none of sb's business / concern◆sth is no business / concern of sb's■ business [singular] something that is a particular person's or organization's responsibility or that they have a right to know about （某人或某机构）负责的事，有权知道的事◆It is the business of the police to protect the community.警察的职责是保护附近居民。◆My private life is none of your business (= you do not have a right to know about it).我的私生活与你无关。◆It's no business of yours who I invite to the party.你无权过问我邀请谁参加聚会。◆I shall make it my business to find out who is responsible.我要亲自查出是谁的责任。■ concern [countable, usually singular] (formal) sb/sth's business （某人或某机构）负责的事，有权知道的事◆This matter is their concern.这件事由他们负责。◆How much money I make is none of your concern.我赚多少钱没有必要告诉你。NOTE 辨析 Business or concern?There is no real difference in meaning between these words, but concern is more formal, used mostly in written English. Both are used in the phrase sth is sb's business/concern but only business is used in the phrase sth is the business of sth. 这两个词在含义上没有实质差别，但concern较正式，大多用在书面语中。二者均可用于短语sth is sb's business/concern，但只有business可用于短语sth is the business of sth◆It is the concern of the police to protect the community. You can make it your business to do sth, meaning that you decide that you have a right to do or know sth, and will do it or find out about it; concern is not used in this way. * make it one's business to do sth指某人认为自己有权做或知道某事，且决意去做或查明；concern不能这么用◆I shall make it my concern to find out who is responsible. ■ preserve [singular] an activity, job or interest that is thought to be suitable for one particular person or group of people （活动、工作或兴趣被视为某人或某群体的）专属领域◆Higher education is no longer the preserve of the wealthy.高等教育再也不是富人的专利了。◆I began my career in the days when nursing was a female preserve.我开始工作的时候，护理工作是女性专属的领域。■ affair [singular] (rather formal) sb/sth's business 个人的事◆How I spend my money is my affair.我如何用钱是我自己的事。◆The details of your relationship should be a private affair.你们关系的详细情况应该是私事。ⓘ Affair can be used in the same way as business and concern in the phrase That's my business/concern/affair. However, you cannot say that sth is ◆none of sb's affair or ◆no affair of sb's However, it is quite common to say that sth is, or should be a private/personal affair. 和business、concern一样，affair可用在短语That's my business/concern/affair（那是我的事）中，但不能说sth is none of sb's affair或sth is no affair of sb's。不过，a private/personal affair（私事）倒是很普遍的说法。 |