| 例句 |
stiff adj.
⇨ formal (rather stiff and formal) ⇨ solid (stiff black cardboard) ⇨ tight (The windows are stiff.) formal adjective formal ♦︎ staid ♦︎ stuffy ♦︎ stiffThese words all describe a person who behaves in a very serious way and is often boring or old-fashioned, not friendly or relaxed. 这些词均表示一本正经的、古板的、生硬的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆formal / stuffy about sth◆a formal / stiff manner◆rather formal / staid / stuffy / stiff◆a staid / stuffy / stiff old sb■ formal very correct and serious; suitable for official or important occasions 庄重的；适合正式场合的；正规的◆She has a very formal manner, which can seem unfriendly.她的举止很是郑重其事，有可能会显得不友好。◆He insisted on formal dress for dinner.他坚持参加宴会要穿礼服。◆He kept the tone of the letter formal and businesslike.他在信中从头到尾都用正式的公务口吻。OPP informal , casual ⇨ informal see also formality ⇨ respect noun ▸ formally adverb ◆'How do you do?' she said formally.“您好！”她很正式地说。■ staid (disapproving) not amusing or interesting; boring and old-fashioned 没意思的；古板的；一本正经的◆The museum is trying to get rid of its staid image.这家博物馆正努力摆脱古板的形象。■ stuffy (rather informal, disapproving) very serious, formal, boring or old-fashioned 一本正经的；古板的；无趣的◆He reminded her of a stuffy old headmaster she had once had.他让她想起了她昔日的一个古板的老校长。■ stiff (usually disapproving) not friendly or relaxed 不友好的；生硬的◆The speech he made to welcome them was stiff and formal.他那番欢迎他们的话讲得生硬刻板。OPP relaxed ⇨ informal solid adjective solid ♦︎ stiff ♦︎ rigid ♦︎ firm ♦︎ hardThese words all describe things that are not soft to touch or are difficult to bend, break or move. 这些词均表示坚硬的、结实的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆solid / stiff / rigid material◆a solid / firm / hard surface◆firm / hard ground◆to go stiff / hard■ solid not in the form of a liquid or gas; not soft; difficult to bend, break or move 固体的；坚硬的；结实的；牢固的◆It was so cold that the stream had frozen solid.天气特别冷，小河冻得严严实实的。◆The boiler uses solid fuel (= not oil or gas).这种锅炉使用固体燃料。◆She had refused all solid food (= would not eat, only drink).所有固体食物她都不肯吃。◆The door was solid as rock.那扇门坚如磐石。OPP liquid ⇨ material see also solid ⇨ pure adj. 1 , solid ⇨ material noun ■ stiff not easy to fold or change in shape 不易折叠（或变形）的；硬的；挺的◆a sheet of stiff black cardboard一张黑色硬纸板◆Scrub away any residue with a stiff brush.用硬刷子把残留物擦洗掉。ⓘ People or parts of the body can be stiff if their muscles hurt when they move them, often because of cold. * stiff可指人的全身或身体某一部位因寒冷等而僵硬，活动时肌肉会疼痛◆I felt stiff all over.我觉得浑身酸痛。◆I've got a stiff neck from sleeping in a draught.我睡觉时受了风，脖子发僵。◆My fingers had gone stiff with cold.我的手指已经冻僵了。 see also stiff ⇨ tight ■ rigid / /ˈrɪdʒɪd/ / difficult to bend or press out of shape 坚硬的；不易弯曲的；僵直的◆Sandwiches are best packed in a rigid container.三明治最好用硬盒包装。◆The material is rigid and brittle.这种材料质地坚硬而且易碎。ⓘ People can go rigid with fear, anger or some other emotion. * rigid可指人因害怕、生气或其他情感而身体僵直◆His body suddenly went rigid with fear.他吓得突然浑身发僵。 OPP flexible ⇨ flexible 2 ■ firm (approving) not soft; not easy to press into another shape 坚固的；坚硬的；结实的◆It was good to feel the firm ground underfoot.脚下踩着坚硬的土地，那种感觉真好。◆four large tomatoes, ripe but firm四个大西红柿，熟了却还很硬◆Bake the cakes until they are firm to the touch.把糕饼烤到摸来有硬感为止。OPP soft ⇨ soft see also firm ⇨ firm , firm ⇨ tight ■ hard not soft; impossible to press into another shape 坚硬的；坚固的；不易变形的◆Wait for the concrete to go hard.等待混凝土凝结。◆a hard bench / chair硬板凳；硬椅子◆The ground is still rock-hard.地面仍然极其坚硬。 OPP soft ⇨ soft NOTE 辨析 Firm or hard? Hard things are harder than firm things. Hard can mean 'very hard' * hard比firm的硬度大。hard可表示非常硬◆Diamonds are the hardest known mineral.钻石是已知最坚硬的矿物。or 'too hard'. 或表示太硬◆a hard mattress一张硬梆梆的床垫 Firm is always a positive word: a hard mattress is a bad thing, but a firm mattress is good. * firm总是含有肯定意义：hard mattress是不好的，而firm mattress则是好的。 tight adjective tight ♦︎ firm ♦︎ stiff ♦︎ tautThese words all describe sth that is held or fixed strongly in position or stretched as far as it will go. 这些词均表示牢固的、紧的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达牢固的程度PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a tight / firm grip / hold◆a rope / wire is tight / taut■ tight held or fixed strongly in position; difficult to move or undo; stretched or pulled so that it cannot stretch much further 牢固的；紧的；绷紧的◆He kept a tight grip on her arm.他紧紧握住她的胳膊。◆She twisted her hair into a tight knot.她把头发紧紧地挽了个发髻。◆The screw was so tight that it wouldn't move.螺丝钉太紧，拧不开。◆The rope was stretched tight.这绳子拉得很紧。 OPP loose ⓘ Sth that is loose is not fixed where it should be. * loose指未固定牢的◆a loose button / tooth松动的纽扣／牙齿◆Check that the plug has not come loose.检查一下别让插头松脱了。 ▸ tight adverb ◆Hold tight!抓紧了！◆His fists were clenched tight.他紧握双拳。▸ tightly adverb ◆Her eyes were tightly closed.她的双眼紧闭着。◆He held on tightly to her arm.他紧紧抓住她的手臂。■ firm (often approving) (of sb's hand movements) strong and steady （手势）强有力的，坚决的◆Her handshake was cool and firm.她握手镇定而有力。◆Close the hatches with a firm push on the lever.用力推一下操纵杆来关上舱门。 see also firm ⇨ firm , firm ⇨ solid ▸ firmly adverb ◆He held her firmly but gently.他坚定而温柔地拥着她。■ stiff (often disapproving) difficult to move 不易活动的◆The windows were stiff and she couldn't get them open.窗户太紧，她打不开。ⓘ In this meaning stiff is used to talk about things that are supposed to open or bend, such as windows, doors, lids or sb's knees, legs, etc. 表达此义时，stiff用于修饰本应可以打开或弯曲的东西，如窗户、门、盖子或某人的膝盖、腿等。 see also stiff ⇨ solid ■ taut / /tɔːt/ / stretched tightly 拉紧的；绷紧的◆Keep the rope taut.始终将绳子绷紧。 OPP slack ⓘ Sth that is slack is not stretched tightly. * slack指不紧的、松弛的◆The rope suddenly went slack.绳子突然松了。 |